The Complete Collection of Ice Books

Chapter 42 Sound (1)
Hear it like you see it

Original text
The voice of man ① disturbs the air of heaven and earth, floats up when it is light and clear, and falls when it is heavy and turbid.It starts from the dantian②, sends out in the throat③, transfers to the tongue, distinguishes in the teeth④, comes out of the lips, and actually matches the five tones⑤.Take it to form a family of its own, you don't have to tune it one by one ⑥, hear the sound of lovesickness, and the person ⑦ is here, rather ⑧ will meet the hero ⑨!

注释
①Sound: There are two kinds of sound, one is the sound made by objects colliding and vibrating, and the other is made by the vocal organs. The sound of vibration.But the "voice" here also includes the inner spirit.People who hear the sound can hear more from it. ②Dantian: Refers to the part between an inch and a half to three inches below the navel of the human body.Zeng Guofan believed that the breath of the voice came from here.In fact, the air that makes the sound comes from the lungs. ③Larynx: This refers to the parts of the human body. The sound does not actually occur in the larynx, but in the "vocal cords". ④ Distinguish between teeth: It means that changes and divisions such as voicing and turbidity occur here in the teeth. ⑤Five tones: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu.Among the five tones, palace belongs to earth, shang belongs to metal, horn belongs to wood, sign belongs to fire, and feather belongs to water.The specific characteristics of the five tones are: the palace sound is deep and deep, the business sound is harmonious, the horn sound is high and smooth, the Zheng sound is intense, and the feather sound is round and urgent.The ancients believed that "when a person observes the shape of the five elements, his voice also has the image of the five tones."Therefore, the identification of the five tones must be combined with the five elements of the human body for corresponding investigations.The ancients also believed that if the five-element attributes of the voice match the five-element attributes and characteristics of the human body, it is auspicious, rich, and good, otherwise it is unlucky. ⑥ Co-tuning: It is in harmony with the five tones. ⑦ Si: Particle, meaningless. [-] Ning: Could it be. [-] Judgment: Distinguish, judge.

Translation
The human voice, like the yin, yang and five elements between heaven and earth, can also be divided into clear and turbid. The clear one is light and rises, and the turbid one is heavy and descends.The sound starts from the dantian, makes a sound in the larynx, transforms in the tongue, distinguishes clear and dull sounds in the teeth, and finally comes out from the lips. All these are related to Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. The five tones are closely matched.When observing and recognizing people, when you hear a person's voice, you need to identify its uniqueness. It is not necessarily required to completely match the five tones, but as long as you hear the sound, you must think of this person, so that you will hear his voice And if you know him, you don't have to see his true face in order to see whether he is a talent or a mediocrity.

Interpretation
Zeng Guofan inherited what the predecessors said, hoping to observe and recognize people from the perspective of sound. He believes that people are endowed with the five elements of heaven and earth, and their voices can also be divided into clear and turbid. He also decomposes "sound" into "sound" and "sound" to examine people from different aspects.In fact, in ancient China, there were examples of people being recognized by their voices.

"Da Dai Li Ji·Shao Jian Pian" records the story of Shang Tang's acquisition of people through voice. "Wen Wang Guanren Pian" has a method of "listening to the sound and appreciating the breath" in the "Six Signs of Observing People".Liu Shao's "Character History Nine Signs" also introduced the method of picking people by voice.

"Wen Wang Guan Ren Pian" pointed out that the original vitality of heaven and earth produced all things, and after the production of all things, various sounds were produced.Some voices are muddy, some are crisp, some are soft, some are strong; some are beautiful, some are ugly;It all starts with the sound itself.The book holds that the voice of a person with a gorgeous and exaggerated disposition will flow and diverge; The air of chastity and faith is upright and simple, the air of benevolence and righteousness is soothing and pleasant, the air of wisdom is concise and ready, and the air of bravery is majestic and forthright.The book believes that by listening to the different voices a person makes, one can judge the person's temperament type.

There is a passage in "Book of Rites · Music Book":

The origin of all sounds is born from the heart.The heart moves, and things make it happen.Feelings are moved by objects, so shapes are formed by sounds.The sound responds, so it changes.

This is about the relationship between voice and personality.The perception of things is born from the feeling, and it must be expressed in the sound.The external voice of a person changes with the change of the inner world, so the inner qi is expressed in voice.Sound can not only express Qi, but also echo with the heart. "Yi Zhou Shu" and other books summarize the following terms:

When the heart is calm, the voice is also calm;

When the heart is clear and smooth, the voice will be clear and loud;
I gradually feel that my voice will be extreme;

People who are dishonest in their hearts falter in their voices, which is a sign of guilty conscience;
A person who is honest and trustworthy in his heart speaks with a crisp voice and a clear rhythm, which is a sign of calmness in his heart;

People with a surly heart have ghosts in their hearts, and their voices are yin and yang, which is very harsh;
A person with a generous and gentle heart has a gentle and gentle voice, and the water flows constantly, without rush or slowness.

The ancient book "Lunsheng" has a special study on sound, and directly links sound with people's wealth and poverty, which is nonsense.But there is indeed a very close relationship between voice and a person's character, status, experience, and cultivation.A person who speaks dignifiedly is unlikely to be a small ruffian in society; a person who speaks full of air must be in good health; a person who speaks politely must have a good inner cultivation; Submissive position...

The ancients have always paid more attention to sound, and believed that sound is an integral part of investigating characters. On the basis of in-depth observation and research, according to the principles of yin and yang and five elements, the sound is divided into:
Jin Sheng: The rhyme is long and clear, and if you hear it from afar, it will be expensive if it is perfect, and it will be cheap if it is broken.

Wooden sound: The rhyme is strong, the beginning is complete and the end is loose, heavy is expensive, light is cheap.

The sound of fire: the rhyme is clear and clear, smooth but not wet, mellow but slow is expensive, scorched and urgent is cheap.

The sound of water: the rhyme is clear and the sound grows rapidly, the fine is expensive, and the heavy and turbid is cheap.

Soil sound: The rhyme is thick and thick, the source is long and loud, it is expensive when it is heard from afar, and cheap when it is close.

This is what the ancients called "people are endowed with the images of the five elements, and the breath and sound also have the images of the five elements."Although it belongs to the mythical saying, "Every noble has a beautiful voice, and all lowly people have an unpleasant voice", but it cannot be dismissed in general.

The ancients also divided sounds into some types, and connected people's character and fate with them. The important ones are as follows:
"Good sound": the sound is as clear and clear as water in a stream; the sound is as loud as the sound of a urn;

"Evil voice": the sound of "male and female" is uneven in size; the sound of "network" is uneven; Blunt and ignorant; the voice is too soft, the character is timid; the voice is too strong, be careful not to lose your life;

All of the above are the content of hearing and distinguishing people.

In fact, modern physiology and physics have proved that the physiological basis of sound is composed of three parts: lung-trachea, larynx-vocal cord, and oral cavity-nasal cavity.The driving force for sound generation is the lungs, which determine the volume of air flow, the volume is mainly determined by the vibrating system formed by the larynx and vocal cords, and the timbre mainly depends on the resonator system formed by the oral cavity and nasal cavity.Sound is formed by objects vibrating the air, and sound is the sense of the auditory organ - the ear.The volume of sound can be divided into big and small, the timbre can be divided into beautiful and ugly, and there are also differences in pitch and length.

In the sentence "starting from Dantian", the author believes that the best voice should start from "Dantian" (Dantian is a Taoist term for practicing Qigong, which is three inches below the navel).The sound originating from the pubic region goes directly to the vocal cords through the chest, and then passes through the throat, tongue, teeth, and lips. The sound produced is different from the sound coming from the chest air impacting the vocal cords, and the rhythm is different. difference.The voice coming out of the dantian is deep and thick, with a long-lasting melody. This is a sign of abundant kidney water, and it can be seen that the person is healthy and can surpass fortune and honor.At the same time, the sound from the dantian qi impacting the vocal cords is loud and sweet, soft and affectionate, sweet and tactful, giving people a comfortable and thick feeling.

A bad sound is a shallow sound that originates from the throat and stops between the tongue and teeth, giving people a sense of weakness and decadence, and appears to be lack of Qi. .

People's voices are different due to different health conditions, different living environments, different innate endowments, and different acquired cultivation.Therefore, the sound not only reflects the state of health to a certain extent, but also expresses the cultural character of a person to a certain extent—elegance and vulgarity, wisdom and stupidity, nobility and baseness (here refers to personality cultivation), poverty and wealth.That being the case, sound has a certain relationship with people's fate (past and present living conditions, future living prospects).This relationship may be a memory of past experience, or it may be a reflection of a real living situation, or it may indicate the future.But it is of course unscientific to insist on judging the fate of people by their voices.Zeng also said at the end of this paragraph, "It is not necessary to coordinate one by one", which is naturally out of order.The most important thing is "hearing the sound of lovesickness", a word of "thinking", which means that hearing the sound and knowing people should not be rigid, and it depends on the specific situation.

"Bingjian" talks about judging the fate of others by the quality and timbre of a person's voice. It should be more comprehensive if it can be judged together with human language.Language is the result of thinking, and the characteristics of a person's way of thinking can be discovered through language, which has an important impact on a person's behavior, even a decisive influence.

Utilize the world
Recognizing people by hearing sounds, a superficial level of understanding, means that one can know who a person is by hearing his voice (not just the sound of speaking, but also footsteps, laughter, etc.).The premise must be that the person's voice is very familiar, and it is generally only among friends and relatives that one can distinguish it. This is just to identify the person's identity.A further level of understanding is to hear a person's character, height, weight, education status, occupational hobbies, etc. from the voice.This is a very complicated process of judgment, which includes summarization of experience and surge of inspiration. It must have a wealth of knowledge, complex experience and high comprehension, and follow the logic of life.

Sound can be subdivided into two concepts: sound and sound. People can be recognized by sound and sound. However, in practical applications, people are usually recognized by both sound and sound.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a minister named Zichan in the State of Zheng.Once, when he went out to inspect, he suddenly heard the mournful cries of women from the other side of the mountain.The attendants looked at Zichan, listened to his orders, and prepared to rescue him.Unexpectedly, Zichan ordered the weeping woman to be arrested.The attendant didn't dare to ask more questions, but followed the order and brought the woman to Zichan.It turned out that the woman was mourning her dead husband in front of the new grave.As the saying goes, there are three misfortunes in life.One is to lose one's father at a young age, which is called "solitary"; one is to lose one's husband in middle age, which is called "widowhood";This weeping woman lost her husband in middle age, it can be said that it is pitiful, but why did Zichan arrest her?

Zichan explained: "Hearing this woman's cry, there was no feeling of mourning, but fear. I suspected that there was something hidden in it, so I arrested her for interrogation."

The result of the interrogation was: the woman committed adultery and murdered her husband to death.

It can be seen from this that Zichan's ability to distinguish people by hearing sounds is indeed very clever.Confucius also knew this well, and it seems that his skills are even more superb than Zichan.Although Confucius said that "judging people by their appearance, you will lose the son of Yu; judging people by their words, you will lose the Zaiyu", but he is really talented in judging people by their appearance.

There is a story in "Confucius's Family Language".On the way back to Qi State, Confucius heard a very sad cry, and said to his left and right: "This cry is mourning, but it is not the mourning." Going forward, he met the weeping person, Confucius I got out of the car and asked, and found out that his name was Qiu Wuzi. When asked why he was crying, Qiu Wuzi sighed and said: "I have made three major mistakes in my life. I only realized it when I was old, but I regretted it too much, so I cried bitterly."

When Confucius asked Qiu Wuzi the reason for his remorse, Qiu Wuzi said: "When I was young, I liked to study and traveled all over the world, but I couldn't die for my parents. Losing the hearts of the world, I failed to persuade many times, this is the second biggest mistake; I have made countless friends in my life, with deep friendship, but unexpectedly broke up later, this is the third biggest mistake. I am not filial as a son, not as a minister Loyalty, if you are not a friend, what face is there to live in this world?" After speaking, he threw himself into the water and died.

Qiu Wuzi's Three Regrets, in today's society, is already an ancient style that is difficult to reproduce, and Confucius' ability to know people has been passed down to future generations.

The above is to recognize the things in a person's heart by the content of the sound, which constitutes a part of hearing the sound and identifying people.Hearing and distinguishing people can also judge a person's heart, occupation, height and other conditions.Human voices are like human temperaments, they are not the same.There is no problem in judging a person's character and temperament through their voice.However, due to the limitations of human auditory organs and understanding, many people lack the ability to distinguish.Only those with rich experience and high savvy will be handy.

The Distinction of "Sound" and "Sound"

Original text
The sound is different from the sound ①.The main sound is "Zhang", and you can see it when you find it; the main sound is "Lian", and you can see it when you find a rest.The way to distinguish voices is to distinguish between joy, anger, sorrow and joy; joy is like breaking bamboo, anger is like thunder rising to the ground, sorrow is like stone hitting thin ice, joy is like snow dancing before the wind, and "lightness" is probably the best.

注释
①Sound is different from sound: In the sense of modern physiology and physics, "sound" and "sound" are the same concept, and there is no difference in essence.When the ancients inspected characters, they believed that "sound" was different from "sound". The sound made at the beginning of the mouth was called "sound". It still echoes in the air, leaving a curling aftertaste, which is the so-called "sound". ②The main sound is "Zhang", which can be seen at the place where it is found; the main sound is "扎", which can be seen at the place where it is found: Zhang, Zhang Yang, which can be understood as the state where the sound is generated from the sound source and starts to spread outwards after leaving the sound source.See, here for hearing and speaking.Convergence can be understood as the process of continuous propagation of sound away from the sound source.rest, stop.The meaning of these four sentences is: the sound comes from the activation of the vocal organs, and it can be heard when the vocal organs are activated, and the vibration is tense and intense at this time; Hear it when the vocal organs are closed.

Translation
The main meaning of the original text is: "Sound" and "sound" seem to be inseparable, but in fact there is a difference between the two, and they are two different things. "Sound" is produced at the beginning of the activation of the vocal organs, which is the initial state of air vibration. It can be heard when the vocal organs are activated; The reverberation state can be felt when the vocal organs are closed.There are many ways to identify good and bad voices. The most important thing is to distinguish carefully from the emotions of other people's emotions.The sound of joy is like a broken bamboo, and its sound is clear and sweet; the sound of anger is like thunder on the ground, its sound is bold and strong; the sound of sorrow is like a stone hitting thin ice, its sound is heartbreaking and desolate; the sound of joy is like snowflakes Floating in the wind, its sound is quiet and soft.These "sounds" all have a common feature - light and clear.

Interpretation
Zeng Guofan inherited the theory of his predecessors, believing that people can judge the aura of heaven and earth, and the voice they make can be divided into clear and turbid, which can show "noble" and "cheap", and can judge a person's fate.

It is an undoubted consensus to distinguish people's emotional states through their voices.In the wisdom of the ancients to identify talents, there is a difference between "sound" and "sound".

The sound advocates "Zhang", see you at the place where you find it.The sound is made by the impact of the breath on the vocal cords, causing the air to vibrate.At this time, the impact of the breath is strong, it is bursting, the vibration frequency of the air is high, and the vocal organs are the most tense, so the effect is strong, the sound is clear and powerful, and it is a state of publicity.

The master of the sound' "converge", see you at the place where you rest.After the sound blast is produced, the air continues to propagate in the air under the vibration state, and the sound is produced. At this time, the vibration frequency of the vocal organs has been reduced, and the vocal organs have also been relaxed.That is to say, sound is the state of sound propagating in the air, it is the aftertaste of sound, that is, the state that people often talk about after sound lingering and stirring.Sound is a continuous continuous state.

Physiologically, physically and linguistically, the meanings of "sound" and "sound" are the same, and there is no essential difference.Whether there is any difference in hearing between the sound produced when the sound starts and the sound made when the sound ends is another matter.

Sound is produced by the airflow impacting the vocal cords, and the air vibrates after the vocal cords are vibrated. It is a physiological phenomenon and a physical phenomenon.People have social attributes, so the human voice combines the attributes of human spirit and temperament.The ancients believed that the movement of the heart is the nature - "spirit" and "qi" - the sound of nature.It means that the production of sound depends on natural gas (air) and is inseparable from the inner "sex".Voice is closely related to the speaker's current psychological activities, and its size, severity, urgency, length, and voicing all change. This is also closely related to human characteristics. This is the basis for distinguishing people by hearing sounds.

Human voices are different, and everyone has a voice.However, it is impossible to distinguish so many types, so it can only be divided into very roughly: some are loud, some are hoarse, some are thin, some are thick, some are as thin as the sound of metal, and some are as thick as skin The sound of drums, some are as clear as jade beads falling on a plate, and the characters are round... Some people are short in stature, but their voices are very loud, which is what is commonly called "the sound is like a bell"; But softly, even weakly...

To sum up, the volume of sound can be divided into big and small, the tone color can be divided into beauty and ugliness, and there are also divisions such as pitch and sound length.Whether a person's voice is beautiful or not, one should consider whether the volume is appropriate, whether the timbre is matched properly, and also depends on many non-verbal factors.

There is a certain truth in identifying a person's state of mind by their voice.There is a book called "The Secret Leaf of Lingshan", which has the following four sentences, which are of great reference value:
Observe its voice, and measure its degree;

Regard its grandeur, but not its quality;

Listen to its momentum and watch its strength;

Examine its voice and emotion, and push its symptoms.

"Shengqi" is similar to the volume in acoustics, and "Shenghua" is similar to the timbre in acoustics. "Momentum" refers to the sound effect. The louder the volume, the greater the "momentum", and the greater the "momentum", the greater the "power", and vice versa. "Sound and emotion" is "feeling", which is the "emotion" expressed by sound.

(End of this chapter)