Zi Zhi Tong Jian

Chapter 5 Zhou Ji's three divisions (4)
【Translation】

The second year of King Zhou Nan (313 BC)
The king of Qin wanted to conquer Qi, but considering that Qi and Chu had a mutual aid treaty, he sent Zhang Yi to Chu first.Zhang Yi said to the King of Chu: "If Your Majesty listens to my advice and breaks the covenant with Qi and severes diplomatic relations, I can offer Chu the land of six hundred miles of Shangyu, and let the beauties of Qin serve you as concubines and maidservants. Chu and Chu will marry each other, and we will be brothers in the future." The king of Chu was very happy and agreed to Zhang Yi's suggestion.All the ministers came to congratulate, only Chen Zhen expressed his condolences.The king of Chu was furious, and asked, "I won six hundred miles of land without dispatching a single soldier. Why is it not worth celebrating?" Chen Zhen replied, "It's not what you think. In my opinion, Shang Yu's land will not be worth celebrating." If you get it, but Qi and Qin will unite, then Chu will face disaster." The king of Chu asked: "Why do you say that?" Chen Zhen replied: "The reason why Qin attaches great importance to Chu is because We have Qi as an ally. If we break the contract with Qi now, then Chu will be isolated. How can Qin give a land of [-] miles to Shangyu to an isolated and helpless country? Zhang Yi will definitely return to Qin I will break my promise to you. At that time, Your Majesty will break off diplomatic relations with Qi State in the north, and enmity will arise with Qin State in the west. Qi and Qin will definitely join forces to attack. For your majesty's sake, why don't we secretly reconcile with Qi State? On the surface, we broke off diplomatic relations, and sent people to Qin State with Zhang Yi. If the land is really ceded to us, it will not be too late for us to break off diplomatic relations with Qi State." The king of Chu said angrily: "Shut up, stop talking nonsense, just watch Let me know how to take over the land of six hundred miles!" The king of Chu gave Zhang Yi the Great Seal of the Prime Minister, and rewarded him heavily, and then ordered to break off diplomatic relations with Qi, and sent a general to follow Zhang Yi to Qin.

[Original text]

Zhang Yi pretends to fall into the car and does not go to March.When the king of Chu heard about it, he said, "Isn't it evil to use a widow to kill Qi?" So the warrior Song borrowed a talisman from the Song Dynasty and scolded the king of Qi in the north.The king of Qi was furious, and broke the festival to serve Qin, and Qi and Qin merged.When Zhang Yi was in the court, he saw the envoy of Chu and said, "Why don't you accept the land? From XX to XX, it is six miles long." The envoy was angry and reported it to the king of Chu.The king of Chu was furious and wanted to send troops to attack Qin.Chen Zhen said: "Can Zhen speak out? It is better to attack Qi because of bribery and join forces with him. I will lose the land to Qin and take compensation from Qi. Now the king is no longer in Qi." And to blame Qin for bullying is the soldiers of the world who came from our alliance with Qin and Qi, and the country will be greatly injured!" The king of Chu refused to listen, and ordered Qu Gai to attack Qin.Qin also sent troops to send Shu Changzhang to attack him.

In the spring of the third year of King Zhou Nan, the Qin division and the Chu division fought in Danyang.The king of Chu sent out domestic troops to attack Qin again, and fought in Lantian, where the Chu army was defeated.Han and Wei heard of the difficulties of Chu, and attacked Chu in the south, reaching Deng.When the people of Chu heard about it, they led their troops back and cut off two cities to make peace with Qin.

【Translation】

After returning to China, Zhang Yi pretended to fall from the car and did not go to court for three consecutive months.When the king of Chu heard about it, he said to himself: "Does Zhang Yi think that I have not broken the relationship with the Qi State thoroughly?" So he sent the warrior Song Yi to borrow the talisman of Song State, and went to the north of Qi State to insult the King of Qi.King Qi was furious, and immediately lowered his status to please Qin State, and Qin State made friends with Qi State.At this time, Zhang Yi went to court, and when he saw the envoy of Chu State, he asked, "Why don't you accept the ceded land? From somewhere to somewhere, the radius is more than six miles." The envoy returned to the country angrily and reported to the king of Chu, who was furious. He was angry and prepared to send troops to attack Qin.Chen Zhen said: "Can I speak up? To attack Qin is better than buying Qin with the price of a big city, and then join forces with Qin to attack Qi. In this way, we can gain land from Qin and gain it from Qi." Compensation. Now that you have broken off diplomatic relations with Qi State, and you are going to reprimand Qin State for its deceitful behavior, this is exactly what we are doing to promote the reconciliation of Qin and Qi, and to recruit the world's troops. Chu State will definitely suffer a big loss!" King Chu Still ignoring his advice, he sent Qu Gai to lead an army to attack Qin, and Qin appointed Wei Zhang as the commander-in-chief to fight against Qin.

In the spring of the third year of King Zhou Nan (312 BC), the armies of Qin and Chu fought in Danyang. The Chu army was defeated and 70 soldiers were killed. The official was captured, and the Qin army captured Hanzhong County.The king of Chu conscripted all the troops in the country to attack Qin again.The two sides fought a decisive battle in Lantian, and the Chu army was defeated again.Han Guo and Wei Guo saw that Chu State was in danger, so they also attacked Chu State in the south and went straight to Deng.After the Chu army heard about it, they quickly led their troops back to rescue, and ceded the two cities to ask Qin for peace.

[Original text]

The fourth year of King Zhou Nan.King Hui of Qin sent someone to tell King Huai of Chu, please use the land outside Wuguan to change to the middle of Guizhou.The king of Chu said: "I don't want to change the land, but I would like to get Zhang Yi and offer the land in central Guizhou." Zhang Yi heard that, please go.The king said: "The general of Chu is willing to be willing to his son, what can he do?" Zhang Yi said: "Qin is strong and Chu is weak, and the king is here. It is not appropriate for Chu to dare to take subjects. And the minister is good at his concubine Jin Shang. Jin Shang is lucky to be concubine Zheng Xiu. All the kings will listen to the words of the sleeves." So he went.The king of Chu is in prison and will kill him.Jin Shang called Zheng Xiu and said: "The King of Qin loves Zhang Yi so much, and he will redeem the six counties of Shangyong and the beauties. The king respects Qin very much, and the daughter of Qin must be noble, but his wife reprimands her." So Zheng Xiu cried day and night to the King of Chu and said: "My lord Each is the master's ear. If Zhang Yi is killed today, Qin will be furious. I ask the mother and son to move to the south of the Yangtze River, and they will not be fished by Qin!" Wang Nai pardoned Zhang Yi and gave him a generous gift.

Zhang Yiyin said to the king of Chu, "A husband who is a servant is no different from driving a flock of sheep and attacking a tiger. It is not clear. Today the king does not care about Qin. If Qin robs Han and drives Liang to attack Chu, then Chu is in danger. Qin Xi There are Ba and Shu, where the boats accumulate millet, float down the Minjiang River, travel more than [-] miles a day, and refuse to defend the pass in less than ten days, and guard the pass from the east of the border. It is not the king's existence. Qin Ju Jia left Wuguan, and the north was destroyed. Qin's army attacked Chu, and the danger was within three months, while Chu waited for the rescue of the princes within half a year. When the husband waited for the rescue of a weak country, forget The calamity of strengthening Qin, this minister is the king's trouble. The king is sincerely able to listen to the minister, and I ask Qin and Chu to be a country of brothers, and they will not attack each other." The king of Chu has won Zhang Yi and returned to the middle of Guizhou, so he promised Of.

【Translation】

The fourth year of King Zhou Nan (311 BC).King Qin Hui sent someone to inform King Huai of Chu that he wanted to exchange places other than Wuguan for central Guizhou.The king of Chu said: "I don't want to exchange land. I just want to exchange the land in central Guizhou for Zhang Yi." After Zhang Yi heard about it, he asked the king of Qin for his consent.The king of Qin asked suspiciously: "The king of Chu is willing to kill you. Why do you still want to go?" Zhang Yi said: "Qin is strong, but Chu is weak. As long as you are here, the king of Chu will not kill me. And I and I Jin Shang, the favorite minister of the King of Chu, has a close relationship with him, and Jin Shang also serves Zheng Xiu, the concubine of the King of Chu, and the King of Chu will listen to what Zheng Xiu says." Then he happily went to the Kingdom of Chu.The king of Chu put Zhang Yi in prison and was about to execute him.Jin Shang said to Zheng Xiu: "The King of Qin loves Zhang Yi very much, and wants to redeem him with six counties including Shangyong and a group of beauties. Your Majesty not only values ​​the city, but also respects the State of Qin. Then, the beauties from the State of Qin will definitely be favored in the future." At that time, you will definitely be left out." So Zheng Xiu cried and begged in front of the King of Chu day and night: "What happened back then was just that the ministers were their own masters. Now that Zhang Yi is killed, Qin will be furious. I beg to let We, mother and son, first move to the south of the Yangtze River, and don't become fish under the sword of Qin!" Afterwards, the king of Chu pardoned Zhang Yi and treated him with generous gifts.

Zhang Yi persuaded the king of Chu: "Advocating the joint resistance of all countries against Qin is like driving a flock of sheep to attack a tiger. It is not at all fighting. Now the king refuses to obey the king of Qin. If Qin forces South Korea and drives Wei to jointly attack Chu Chu State and Chu State are in danger. There are Ba and Shu in the west of Qin State. They prepare boats to accumulate food and go down the Minjiang River. They can travel more than 500 miles a day, and it takes less than ten days to be able to defend the pass. Once defended The pass was alarmed, and all cities east of it must be strictly guarded, and Qianzhong and Wujun will no longer belong to you, Your Majesty. If the Qin State sends troops to attack Wuguan, then the northern part of the Chu State will become Jedi. Qin soldiers will attack Chu State again. Chu State will survive for at most three months, and it will take more than half a year to wait for the rescue of other countries. Waiting for those weak countries to come to rescue, and forgetting the attack of strong Qin, I am very sorry for you, King What you are doing now is worrying! If your majesty can sincerely accept my suggestion, I can make Chu and Qin forever brothers and stop all wars." Although the king of Chu has already obtained Zhang Yi, he still attaches great importance to the land in the middle of Guizhou. He refused to exchange this place, so he agreed to Zhang Yi's suggestion and let him leave.

[Original text]

The 12th year of King Zhou Nan.Qi, Han, and Wei took Chu as their relatives and joined forces to attack Chu.The king of Chu asked the prince to ask for help from Qin as a hostage.Qin Keqing sent troops to rescue Chu, and the Three Kingdoms led troops to go.

King Zhou Nan was 13 years old.King Qin, King Wei, and Crown Prince Han will meet in Linjin, and Crown Prince Han will return to Xianyang; Qin Fu and Wei Puban.Doctor Qin had a private fight with the Crown Prince of Chu, and the Crown Prince killed him and returned home.

The 14th year of King Zhou Nan.Qin Shu Chang Huan gathered Han, Wei, and Qi soldiers to attack Chu, defeated his division in Chongqiu, and killed his general Tang Mei; then he took Chongqiu.

The 16th year of King Zhou Nan.The people of Qin conquered Chu and took eight cities.The king of Qin left a letter to the king of Chu, saying: "At the beginning, the widow and the king were brothers. They were allied with Huangji, and the prince was taken hostage, and they were very happy. The mausoleum of the prince killed the important minister of the widow, and died without thanking him. The widow was so angry that the soldiers invaded. On the side of the king. Now I heard that the king ordered the crown prince to be hostage to Qi in order to seek peace. The widow is connected with Chu and has a blind date. Now that Qin and Chu are not happy, there is no way to make the princes. The widow is willing to meet with the king at Wuguan and meet face to face. It is the wish of the widow to form an alliance!"

【Translation】

The 12th year of King Zhou Nan (303 BC).Qi, Han, Wei and other countries sent troops to attack Chu because Chu violated the covenant of uniting and vertically resisting Qin.The king of Chu sent Prince Heng as a hostage to Qin to ask for help.The Qin State sent a Keqing named Tong to lead troops to reinforce Chu State, and the Allied Forces of the Three Kingdoms withdrew their troops.

The 13th year of King Zhou Nan (302 BC).King Qin, King Wei, and Crown Prince Han Ying met in Linjin. (After the meeting) Crown Prince Han Ying made a detour to Xianyang in Qin State before returning to South Korea; Qin State returned Puban in Wei State.A doctor of the state of Qin had a fight with the prince Heng of the state of Chu in private. The prince Heng took the opportunity to kill him and fled back to the state of Chu.

The 14th year of King Zhou Nan (301 BC).The Qin State sent a general named Huan to unite Han, Wei, and Qi to send troops to conquer Chu. As a result, they defeated the Chu army in Chongqiu, killed the Chu general Tang Mei, and occupied Chongqiu.

In the 16th year of King Zhou Nan (299 BC), the State of Qin sent troops to conquer the State of Chu and captured eight cities.The king of Qin sent a letter to the king of Chu, which said: "At the beginning, I made an appointment with you to form a brotherly state, and I swore an oath in the Yellow Thorn League, and sent the prince to Qin as a hostage. The relationship between the two sides is harmonious. Who knows the prince Heng killed my important minister and fled back to Chu secretly. I was very angry about this, so I sent troops to attack your border. Now I heard that you sent Prince Heng to Qi as a hostage and asked for reconciliation. My Qin It is adjacent to your state of Chu, and you have become a family. If the relationship between Qin and Chu deteriorates, you will not be able to give orders to other countries. I hope to meet with you in Wuguan, make an oath in person, and form an alliance. This is what I am true desire!"

[Original text]

The king of Chu was suffering from it. He wanted to go, but he was afraid of being deceived. If he didn't want to go, he was afraid that Qin would be angry.Zhao Sui said: "Don't go, but send troops to guard your ears! Qin, tigers and wolves, have the heart to unite with the princes, and it is unbelievable!" Zilan, the son of King Huai, persuaded the king to go, and the king entered Qin.The king of Qin ordered a general to pretend to be the king, ambush Wuguan, and when the king of Chu came, he retreated and robbed him, and he went to the west to Xianyang, Chaozhangtai, like a courtier, to cut off witches and Qianzhong counties.The king of Chu wanted an alliance, and the king of Qin wanted to get the land first.The king of Chu said angrily: "Qin lied to me and forced me to take the land!" Because they refused to accept it, the Qin people kept it.

King Zhou Nan was 18 years old.King Huai of Chu died and returned.The Qin people felt it and covered the way of Chu.King Huai went to Zhao through the middle way.Master Zhao's father is on his behalf, and Zhao people dare not accept it.King Huai will go to Wei, and the people of Qin will follow him and return.

In the 19th year, King Huai of Chu fell ill and died in Qin, and the people of Qin returned to him for funeral.Everyone in Chu pitied him, just like mourning relatives.The princes did not direct Qin.

【Translation】

The king of Chu was very worried. If he went, he was afraid of falling into a trap; if he didn't go, he was afraid that Qin would be even more angry.Minister Zhao Sui said: "Your Majesty can't go, you should quickly dispatch troops to defend the city! Qin is a country of tigers and wolves, and has long had ambitions to annex other countries. You must not trust them!" King Huai's son Zi Lan advised King Huai Going to the appointment, so King Huai went to Qin.The King of Qin asked a general to pretend to be himself, and set up an ambush at Wuguan. When King Huai of Chu arrived, he immediately closed the door and took him to Xianyang in the west. The etiquette of the envoys, and forced King Huai to cede Wu County and Qianzhong County to Qin State.King Huai demanded fulfillment of the oath, but King Qin insisted that Chu State hand over the land first.King Huai of Chu angrily reprimanded him: "The King of Qin lied to me and wanted to force me to cede the land!" So he no longer agreed.The state of Qin detained him.

The 18th year of King Zhou Nan (297 BC).King Huai of Chu escaped from Qin.As a result, the people of Qin State found out, so they blocked all the roads leading to Chu State.King Huai of Chu had no choice but to flee to the State of Zhao by a small road.At that time, Master Zhao's father went out to Dai County, and the officials of Zhao State did not dare to take him in on their own.King Huai of Chu wanted to flee to the State of Wei again, but was caught up by the people of Qin State and captured back to Qin State.

The 19th year of King Zhou Nan (296 BC).King Huai of Chu fell ill suddenly and died in Qin State. Qin State sent his coffin back to Chu State.The people of Chu State were very sad when they saw it, as if their relatives had died.Therefore, the princes of various countries also began to be dissatisfied with Qin.

[Comment and Analysis]

The period of King Huai of Chu in the State of Chu was the period when the heroes of the Warring States period fought fiercely for hegemony.Qin showed obvious advantages in these wars, so the various vassal states joined forces to deal with Qin many times, which was called "Hezong" in history.The Qin State tried every means to destroy the alliance of other vassal states, and worked hard to establish a union between itself and a single vassal, which was called "Lianheng" in history.King Huai of Chu was defeated in the battle, and he himself died in Qin.The people of Chu State were very sad and indignant. This is where the saying "Although Chu has three families, Qin must die if Chu" comes from this, which means that even if there are only three families left in Chu State, they vowed to destroy Qin State.

Hu Fu riding and shooting
[Original text]

Eighth year of King Nan of Zhou

King Wuling of Zhao went north to the land of Zhongshan, to the house, and then to Dai, to the north to Infinity, to the west to the river, and to the top of Huanghua.He and Fei Yimou Hu Fu rode and shot to teach the people, saying: "The fool laughs, the sage sees it. Although the world laughs at me, I will have the barbarian land and Zhongshan!" So Hu Fu.

The people of the country don't want it, and the son Cheng said he was sick and didn't go to court.The king asked someone to say: "The family listens to the relatives, and the country listens to the king. Today, the widow is easy to obey when teaching, but the father-in-law is not. I am afraid that the world will criticize myself. The rule of the country is constant, and the people are the foundation; in politics, there is the classics, and the order In terms of behavior. Mingde first discusses lowliness, and politics first trusts nobleness, so I hope to admire the uncle's righteousness and make Hufu's merits." Gongzi Cheng paid homage to Jishou and said: "I have heard of China, and the sages have taught me. Rituals and music are used, what is seen from afar is also practiced, and what is practiced by barbarians is also effective. Today, the king abandons this and inherits the clothes from afar, changing the way of the past, and rebelling against the heart of the people. I hope the king will learn it!" The messenger! in return.

【Translation】

The eighth year of King Zhou Nan (307 BC)
King Zhao Wuling conquered Zhongshan Kingdom in the north, and the army passed through the house city and came to Daidi, then went north to Infinity in the desert, attacked west to the Yellow River, and climbed to the peak of Huanghua.He discussed with his minister Fei Yi that he wanted the people to wear barbarian short clothes and learn how to ride horses and shoot arrows. He only heard him say: "Stupid people will laugh at my actions, but smart people can understand. Even if the whole world Even if you laugh at me, I will not give up, I believe that I will be able to take the territory of the Hu people in the north and the Zhongshan Kingdom as my own!" So he took the lead in changing to Hu clothes.

(End of this chapter)