politics

Chapter 97 Index Two Topics (7) (4)
κμ acme was in his prime, only aged 29a7, 35a33, b31.

κου, hearing Hearing is more important for self-cultivation than other senses 40a28—b19.

θο，òhabit习惯，习性同天赋和理智并举为进德修善的三根基32a38—b11，34b6；教育应先施于习性38b40；政法有赖于人民的习性69a20，92b13。

νθουσιασμóenthusiasm，inspiration热忱，灵感40a10；音乐引发热忱（灵感）40b4，42a4。

πιθυμαdesire, appetitive principle (of the soul) lust, desire, [of the soul] the lust part of the soul, that is, the "irrational part" and the "rational part", 54b5, 77a7, 87a30, 34b20-27 .

人欲无餍58a1，63b22，66b29，67a5，b3，87a30；孩提亦显见有他的欲望34b22。

(58) Intermediate methods: mining, metallurgy and forest mining 27b33-3. ([-])
οωeros love情爱好战民族多重爱情（好色）69b27；情爱每激生憎恨28a1。爱情纠纷为引起内乱的原因之一3b21。

λικαage年龄诗人们对人之一生以“七”纪年35b33，36b40；不同年龄宜于不同乐调42b20，34；军事和政治的不同职务应依年龄高低为分配29a2—34，32b34—41。

婚姻年龄34b29—35a35；男儿成年后参加会餐等事36b23—13；老年身心俱衰70b40。

θμοthumus, animosity, spirit, anger Enthusiasm, enthusiasm, anger 87a32, 27b37—28a17; the Greek nation has both enthusiasm (spirit) and understanding 27b20—36; enthusiasm (anger) is found in infants and belongs to the "irrational part" 34b22.

λóγον, òreason, rational principle Reason, the rational part [of the soul] There are two elements in the soul, "rational" and "irrational", the latter is subordinate to the former 54b5, 60a4, 16, 33a18, 34b14; the rational part is divided into Parts "Imagination" and "Practice" 33a24.

理智为人生培养善德的三根基之一32a38—b11，34b6；禽兽无理智，奴隶只有微薄的理智54b22，59b28，32b3；情欲常常淹没理智12b28，15a29；中间阶级较富理性，如果养尊处优或穷愁困顿都有伤理性95b5。

λóγο, speech, language language talent Human beings use speech function, and human beings combine to form a society 53a9-18.

μσοhatred憎恨憎恨时未必失却理智，愤怒时则常常失去理智12b32；爱亦生憎28a1—16；憎恨为推翻僭政的动机之一12b19—27。

νο, the mind, reason 心, rationality (both "mind" and "body") are not coached at the same time for intellectual education and physical education 39a7; both "body" and "heart" of the elderly are weak 70b40.

ασιsight vision 40a30.

ργηanger忿怒12b28，15a29；对于负义的朋友，忿怒特别厉害28a10。

παθηικòν, òpassion Emotional law has no emotional factors, but the human heart cannot be free from emotion, so judging the prison by law is better than individual wisdom 86a8-26;

προαιρσι, the will, moral choice [individual] will 52a31, 80a34, 12b2, 32a33; decision-making based on the ruler and private will is not as secure as ruling according to law 70b29, 72a38, b5, 86al7, 87a-32.

σμαοthe body身体身体从属于灵魂54a34—b16，23b13；身体先于灵魂，教育应先身体而后智德34b20，38b5，39a7；身心利害一致55b9；人体美较灵魂美为显而易见54b38；自由人体格不必都优于奴隶体格54b32；公民应有的体格35b3—11，38b6—39a10。

γειαhealth Hygiene, health The first priority in choosing a place to build a city is the health of residents, and attention should be paid to various conditions for health preservation 30a38—b17.

φλαυονselflove 63a41; "self-love" beyond the limit is "selfishness" 63b3.

φóβοfear恐惧，恐怖恐怖为引起变乱的动机之一2b2、21，11a15；共同的恐惧（患难）有助于城邦公众的团结8a26；并可使仇敌合作4b23。

φσιnature naturally sees the term "philosophy".

φδιnatural endowment天赋天赋为德育（修善）三根基之一32a40—b14，34b6；世界各族的天赋和习性27b18—38；教育可补天赋之不足37a1。

ψυχanima，soul灵魂（生命）魂为身主54a31—b9，91a24；在发生的程序上后于身体34b20；魂和身利害一致58b9；灵魂的内美较身体的外貌为不易显见54b38；灵魂含有旋律和节奏40b18。

Parts of the soul (mind): the rational and the irrational parts, the "reasonable part" corresponding to the "heart", and the "irrational part" corresponding to the "desires" 54b5, 60a4, 77a6, 33a16, 34b17 (see article "Intellectual part") .

12 Education

Aθληathelete竞技选手，运动员竞技选手的体质不适宜于公民生活35b5，38b9—39a10。

σκησιtraining Training Combat Training (Shangwu Education) 33b38.

γρáμμααreading (and writing) reading and writing Greek children's education one of the four courses 37b23, 38a15.

γραμμνα，the works of art艺术作品集成众美81b12；匀称为本84b7；不应有伤风败俗的主题36b15，35。

γραφεpainters画家画家集众美以成图像81b12；匀称为画艺的原则84b8；应表现道德高尚的主题40a35。

γραφικdrawing drawing One of the four courses in children's education 37b25, 38a17.

γυμνασικgymnastics体育，竞技教练儿童教育四课程之一37b23；体育教练自古迄今屡有改进68b35；体育包括多种技术88b15；拉栖第蒙人过度致力于体育（军事教练）38b9—38。

各种竞技课目：克里特禁止奴隶从事各项体育锻炼64a21；寡头政体不鼓励贫民参加各种竞技练习97a29；亚氏对于体育课程的拟议31a35，儿童竞技应取较轻柔的课目38b4。健身房，体育场31a37。

διαγωγcultivation of mind理性操修39a30，35，41b40（见“生理心理”名词）。

θο, òthe habit, together with talent and reason, are the three foundations of moral education, see the term "physiology and psychology".

μπειραexperience 64a1, 29b33.

πιμλεια ν πρην Nursery Infant Nursing 36a3–20.

Oλυμπα, the Olympic games Olympiad Olympic Festival sports competitions, excessive exercise damages the physique 39a1.

ρχησιdancing 39a21.

παιδιá, the plays of children play children can learn the occupational activities of adults 36a32.

παιδεαrearing and training of the children，education in general，culture儿童教养，教育，文化（一）儿童教育和公民教育应符合于其政制所依据的精神和宗旨60b15，10a12—36，37a11—32；模范城邦中儿童应如何培养和教育36a3—37a7，39a7，40a35，b29； 儿童教育四课程37a33—38b8；体育课程38b9—39a10，音乐和绘画课程37b25，40b20—41a17，教育对于儿童，犹如阿奇太的响器（参看“社会”名词“儿童”条）。

（二）教育（文化）和“鄙俗”对举17b39；教育有补于俗习32b10，37a1；城邦应有划一的教育制度37a21（参看66b30，94b21）；教育为立法家的专业，是城邦的要务37a11，83a24；唯教育能使一邦公民归于团结63b35。教育分期36a3—37a7，38b38—39a10；教育宗旨及其课程应偏重人生业务，还是善德操修（重技艺还是尚道德）？37b23—38b8，39a11—40b19；教育宗旨有时谬误66b30—38，33b5，37a24，38b32；斯巴达和克里特教育专重战争训练，独修勇德24b9，教育应求多方面的平衡发展，武德偏胜，在斯巴达已久而见到不良后果94b21，37a31，38b9—39。

僭主厌恶教育13b1；各族王储的教育77a17；富室子弟多失教95b16—25；平民城邦和僭邦都放纵儿童，统治者须有异于被统治者的教育77a16（参看32b42）。

ηορικrhetoric rhetoric, speech 5a12.

συμμεραsymenetry匀称84b7，2b33，8b10，9b21，26a35。

κναι, κthe arts learning art, technology and art follow nature and make up for the gaps in nature37a1; each technology has its means limited, but its attainments are endless56b31, 57b23, 31b26; who appraises art, experts or the masses? 81b38-82a23, 40b23-39.

技术有主从之分56a10，58a19—38；技术须有工具53b23—54a17；自由人不学卑陋的行档（生产技术），亦不以艺事自炫58b9—59a36，37b11—21。

假借技术研究来说明政治研究各论题88b10—37；治国齐家的技术类似医学、体育等有益于受术的人们78b37—79a13；以笛艺为喻，凭才能为准，厘定并分配名位82b30—38a14。

φσιnatural endowment see "psychological" term.

13 Music and poetry
Aγναι Διονυσικο Dionysiac Contests 23a1.

ρμοναharmony，modes in music乐律，乐调54a33，76b8；各种乐调各有不同的德性感应，音乐教育应注意选择乐调40a40—b19，41b19—42b34；相符于音节，乐调亦可分为培德、行动、热忱三种41b34。

重要乐调：杜里调和茀里季调90a20；杜里调雄伟庄严，令人神凝气和76b9，90a22，40b4，42a29—b17，为一种培德乐调42a30。茀里季调使听者兴奋，入于狂欢76b9，90a22，40b4，42b1；柏拉图选取茀里季调实为错误42a32—b17。吕第亚调低柔，为柏拉图所不取42b23；软调实际也宜于儿童音乐练习42b32。吕第亚混合调沉郁凄楚，引动哀感40b1。

(End of this chapter)