Zi Zhi Tong Jian

Chapter 6 Zhou Ji's three divisions (5)
Most of the scholars in the country opposed it, and Prince Cheng also lied about being ill and would not come to court.The King of Zhao sent someone to persuade him, saying: "Family affairs are subject to parents' orders, and state affairs are subject to the monarch. Now I am advocating changing clothes to the world, but if you don't wear them, uncle, I am afraid that people in the world will comment on my favoritism. Governance of the country follows certain laws and regulations. Rules and regulations are based on the benefit of the people; there are certain routines in government affairs, and the execution of orders is the most important. Propaganda of morality must first start with the humble lower class, and the implementation of administrative orders must first start with the nobles and close officials, so I hope to establish you, uncle. To set an example to achieve the achievement of changing to wear Hu clothes." Young Master Cheng made another Jishou salute and said: "I heard that China, under the enlightenment of ancient sages, used etiquette and music to make distant countries come to worship, and it is to let barbarians from all over the world come to worship. A place to learn to imitate. Now, king, you abandon these disregards and imitate the costumes of foreign countries instead. This is an act of tampering with traditional customs and going against the hearts of the people. I hope you will carefully consider it.” The messenger reported his words to Zhao king.

[Original text]

Wang Zi went to invite him and said: "My country has Qi and Zhongshan in the east, Yan and Donghu in the north, and Loufan, Qin and Han borders in the west. Now there is no preparation for riding and shooting, so how can we guard it? Qi's strong army invaded and raped our land, tied up our people, and diverted water to surround Gao; the gods of the small country, Gao is almost impossible to defend, and the first king is ugly. Therefore, the widows changed their uniforms to ride and shoot, in order to prepare for the difficulties in the four realms. , to report Zhongshan’s grievances. But my uncle obeyed the customs of China, and he hated the name of changing clothes, so as to forget the ugliness of Gao’s affairs, which is not what the widows hope for!” Young Master Cheng obeyed his orders, and gave Hu Fu clothes, and he will serve in court tomorrow.So he began to order Hu to obey orders, and recruited cavalry and shot Yan.

The 16th year of King Zhou Nan.Wushen in May, the Great Dynasty East Palace, where the country was passed on.After seeing the ceremony in the temple of the king, he came out to the court, and the doctor became a minister.Feiyi became the prime minister and became the king of Fu.King Wu Ling calls himself "Master Father".The master father wanted his son to rule the country, and he dressed in a shawl, and ordered the scholar-bureaucrats to go to the northwest.The general attacked Xianyang from Yunzhong and Jiuyuan to the south, so he pretended to be an envoy and entered Qin, hoping to observe the terrain of Qin and the character of the king of Qin.The king of Qin didn't know it, but he blamed him for his great appearance, which was beyond the measure of a minister, so that people chased him away;The people of Qin were shocked.

【Translation】

So King Zhao went there in person and explained to his face: "Our country has Qi and Zhongshan in the east, Yan and Donghu in the north, and Loufan in the west. It is adjacent to Qin and Han. If there is no military equipment for horseback riding and archery, how can we Can it hold on? Earlier, Zhongshan relied on Qi’s strong soldiers to invade our territory, harass our people, and divert water to irrigate the city. If it weren’t for the blessings of the ancestors and gods, the city would have almost fallen. I am ashamed. So I decided to change my clothes and learn how to ride and shoot in order to ward off disasters all around me. I am ashamed of the country in a snow. But uncle, you are blindly following the old ways and hate changing clothes. This is the shame and shame of the city that has been forgotten. It does not mean that It's not what I expected!" Young Master Cheng Fan repented and obeyed his orders gladly, the King of Zhao personally gave him a Hu suit, and he entered the court in the Hu suit the next day.So, Zhao Wang formally ordered to change to wear Hu clothes, and strongly advocated learning horseback riding and archery.

On May 16, the 299th year of King Zhou Nan (26 BC), King Zhao held a grand court meeting in the East Palace and passed on the throne to Zhao He.Zhao Hexing gave up the etiquette of offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple, and ascended to the court to deal with political affairs, and all the doctors under him became court ministers.He also appointed Fei Yi as Xiangguo, and honored him as the teacher of the monarch.King Wuling of Zhao called himself "Father Master".Father Zhao wants his son to be in charge of the country, and he is going to wear a Hu suit and lead civil servants and generals to attack the Hu people's territory in the northwest.He planned to attack Xianyang, the capital of Qin State, from Yunzhong, Jiuyuan and other places to the south, so he pretended to be a messenger and went to Qin State, hoping to take the opportunity to inspect the terrain of Qin State and the character of King Qin.The king of Qin didn't notice it, and later felt that this man was very tall and extraordinary, with a demeanor that his courtiers didn't have, so he hurriedly sent someone to chase after him, and at this time Master Zhao's father and his party had already left the Qin border.After some cross-examination and investigation, Qin Guocai knew that he was Master Zhao's father.The people of Qin were shocked.

[Comment and Analysis]

As the center of civilization, the Central Plains called the surrounding areas the land of barbarians, commonly known as "Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman, and Beihu".However, King Zhao Wuling didn't mind these opinions at all. As long as it was helpful to his country, no matter where the customs were, he could use them for his own use. The later prosperity of Zhao State had a lot to do with this.

Lian Po Xiangru
[Original text]

The 32th year of King Zhou Nan

King Zhao got Chu and Shibi, and King Qin Zhao wanted it, so please exchange it for fifteen cities.If the king of Zhao wants not to be with him, he is afraid of Qin Qiang; if he wants to be with him, he is afraid of being deceived.I asked Lin Xiangru, and said to him: "Qin asked for the city with the city but the king did not allow it, and it is up to me; if I give it to Bi but Qin does not take the city with me, then it is up to Qin. The two policies are equal, and I would rather bear Qin. Minister I would like to go there with the biscuit; so that the city of Qin cannot enter, I ask you to complete the biscuit and return." The king of Zhao sent him.Xiangru came to Qin, and the king of Qin had no intention of repaying Zhao Cheng.Xiangru cheated the king of Qin, took the jade back, sent his servants to cherish it, and returned to Zhao on a short trip, and waited for Qin with his body.The king of Qin thought that he was a virtuous man, so he refused to punish him, and he returned with courtesy.The king of Zhao regarded Xiangru as his superior doctor.

The envoy of the king of Qin told the king of Zhao that he would like to meet in Mianchi outside the river for good luck.The king of Zhao wanted not to do it, but Lian Po and Lin Xiangru said: "If the king can't do it, it shows that Zhao is weak and cowardly." The king of Zhao did it, and Xiangru followed.Lian Po sent him to the border, and said to Wang Jue: "Wang Xing, after the ceremony of the meeting on the road, it will take only [-] days to return it. If you don't return it within [-] days, please set up a prince to cut Qin's hope." Wang Xuzhi.

【Translation】

The 32th year of King Zhou Nan (283 BC)
King Zhao got the treasures of Chu State and Clan Bi, King Qin Zhao wanted to have it, and proposed to exchange fifteen cities with Zhao State.King Zhao didn't want to give it to him, but he was afraid of the power of Qin; if he wanted to give it to him, he was afraid of being deceived.So he went to ask for Lin Xiangru's opinion, and Lin Xiangru replied: "Qin State exchanged the city for Heshibi, but the king disagrees, it is our fault; we gave Qin State Heshibi, but Qin State did not give us the city, it is Qin The country is at a disadvantage. Weighing the two strategies, I would rather let Qin lose to us morally. I am willing to escort He Shibi to go. If Qin does not hand over the city to us, I promise to return it to Zhao." Zhao Wang then send him there.When Lin Xiangru arrived in the state of Qin, he saw that the king of Qin was not sincerely exchanging the city for the precious jade of the state of Zhao. country, while he himself stayed at the disposal of King Qin.In desperation, the king of Qin had no choice but to praise Lin Xiangru's virtuous ability. Instead of killing him, he treated him with courtesy and let him go back to his country.After returning to Zhao State, King Zhao appointed Lin Xiangru as a doctor.

The 36th year of King Zhou Nan (279 BC).The king of Qin sent an envoy to inform the king of Zhao that he was willing to hold peace talks with the king of Zhao in Mianchi outside the Yellow River.Zhao Wang didn't want to go to the meeting, but Lian Po and Lin Xiangru suggested: "If the king doesn't go, Zhao will appear cowardly and timid." Zhao Wang decided to go, and Lin Xiangru would accompany him.Lian Po sent them to the border, and said goodbye to King Zhao: "Your Majesty will go, and it is estimated that including the travel time, it will not exceed 30 days before and after the conference ceremony is over. If you have not returned after 30 days , then please allow us to establish the crown prince as the king of Zhao, so as to cut off Qin's unreasonable ideas." King Zhao agreed.

[Original text]

Will be in Mianchi.The king drank with the king of Zhao, and the wine was drunk. The king of Qin asked the king of Zhao to play the harp, and the king of Zhao played the drum.Lin Xiangru asked the king of Qin to hit the fou again, but the king of Qin refused.Xiangru said: "within five steps, I invite you to splash the blood on the king's neck!"Wang Buyi, for a blow fou.After drinking, Qin can't add anything to Zhao; Zhao people are also prepared for it, and Qin dare not move.

When Zhao Wang returned to his country, he took Lin Xiangru as his superior, right next to Lian Po.Lian Po said: "I am a general of Zhao, and I have the merits of attacking cities and field battles. Lin Xiangru is such a slut, and he is superior to me only by talking. I am ashamed and cannot bear to be inferior!" The declaration said: "When I see Xiangru, I will definitely Humiliate him!" Xiangru heard about it and refused to attend the meeting; every dynasty, he often complained of illness and didn't want to compete.When you go out and see it, you can lead the car to hide.All others are ashamed of it.Xiangru said: "Who do you think General Lian is compared to the King of Qin?" He said: "No." Xiangru said: "The husband uses the prestige of the King of Qin to scold him and humiliate his officials. Although Xiangru is a fool, he is alone afraid General Lian! Gu Wu read it, the strong Qin dared not add troops to Zhao, only because we were there. Now that the two tigers are fighting together, the power is not born at the same time. The reason why I do this is to put the country's urgency first. And then there will be personal enmity." Lian Po heard about it, and committed the crime of shooting Jing Zhimen with flesh, so he became acquaintance with cutting the neck.

【Translation】

After the meeting in Mianchi, the King of Qin and the King of Zhao drank wine, and the ears were hot. The King of Qin asked the King of Zhao to play a drum for him to cheer him up, and the King of Zhao played.Lin Xiangru also asked the king of Qin to beat the earthen basin to cheer up, but the king of Qin refused.Lin Xiangru said sharply: "Within five steps, I can splash the king with blood!" The guards around King Qin wanted to kill Lin Xiangru, but Lin Xiangru glared and shouted, and the people around him flinched.King Qin had no choice but to knock on the crockpot reluctantly.Until the end of the banquet, Qin State still failed to do anything wrong with Zhao State.Coupled with the fact that the people of Zhao State had already prepared their troops for defense, Qin State did not dare to act rashly after all.

After King Zhao returned home smoothly, he granted Lin Xiangru the title of Shangqing, a higher status than General Lian Po.Lian Po was dissatisfied and said: "As a general of the Zhao State, I have made great achievements in attacking cities and conquering territories, but Lin Xiangru was originally a low-level commoner, and he ranked above me just by talking about it. I feel very ashamed and unwilling to be inferior to him! " Then he declared to others: "When I meet Lin Xiangru, I must humiliate him face to face!" After Lin Xiangru knew about it, he avoided meeting him.Whenever he went to court, he often claimed that he was sick and did not compete with Lian Po for ranking.When going out, he saw Lian Po's car driving from a distance, so he avoided his own car and hid it.Lin Xiangru's disciples were all ashamed of this.But Lin Xiangru said to them: "How do you think the majesty of General Lian compares with that of King Qin?" They all replied, "No comparison." Lin Xiangru said: "Facing the majestic King Qin, I dare to scold him in his court. He humiliated his courtiers. Although I, Lin Xiangru, am stupid, am I afraid of General Lian alone? I think that the reason why the tyrannical Qin State dare not invade Zhao State is because it fears that I am with General Lian. Now we When two tigers fight, there is bound to be an injury. The reason why I avoid it is to consider the interests of the country first and put personal grievances behind!" Lian Po was very ashamed when he heard these words, and he was naked from the upper body. Jing Tiao personally went to Lin Xiangru's house to plead guilty, and the two became life-and-death friends from then on.

[Comment and Analysis]

In the late Warring States period, Qin State had become the most powerful among the vassal states, successively conquering large areas of Chu, Wei, Han and other countries.At that time, because Zhao Guo had a few good generals who were good at fighting and guarding the border, they constantly resisted the invasion of the Qin army, which made the Qin army's ambition to destroy the Zhao country repeatedly frustrated.The most famous ones here are Lian Po and Lin Xiangru.With one piece of paper and one weapon, they worked together to prevent Qin's plan to occupy Zhao from succeeding.

Battle of Changping
[Original text]

The 55th year of King Zhou Nan

The eldest son of Qin Zuo, Wang He, attacked Shangdang and pulled him out.Shangdang people go to Zhao.Zhao Lianpo's army was in Changping, according to the Shangdang people.Wang Yan attacked Zhao because of his attack.

Qin Shu defeated Zhao Bing, and Lian Po stood firm.Zhao Wang was more timid and did not fight because he had suffered a lot of losses. He was angry and gave way.Ying Hou also sent a thousand gold coins to Zhao Weifan, saying: "The only thing Qin fears is Zhao Kuo, the son of Ma Fujun, as the general's ear! Lian Po is easy to deal with, and he will surrender!" Zhao Wang then replaced Zhao Kuo as the general.Lin Xiangru said: "The king uses his name to envoy Kuo, like a stick of glue. Kuo disciples can read his father's biography, but they don't know how to change." The king refused to listen.

At the beginning, Zhao Kuo learned the art of war since he was young, and thought that there was nothing in the world. He tried to talk extravagantly about military affairs with his father, extravagant can not be difficult, but it is not good.Kuo's mother asked why, and she said extravagantly: "Soldiers are dead, but Kuo is easy to say. It is enough to make Zhao not general Kuo; if he must be defeated, he who defeats Zhao's army must be general." When Kuo will go, his mother When you write a letter, words cannot be used.The king said: "Why?" Confrontation: "The first concubine served his father, and at that time he was a general. The number of people who served food on their bodies was counted by tens, and the number of friends was counted by hundreds. Those who were rewarded by the king and the clan were given to the army. Officials and officials; on the day they are ordered, they don’t ask about family affairs. Once Kuo becomes a general and goes to court in Dongxiang, no military official dares to look up to him; the gold and silk given by the king are stored at home, and those who can buy farms and houses can buy them as they see convenience. The king thinks that he is like his father, father and son have different opinions, and I hope the king will not send him away!" The king said: "If the mother puts it, I have decided it!" The mother said: "If there is any disrespect, please do not sit with me." King Zhao Xu Zhi.

【Translation】

The 55th year of King Zhou Nan (260 BC)
Qin State sent Zuo Shuzhang Wang Qian to lead troops to attack Shangdang. After the attack, the people of Shangdang were forced to flee to Zhao State.Zhao Guo then sent Lian Po and his army to garrison Changping to meet the fleeing people from Shangdang.Wang Yan then sent his troops to crusade against Zhao Guo.

The Qin army repeatedly defeated the Zhao army, and Lian Po ordered Zhao soldiers to defend the city firmly.Zhao Wang thought that Lian Po was more timid after suffering heavy losses, and did not dare to fight. When he was angry, he reprimanded him many times.At this time, Yinghou Fanju sent someone to bring a thousand pieces of gold to Zhao Guo to implement countermeasures, spreading rumors everywhere: "The only thing Qin fears is Zhao Kuo, the son of Ma Fujun Zhao She, who is a general. Lian Po is very easy to deal with, and he is also I'm about to surrender!" King Zhao soon fell for the trick and appointed Zhao Kuo to replace Lian Po as a general.Lin Xiangru dissuaded him: "Your Majesty reused Zhao Kuo because of his fame. This is like playing the qin with the strings attached to it! Zhao Kuo only knew how to read his father's military books to death, but didn't know how to adapt to the situation on the battlefield. "The king of Zhao didn't listen.

At the beginning, when Zhao Kuo was studying the art of war from a young age, he thought that no one in the world could compare with him; he once discussed the art of war with his father Zhao She, and Zhao She couldn't help him, but he still refused to say that he was talented.Zhao Kuo's mother asked why, and Zhao She said: "Leading troops in battle is to do things with your head up, but Zhao Kuo talks easily. Zhao Guo doesn't need him as a general. If he must be used, then Zhao Kuo will be destroyed." The army must be Zhao Kuo." When Zhao Kuo was about to leave, his mother wrote to the king of Zhao, specifying that Zhao Kuo could not be reused.Zhao Wang asked: "Why?" Zhao's mother replied: "When I served Zhao Kuo's father, when he was a general, there were dozens of soldiers and hundreds of his friends who went to entertain them with their rice bowls. Your Majesty and He distributed all the rewards given to him by the noble clan to his officers and soldiers; since the day he accepted the order, he no longer interfered with family affairs. As soon as Zhao Kuo became a general, he sat facing the east and accepted worship. No one, big or small, dared to Look up at him; the gold, silver and silk that the king rewarded him all moved home and hid them. Every day, he was busy checking where there was good land and beautiful houses to buy. You think he is like his father, but in fact Their father and son are two people with very different ideas, and I hope that the king will never send him!" Zhao Wang said: "Don't talk about it, old lady, I have already made up my mind!" Zhao Kuo's mother said: "In case Zhao Kuo gets out What's wrong, I beg your majesty not to implicate me in the punishment." Zhao Wang agreed to her request.

[Original text]

When King Qin heard that Kuo was General Zhao, Naiyin made Lord Wu An the top general and Wang Yan the assistant general, ordering the army: "Any general who dares to betray Lord Wu An will be executed!" , sent troops to attack the Qin division.Lord Wu An pretended to be defeated and left, but Zhang Erqi's soldiers robbed him.Zhao Kuo took advantage of the victory to build Qin Bi, but Bi Jian refused to enter; after 5000 odd soldiers killed Zhao's army, [-] horsemen drove away Zhao Bijian.The Zhao army was divided into two, and the food supply was exhausted.Lord Wu'an sent light soldiers to attack him, Zhao Zhan was at a disadvantage, because he built a wall and stood firm to wait for rescue.

The king of Qin heard that Zhao Shidao was absolutely dead, so he learned about Changping when he was over [-] years old in Hanoi, and blocked Zhao's rescue soldiers and food.The people of Qi and Chu rescued Zhao.The people of Zhao are short of food, please ask Su Yuqi, and Wang Fu Xu.Zhou Zi said: "Husband Zhao is in Qi and Chu, and defending him is like having lips. If the lips are lost, the teeth will be cold; if Zhao is destroyed today, Qi and Chu will be affected tomorrow. The task of saving Zhao is better if it is leaked." The urn is fertile and scorched. If you save Zhao, you will be high righteousness; but Qin Shi will be famous; righteousness will save the country, but it will strengthen Qin. If you don’t love millet for this, it’s too much for the country’s plan!" King Fu of Qi listen.

In September, Zhao Jun died for 46 days, and all of them were killed by the inner yin.Come to attack the base in a hurry, and want to go out as four teams, four or five times, but can't go out.Zhao Kuo sent out sharp soldiers to fight, and the Qin people shot and killed him.The Zhao division was defeated, and all 40 soldiers surrendered.

(End of this chapter)