Zi Zhi Tong Jian

Chapter 4 Zhou Ji's three divisions (3)
The 29th year of King Xian of Zhou (340 BC).Shang Yang said to Qin Xiaogong: "The relationship between Qin State and Wei State is like a person with a serious problem. Either Wei State annexed Qin State, or Qin State annexed Wei State. Why do you say this? Because there are dangerous mountains and evil mountains to the east of Wei State. Ling, established its capital in Anyi City, bordered by the Yellow River with Qin State, and obtained favorable terrain to the east of Xiaoshan Mountain alone. When it was strong, it invaded Qin State westward, and when it was in distress, it shrank eastward to protect itself. Now Qin State Under your wise leadership, the country is becoming stronger and stronger, and Wei State was defeated by Qi State last year, and all countries have reneged on their alliance with it. We can take this opportunity to attack Wei State. Wei State cannot resist and must retreat to the east. At that time The Qin State occupied the dangerous points of the Yellow River and the Xiaoshan Mountains, and could subdue all the vassal states in the east, and established the great cause of hegemony." Qin Xiaogong followed Shang Yang's suggestion and sent him to lead the army to attack the Wei State. The general came to meet him.

[Original text]

Since the armies were separated, Wei Yang left a letter to his son An, saying: "I have been happy with you since the beginning, and now we are both generals of the two countries. I can't bear to attack each other. I can meet with you and make an alliance. I am happy to drink and stop the army, so as to comfort the people of Qin and Wei. "Young Master Ang thinks so, so he joins the alliance.Already drunk.And Wei Yang Fu Jiashi attacked the captive son An, and because of attacking the Wei division, he was defeated.King Hui of Wei was afraid, so he sent an envoy to offer the land of Hexi to Qin Yihe.Because of going to Anyi, the capital moved to Daliang.Nai sighed and said, "I hate not to use my uncle's words!"

Qin Feng Wei Yang Shang in the fifteenth city, the name is Shangjun.

King Zhou Xian was 31 years old.Qin Xiaogong died, and his son Huiwen Wang Li, the son of the godly disciples told the Shang monarch that he wanted to rebel, and sent officials to arrest him.Shang Jun died in Wei.The Wei people did not accept it, and returned to the Qin State.Shang Jun and his disciples, Shang Yu, sent troops north to attack Zheng.The people of Qin attacked Shang Jun, killed him, tore his chariots apart, and wiped out his family.

In the early days, when the ruler of Shang met Qin, he used harsh methods. He tried to talk about prisoners near the Wei River, and the Wei River was completely red.For ten years, many people complain about it.Zhao Liang saw Shang Jun, and Shang Jun asked: "My son sees me governing Qin, which one is worse than the five great officials?" Zhao Liang said: "A thousand people's promises are not as good as a person's swearing. Please be honest all day long. Execution, is it possible?" Shang Jun said, "No."

【Translation】

When the two armies confronted each other, Shang Yang sent someone to send a letter to the young master, writing: "I had a good relationship with the young master back then, and now we are both generals of the two armies. I can't bear to attack and kill each other. I want to swear an alliance with each other after meeting, drink and go back to the country. so that Qin and Wei will live in peace and harmony in the future." Young Master Ang believed it to be true, so he came to the meeting.The oath between the two parties ended, and when they were drinking, Shang Yang's soldiers who had ambushed in advance rushed out, captured Gongzi An, and took advantage of the momentum to attack the Wei army, causing them to be defeated.When King Hui of Wei heard the news of the defeat, he was very frightened, and sent someone to donate the land west of the Yellow River to Qin for peace.After that, he left Anyi and moved his capital to Daliang.At this time, he said angrily: "I really regret that I didn't listen to Gong Shucuo and killed Gongsun Yang!" The state of Qin granted Shang Yang [-] towns in Shang and Yu, and named them Shangjun.

The 31st year of King Zhou Xian (338 BC).After Qin Xiaogong's death, his son ascended the throne as King Qin Huiwen.Because Gong Ziqian's subordinates accused Shang Yang of rebellion, they sent officials to arrest him.Shang Yang fled to the state of Wei in a hurry, but the people of the state of Wei refused to accept him and sent him back to the state of Qin.Shang Yang had no choice but to come to the fief Shangyu with his disciples, and raised troops to attack Zheng Guo in the north.Qin's army attacked Shang Yang, beheaded him, dismembered his chariot, and killed his whole family.

In the beginning, when Shang Yang was Prime Minister of Qin State, he enacted extremely harsh laws. He once executed criminals in Wei River, and the blood flowed so that the river turned red.He served as the prime minister for ten years, which caused resentment from many people.Once, Zhao Liang came to see Shang Yang, and Shang Yang asked him, "Who do you think is better for me to govern the Qin State, or Baili Xi, the Wuguan doctor?" Allow me to express all my opinions, and you don't blame me, can you?" Shang Yang said: "Okay!"

[Original text]

Zhao Liang said: "The five officials are the humble ones of Jing. The Duke Mu is under the bull's mouth and above the common people. The state of Qin dare not look forward to it. In the sixth and seventh year of Qin Dynasty, he attacked Zheng in the east and set up the king of Jin three times. One saves the misfortune of Jing. He is a prime minister. He does not sit in a car when he is tired, and he does not open his cover in the summer. He travels in the country, does not ride in a car, and does not engage in fighting. Five doctors died, men and women in Qin State shed tears, boys did not sing songs, and pounded Those who don't fight with each other. The king's opinion today is that he is the master of the Jingjian. He has been in politics, and he has harassed the family and maimed the people. It has been eight years since the son Qiandu went out of the house. The king killed Zhu Huan and tattooed Gongsun Jia. "Poetry" said: "Those who win people prosper, and those who lose people collapse." This number is not the reason for winning people. When the king comes out, the rear car is armored. But those who wield the halberd tend to the chariot. If this thing is not possessed, the king will never come out. "Book" says: "Those who rely on virtue will prosper, and those who rely on strength will perish." This number does not rely on virtue. The danger of the king is like the morning dew. , but he is still greedy for the wealth of the merchants, favoring the government of the Qin State, and the grievances of the common people. Once the King of Qin donates guests and does not establish a dynasty, the reason why the Qin State accepts the king is so small!" Shang Jun resigned.It's hard to live in May.

【Translation】

Zhao Liang said frankly: "Baili Xi, the doctor of Wuguan, was originally a countryman in Chu State. Qin Mugong promoted him from a lowly cowherd to the top of all people. His status is unmatched. In the six or seven years of the Prime Minister of the State, he crusaded against the State of Zheng in the east. He supported the King of the State of Jin three times and saved the State of Chu from danger once. Umbrella. He inspected the country, and he never had many horses and chariots, and he did not wield swords. When he died, all men, women and children in Qin State cried bitterly, and even the children did not sing songs in sorrow. I no longer sing ballads about the pounding and pestle, so that I consciously abide by the funeral rites. Come to see you now, you were able to meet the king of Qin only by making friends with the king’s favorite minister, Jingjian. People. It has been eight years since Gongziqian was forced to stay behind closed doors. You killed Zhu Huan and stabbed Gongsun Jia in the face. It is said in the "Book of Songs": "He who wins the hearts of the people prospers, and those who lose the hearts of the people perish." You are not very popular with the above-mentioned things. When you go out, you are followed by a large number of vehicles, guarded by Kong Wu's powerful guards, and warriors with spears and halberds galloping beside the vehicles. These defensive measures are missing one thing, You must not dare to go out. "Shangshu" said: "Those who rely on benevolence will prosper, and those who rely on violence will perish." The above-mentioned things are not convincing people with virtue. Your dangerous situation is like the morning dew. It will disappear soon, but you are still greedy for Shang Yu’s rich income, and you are arbitrarily doing things in Qin State, accumulating the resentment of the people. Once Qin Wang abandons his guests and cannot be in power, will Qin State want to revenge you? Will there be fewer crimes?” Shang Yang He did not follow Zhao Liang's advice.Five months later catastrophe struck.

[Comment and Analysis]

Shang Yang's original surname was changed to Gongsun. He was a rare talent, but he was not reused in Weiguo.After coming to Qin State, Qin Xiaogong was eager to change the backward state of Qin State, so he opened up his voice, and Shang Yang was reused and started his reform.Because of the reforms, Qin was governed so that the roads were not picked up, the army was strong and the people were rich, but Shang Yang himself was executed because of the reforms.His new law was successful, Qin became stronger, and finally unified the six countries at the end of the Warring States Period.

Wei Wei and Zhao Zhao
[Original text]

Zhou Xianwang's 16th year
At the beginning, Sun Bin and Pang Juan both studied the art of war.Pang Juan served Wei as a general, and he thought he was inferior to Sun Bin, so he called him.When it comes to it, the two feet are cut off by the law and tattooed, intending to make it discarded for life.The envoy of Qi came to Wei, and Sun Bin told the envoy of Qi that he had seen the criminals.The envoy of Qi stole it and went with him.Tian Ji treated him kindly and hospitablely, as if he were a king of prestige.King Wei asked about the art of war, so he took it as his teacher.So King Wei conspired to save Zhao, and he took Sun Bin as his general, and said that the rest of the punishment would not be acceptable.He used Tian Ji as the general and Sun Tzu as the teacher, living in the cart and sitting in it as a strategy.

Tian Ji wanted to lead Zhao soldiers.Sun Tzu said: "Those who solve chaos and disputes do not control fists, and those who rescue fights do not fight. Criticism of excesses and falsehoods, and restraints of form and power are self-defense. Today, when Liang and Zhao are attacking each other, light soldiers and sharp soldiers will be exhausted." On the outside, the old and the weak are exhausted on the inside. If you don’t lead your troops to the capital of Wei in a hurry, occupy the streets and rush to the void, then he will release Zhao to save himself. I am the one who broke the siege of Zhao and took advantage of Wei Ye.” Tian Ji From it.In October, Handan fell to Wei.Wei Shi returned and fought with Qi in Guiling, Wei Shi was defeated.

King Zhou Xian was 28 years old.Wei Pangjuan attacked Han.Han please save Yu Qi.King Wei of Qi summoned his ministers and said: "Which one will save the fleas later?" Cheng Hou said: "It's better not to save them."

【Translation】

The 16th year of King Xian of Zhou (353 BC)
At first, Sun Bin and Pang Juan studied the art of war together.Pang Juan became a general in the state of Wei. He knew that he was not as good as Sun Bin, so he called Sun Bin to come to the state of Wei.As soon as Sun Bin arrived in the state of Wei, Pang Juan planned to cut off Sun Bin's feet and tattooed on his face, hoping to make him a disabled person for life.The envoy of the State of Qi was sent to the State of Wei, and Sun Bin met him in secret as a criminal being punished. He persuaded the envoy of the State of Qi, and the envoy of Qi secretly loaded Sun Bin in a cart and brought him back to the State of Qi.Tian Ji, a minister of the Qi State, regarded him as a guest of honour, and later introduced him to King Qi Wei.King Wei asked him about the art of war and asked him to be his teacher.At this time, King Qi Wei planned to send troops to rescue Zhao Guo, so he appointed Sun Bin as a general. Sun Bin resolutely refused because he was a disabled person. King Qi Wei changed Tian Ji as a general and Sun Bin as a military adviser. Make suggestions.

Tian Ji was about to lead his troops to Zhao. Sun Bin said: "To resolve the dispute between the two sides, you can't use your fists to break them apart, and you can't help one side to fight. You can only use the situation to take advantage of the situation and surprise. If the tense situation is imprisoned, it will naturally be lifted. Now The two countries are fighting fiercely. The best soldiers and good generals have come out. Only the old, weak, sick and disabled are left in the country. You might as well lead your troops to raid the capital of Wei State, occupy a favorable position, and attack the empty rear of Wei State. The Wei army will definitely give up attacking Zhao State. And return the soldiers to rescue. In this way, we can kill two birds with one stone. We can break the siege of Zhao and deal a severe blow to Wei." Tian Ji followed Sun Bin's plan.In October of the same year, Handan City of Zhao State surrendered to Wei State.And the Wei army hurried back to rescue the capital, and encountered a fierce battle with the Qi army in Guiling, and the Wei army was defeated.

The 28th year of King Zhou Xian (341 BC).Pang Juan of Wei State led troops to attack South Korea, and South Korea sent envoys to Qi State for help.King Qi Wei summoned his ministers to discuss, "Should we rescue them sooner or later?" Cheng Hou Zou Ji suggested, "It's better not to save them." Tian Ji disagreed, saying, "If we just sit idly by, South Korea will be better off." It will perish soon and be annexed by Wei State, it is better to send troops to rescue as soon as possible."

[Original text]

Sun Bin said: "Husband Han and Wei's soldiers saved them before they were harmed. It is my generation that Han received Wei's soldiers, and Gu Fan obeyed Han's orders. Moreover, Wei has the ambition to destroy the country. When Han sees his death, he must face the east and beat Qi. If you become close to Han and inherit the evils of Wei later, you will be able to gain a lot of money and be honored." The king said: "Good!" He sent Han's envoy secretly.Because of relying on Qi, Han was invincible in five battles, while the Eastern Wei State was in Qi.

Qi Yin raised an army and asked Tian Ji, Tian Ying, Tian Pan to lead him, with his grandson as his teacher, to save Han and go straight to the capital of Wei.When Pang Juan heard about it, he went to Han and returned.The Wei people dispatched troops in large numbers, with Prince Shen as the general and the Qi division as imperial guards.Sun Tzu said that Tian Ji said: "The soldiers of the three Jin Dynasties are brave and brave, but they are weak, and the same name is cowardly. Those who are good at fighting will use their strength to guide them." "The Art of War": "A hundred miles away is profitable, and a general is interested in fifty miles. The army is halfway there.'" So the army of Qi entered Wei to make [-] stoves, tomorrow [-] stoves, and tomorrow [-] stoves.Pang Juan walked for three days, and said with great joy: "I know that the Qi army is cowardly. After entering our land for three days, more than half of the soldiers will die!"The grandson went on his trip, and arrived at Maling in the evening.Maling Road is narrow and has many obstacles on the sides, so soldiers can be ambushed.It was a big tree, and he wrote it in white: "Pang Juan died under this tree!" So he ordered Qi Shi, who was good at archers, to lie down on the road, expecting to see the fire at dusk and shoot them all.Pang Juanguo went to the tree at night, saw the white book, and lit it with a candle.Before the reading was finished, all crossbows were fired, and Wei Shi was lost in chaos.Pang Juan knew that Zhiqiong's army was defeated, so he said to himself, "So he became the name of Shuzi!" Qi Yin took advantage of the victory to defeat the Wei army and captured Prince Shen.

【Translation】

But Sun Bin said: "The morale of the Korean and Wei armies is now high. We went to the rescue. In fact, we took the blow of Wei on behalf of South Korea. On the contrary, it seemed that we were obeying South Korea. This time, Wei has the ambition to annex South Korea. When South Korea feels that the country's subjugation is imminent, it will definitely appeal to the east of Qi State. At that time, we will send troops again. On the one hand, we can deepen our close relationship with South Korea, and on the other hand, we can take advantage of the weakness of Wei's army to deal a severe blow. It kills two birds with one stone, gaining both fame and fortune." King Wei of Qi said, "Well said!" So he secretly agreed to the South Korean envoy's plea for help, let him go back first, but did not send troops for a long time.Relying on the support of the state of Qi, South Korea resisted vigorously, but ended in failure after five wars, and had no choice but to pin all the country's hopes on the state of Qi.

At this time, Qi State sent troops, appointed Tian Ji, Tian Ying, and Tian Pan as generals, and Sun Bin as military adviser, and went to rescue South Korea. They still used the old method and went straight to the capital of Wei State.When Pang Juan heard about it, he hurriedly gave up attacking South Korea and returned to rescue the capital.The State of Wei concentrated all its forces, appointed Prince Shen as a general, and resisted the army of the State of Qi.Sun Bin said to Tian Ji: "The soldiers of Wei, Zhao, and Han have always been fierce and brave. They despise the soldiers of Qi State, but the reputation of Qi State soldiers is indeed not good. A general who is good at commanding battles must make the best use of the situation and learn from each other. Said: "A raid from a hundred miles away will lose the general, and a raid from fifty miles away will only reach half of the army." So he ordered the troops of Qi State to enter the border of Wei State, cook and build [-] stoves. On the second day, it was reduced to [-], and on the third day it was reduced to [-].Pang Juan led his troops to pursue the Qi army for three days. Seeing this situation, he was overjoyed and said, "I have long known that Qi soldiers are naturally timid. Just three days after entering our country, more than half of the soldiers have fled." He led the elite light soldiers to pursue the Qi army day and night.Sun Bin estimated that the Wei army would arrive at Maling that night.In Maling, the roads are narrow and there are many dangerous passes, where heavy soldiers can be ambushed. So Sun Bin sent someone to scrape off the bark of a big tree, and wrote a few large characters on the white trunk: "Pang Juan died under this tree!" Choose [-] excellent archers from the army of Qi to ambush along the road, and make an appointment to shoot ten thousand arrows when there is a torch light after dark.Sure enough, Pang Juan came to the tree at night, saw some faint words written on the white tree trunk, and asked someone to hold a torch to look after him. A group, broken into an army.Knowing that the situation was over, Pang Juan drew his sword and slayed himself. Before he died, he sighed, "Sun Bin is the one who has come out!" The Qi army took the opportunity to beat the Wei army and captured Wei's high-ranking prince Shen.

[Comment and Analysis]

Sun Bin and Pang Juan are brothers in the same school, and they both studied under Guiguzi at the same time.Later, Pang Juan went to the state of Wei, and Sun Bin went to the state of Qi.The two inevitably met on the battlefield.Qi won a complete victory in the battle of Guiling and Maling, which fundamentally weakened the combat strength of Wei. "Sun Bin reduces the stove and destroys Pang Juan" tells this story.

Qin State
[Original text]

The second year of King Zhou Nan

The king of Qin wanted to conquer Qi, and he was troubled by Qi. Chu's relatives sent Zhang Yi to Chu, saying: "Your Majesty is sincerely able to listen to your ministers, and you will retreat and make an appointment with Qi. Please dedicate a land of six hundred miles to the merchants so that Qin A woman is allowed to be the concubine of the great king's Jibroom, and Qin and Chu marry their daughters and wives, and they will grow up to be a country of brothers." The king of Chu said and agreed.All the officials congratulated, but Chen Zhen hanged himself alone.Wang said angrily, "How dare you get six hundred miles of land if you don't recruit teachers?" Confrontation said: "No way. From the perspective of ministers, the land of Shang Yu cannot be obtained, but Qi and Qin are combined. Qi and Qin are bound to suffer. Yea!"

The king said: "Is there any talk?" Confrontation: "The reason why Husband and Qin attach importance to Chu is that they have Qi. Now that they have closed their doors and made no appointment with Qi, then Chu will be alone, and Qin Xi will be greedy for his husband and his country and will do business with him. The land is six hundred miles? When Zhang Yi arrives at Qin, he must lose the king. It is the king who cuts off Qi in the north, and suffers from Qin in the west. The soldiers of the two countries will come together. The king's planner is not like Yin and Yang are separated from Qi, so that People follow Zhang Yi. It’s not too late to get rid of our land.” The king said, “May Chen Zi keep his mouth shut and don’t say anything again, so that the widow can get the land!” He gave Zhang Yi a seal and gave it generously.So he retreated and made an appointment with Qi, and sent a general to Qin with Zhang Yi.

(End of this chapter)