The Complete Collection of Ice Books

Chapter 59
Song and Yan were in the same boat, and when they saw each other, they returned. They said to the senior officials, "Is there anyone who can go to the princes with me?"Yan said: "How sad! How can a scholar-official be easy to obtain but difficult to use." Chen Rao said: "It is not easy to obtain but difficult to use by a scholar-bureaucrat, and you cannot use it. And blame everyone." Yan said: "What do you say?" Confrontation: "Three liters of grain are not enough for the scholars, so the king's geese and ducks have more than millet, which is one of the king's faults; Compared with others, scholars have never been able to taste it, which is the second fault of the king. Silk and silk, beautiful in the hall, and detrimental to the wind, the scholar has never been able to think of it, is the third fault of the king. The rich man, the king The lightness of the dead is the weight of the scholar. You can't do the lightness of the king, but if you want to make the soldier do what you want, it is like a lead knife and an animal. Isn't it difficult for a general to use it?" Song Yan said: " It's the fault of Yan."

main idea
Huang Shigong said: "Treating each other with courtesy can make the scholars come over; using rewards can make the scholars not afraid of sacrifice. Use etiquette to attract scholars, and use rewards to point out where they want to serve, then the talents you want will come in droves." .” How can you prove this truth?Prince Wen of Wei Wenhou bowed to Tian Zifang, but Tian Zifang didn't return the salute. The prince was very upset and said to Tian Zifang, "I don't know if the poor and the rich are arrogant and rude?" Tian Zifang said: " Poor and lowly people can be arrogant and rude in front of others. How dare rich and noble people be arrogant and rude to others! If the lord of the country is arrogant and rude to others, it will lead to the destruction of the country, and if the doctor is arrogant and rude to others, the fiefdom will perish , if a poor and lowly person is dissatisfied, he can just put on his shoes and leave, so where can he not get rich and lowly?"

Song Yan served as the prime minister of Qi State, was dismissed and returned home. He said to the senior officials under his command: "Who wants to go with me to see the princes?"Song Yan said: "It's sad! Why is it so easy for scholar-bureaucrats to get it but so difficult to use it?" Chen Rao said: "It's not that scholar-bureaucrats are easy to get but difficult to use, it's because you don't know how to use it. If you don't know how to use it, you will feel aggrieved .It was my own fault, but I didn’t know it, so I blamed others.” Song Yan said, “Why do you say that?” Chen Rao replied, “Three liters of rice are not enough to feed a scholar. , and your ducks and geese still have leftovers when they eat rice, this is your first fault; there are a lot of fruits in the orchard, and the women in the harem can throw them to make trouble, but the scholar-bureaucrats have not tasted a bite, this is your fault. It is your second fault; your palace is decorated with silk and satin, and the wind blows it to pieces, but the scholars and bureaucrats have nothing to do with these things. This is your third fault. Property is something that a king should despise, but Serving people to death is something that the scholar-bureaucrats attach great importance to. Being a king values ​​what he should despise, but asks the scholar-bureaucrats to fulfill their most important duty of serving others. This is like keeping a scholar as a drill, but I hope they can play the role of the sword. Isn't this a difficult thing to do?" Song Yan said: "It's my fault."

Original
The saying goes: "My lady meets with the enlightened, and hears with the listener. If the virtue is the same, the blind date will be blind without seeing. It’s not the same.” How can you tell?King Xiang of Chu asked Song Yu, "Sir, do you have any legacy? Why do scholars not praise you so much?" Song Yu said, "A bird has a phoenix and a fish has a whale. The phoenix strikes ninety thousand miles and soars into the dark. On top of the fence, how can it be as high as the sky and the earth? Whales grow in the ruins of Kunlun in the morning and sleep in Mengjin in the evening; how can the salamanders in Fuchize compare with the size of the river and sea? Therefore, it is not a bird with a phoenix. There are fish and whales, and so do scholars. The sages have their own thoughts and actions, and they are detached and alone. How can the worldly people know what the ministers do?"

main idea
There is an old saying: "People with the same vision can see things of the same size. People with the same hearing can hear the voices of the same size. People with the same moral character feel very close even if they don't meet each other; You can respond even if you are not in the same place." Han Zi said: "People with the same interests and preferences will recognize each other, and those with different interests and preferences will reject each other." How to explain this principle?King Xiang of Chu asked Song Yu, "Sir, is there something wrong with you? Why don't the people appreciate you so much?" Song Yu said, "There are phoenixes among birds, and whales among fish. Phoenixes can rush to nine Thousands of miles high, soaring in the dark space; how can the sparrows flying around the fence expect the height of the sky and the breadth of the earth? Whales set off from Kunlun Mountains in the morning and can reach Mengjin at night; How can the little salamanders in the world dare to measure the vastness of the rivers and seas?" So not only are there phoenixes among birds, whales among fishes, and there are extraordinary and outstanding people among scholars.Saints have strange thoughts and behaviors that are beyond ordinary people. They are separated from the world and live in isolation. How can ordinary people understand what I do? "

Original
The saying goes: "It's not easy to know people, and it's not easy to know people." How do you understand it?Khan Ming said Chunshenjun, Chunshen Junyue.Khan Ming wanted to talk, but Chunshen Jun said: "My servant knows what you mean." Khan Ming said: "Who is the sage who has not been judged and who is Yao?" Chunshen Jun said: "How can I be Yao?" Khan Ming said "However, the king thinks which of the ministers is Shun." Chunshen Jun said: "Mr. is Shun." Han Ming said: "No, I ask you to be the king. The king is not as good as Yao, and the minister is not as good as Shun. Husband Yixian Shun served the sage Yao, and after three years, he knew each other. Today, the ruler knows his ministers for a while, because the emperor is sage to Yao and the minister is virtuous to Shun."

main idea
An old saying goes: "It is not easy to know a person, and it is not easy to be understood by others." How to prove this truth?Han Ming lobbied Chunshenjun, and Chunshenjun was very happy.Khan Ming was about to speak when Chunshenjun said, "I already know why you are here, sir." Hanming said, "I don't know who is more wise, you or Yao." Chunshenjun said, "How can I compare with Yao?" " Han Ming said: "Then how can I compare with Shun?" Chunshen Jun said: "Sir, you can compare with Shun." Han Ming said: "That's not the case, please let me make it clear. Your sages are not comparable Yao, I am not as capable as Shun. The sage Shun assisted the sage Yao. It took three years for them to understand each other. But you can understand me in such a short period of time, which shows that you are more sage than Yao. And I am wiser than Shun."

Original
"Records" said: "The husband and the horse are only known by Bole. If there is no knowledge of Bole at the time, it is not allowed to be a good horse. The same is true for scholars." How to understand it?Confucius was angry with Chen and Cai, and Yan Hui said: "The virtue of the master is so great that the world cannot tolerate it. However, the master pushes it and implements it. The world is not for my own use, and it is ugly for those who have a country. What is wrong with the master?" "Gu "Liang Zhuan" said: "Since a child is born, it is inevitable that it will suffer from water and fire, and it is the mother's crime; if the crown becomes a child, it is not the master, the father's crime; the teacher's learning is incompetent, and the mind is not clear, and the body is guilty; the mind is clear. , but the reputation is not heard, it is also a friend's crime; if the reputation is heard, if there is a judge who does not promote it, it is a crime for the judge; if there is a judge, the king does not use it, and the king's fault."

main idea
"Book of Rites" said: "Only Bole can recognize a thousand-mile horse like Qiji. If there is no one like Bole, the world will not treat it as a thousand-mile horse, and the same is true for scholars." How can it be proved? What about this reason?Confucius was trapped in Chen and Cai. His disciple Yan Hui said: "How noble your moral conduct is, but the world is so big that there is no place for you. But you insist on promoting it, but the world does not adopt your idea of ​​governing the country. It is a disgrace as a monarch, what is your fault?" "Guliang Biography" said: "When a child is born, it is the mother's fault; the child cannot go to school in childhood, it is the fault of the mother Father’s fault; after going to school, learning without methods, lack of lofty ambitions, lack of intelligence, this is one’s own fault; character and ambition have been enlightened, but no reputation, little known, this is the fault of being a friend; although reputation has been It is the fault of the relevant department that he is well-known, but no department recommends him; it is the fault of the king that he is recommended by the relevant department, but the king ignores him and does not appoint him."

Original
The thesis says: "Those who travel long distances use chariots and horses; those who help rivers and seas rely on boats. Therefore, the meritorious service and fame of a wise man is based on capital and fake things." How to explain it?Gongshuzi was able to build palaces and pavilions because of the timber of the owner, but he could not build a small house for himself, because the timber was insufficient.Ou Ye can think of the king's copper and iron as a golden furnace bell, but he can't make himself a pot, tripod, pan, and bowl, and it is useless.It is inconvenient for a gentleman to be able to harmonize the people and benefit the common people because of the government of the ruler, but he cannot spare his family.Therefore, when Shun farmed in Lishan, his kindness was not as good as that in the prefecture; Taigong slaughtered cattle in Chaoge, and his benefits were not as good as his wife.And its use is also, kindness flows to the world, and virtue overflows the world.Therefore, Shun faked Yao, and Taigong used Zhou Wen.A gentleman can cultivate himself by deceiving the way, but he cannot use the way in vain to make money.

main idea
There is a saying: "Those who travel long distances rely on chariots and horses; those who cross rivers and seas rely on boats. Therefore, a wise man must rely on external forces to achieve fame." What is used to prove this truth?Gongshuzi was able to use the king's wood to build palaces and terraces, but he was unable to build a small house for himself because of lack of building materials.Ou Ye could use the king's copper and iron to cast gold furnaces and big clocks, but he couldn't make a few metal utensils for daily life for himself, because he had no materials.A gentleman can use the monarchy to unite the people and help the world, but he cannot make himself rich, because the situation does not allow it.Therefore, when Shun was farming in Lishan, his kindness could not spread throughout the prefecture; when Jiang Taigong was slaughtering cattle in Chaoge, he could not benefit his wife and children.After they are reused, their kindness spreads all over the world, and their virtues spread all over the world.So Shun had to rely on Yao, and Jiang Taigong had to rely on King Wen of Zhou, so that their talents could be brought into play.A gentleman can only use morality to cultivate himself, but cannot betray morality in order to obtain property.

Original
The saying goes: "A husband who is the lord of the country cannot be said to be a minister who has no deep plans in the whole country, and a man who has no wise policy in the whole dynasty. He listens to and examines what is good or not, and judges and does not judge ears." How to understand it?In the past, the ancestors of the Han Dynasty, who listened to the master of Cong, accepted Chen Hui's plan and went to Nanyang; if Lou Jing's plan was not used, Pingcheng would be trapped.The emperor of Guangwu is also a strategist.If Han Xin accepts his plan, Yan and Qi will all raise it; if Chen Yu doesn't use his plan, he will be defeated.From this point of view, it cannot be said that those who help others have strategists, and those who are defeated have no ministers who have deep plans.The Duke of Yu did not use Gong's ingenious schemes and died in the Jin Dynasty; Qiu You did not listen to Chi Zhang's words and died in the Zhi family;This is what the Lord listens to, not precise or careful.There is no country in the world without loyal ministers and advisers.

Huang Shigong said: "If you recruit a hero, the enemy's country will be poor." Heroes are the backbone of the country; scholars and civilians are half of the country.If you get what you want and take half of it, then the government will act without complaint.Knowing people is a philosophy, but the emperor is difficult, so be careful.

main idea
There is an old saying: "As the monarch of a country, don't say lightly: there is not a minister who is far-sighted in the whole country; civil and military officials, there is no one who is full of wisdom and good at planning. The key lies in whether the king himself is able to observe and ask carefully. Identify and discover such talents.” How to prove this truth?In the past, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty could be regarded as a monarch who was good at listening to different opinions and distinguishing right from wrong. He adopted Chen Hui's strategy and captured Nanyang, but he did not adopt Lou Jing's strategy and was trapped by the Huns. Pingcheng.Lord Guangwu was a resourceful man. Han Xin adopted his strategy and successfully defeated Yan and Qi. However, Chen Yu did not adopt Lord Guangwu's strategy and finally defeated Lishui.It can be seen from this that it cannot be said that things succeed because there are ministers who are good at planning, and things fail because there are no ministers who are far-sighted.The king of Yu State did not adopt Gong Zhiqi's strategy, so he was eliminated by the State of Jin; Qiu You did not listen to Chi Zhang's advice, but was soft-hearted towards Zhi Shi, and finally led to his own demise; Zhao Kuo's mother's strong persuasion still could not prevent the entire Zhao army from being destroyed in the Battle of Changping.These are all mistakes caused by the monarch's inability to listen carefully to opinions.No matter which country there are loyal men and ministers who can make good decisions.

Huang Shigong said: "If you recruit all the heroes of the enemy country to your banner, the enemy country will be in trouble." The so-called heroes are the backbone talents who can take on the important tasks of the country;If you can get the backbone talents of the country, as well as the scholar-bureaucrats and the people, then the government orders will be unimpeded, and the people will have no complaints.Only those who can identify talents can be called sages and wise men. This is the most difficult thing for an emperor to do, so be careful!
Polity Eighth
Original
In ancient times, emperors and kings were established not to serve their desires, but to be the people of the world.The strong conceal the weak, and deceive the foolish, so the Son of Heaven is established to unite them.It is said that one person's wisdom cannot shine everywhere in the sea, so the Sangong and Jiuqing were established to assist them.It is a special custom of the country and cannot be admired, so the princes were established to teach it.The government of the husband's teaching has its own origin.Why do you say that?Guanzi said: "When a country is placed in an inexhaustible land, it has virtue; when it is accumulated in a warehouse that does not dry up, it handles the five grains; when it is stored in an inexhaustible mansion, it raises mulberry and hemp, and raises six animals; when it is ordered at the source of the flowing water, it is smooth." It is also the heart of the people; it is to make men and women who are indisputable officials each have their own strengths; to clarify the path to death, and to punish them severely; to open the door to what is certain to be gained, to believe in rewards; to not do what is impossible, to measure manpower; not to seek. You can’t get it, you don’t force others to do what you hate; you can’t stay there for a long time, and you don’t steal it for a lifetime. Those who know the time can be established as the leader; those who judge the time and observe it for use, and those who can prepare officials can be enshrined as kings "Therefore, the Ming version of the book, examine the five, limit the husband's land, determine the name of the punishment, establish the emperor, worry about farming and mulberry, eliminate the last work, study hard, check talents, be concise and concise, cultivate military equipment, strictly prohibit orders, believe in rewards and punishments, and rectify Game, Chakeke, these fifteen people, even if the sage rises again, must say this.Husband wants to discuss the changes of right and wrong, so he thinks it is the classic way to establish politics.

main idea
The reason why emperors were established in ancient times was not to satisfy personal selfish desires, but for the people of the world.Because there are always phenomena of bullying the weak and defrauding honest people in society, the emperor was appointed to rectify the social order, regulate the behavior of the people in the world, and unify the country.And because the sageness of the Son of Heaven alone is not enough to illuminate the people of all continents and all over the world, so Sangong and Jiuqing should be appointed to assist him.Because remote small countries have different customs and habits, it is not easy for the emperor's favor to extend to those places, so the princes should be entrusted to help the emperor teach the people in those places.The political system of enfeoffing princes and broadcasting education has already existed.Why do you say that?Guanzi said: "The country can remain invincible because the country adopts a virtuous government; there is a lot of food in the granary without worrying about running out, because the country attaches great importance to agricultural production; there is no worry about shortage in the treasury. Because of the emphasis on planting mulberry and raising livestock; issuing government orders is as smooth as water flowing from the source, because the government orders conform to the people's will; They can give full play to their talents in their respective positions; if they openly declare the way of death, they must be severely punished; ;Don't force things that are impossible to get, don't force others to do things they hate; don't do things that can't last long, because you can't take temporary comfort. Those who can understand the current affairs can make him the leader of one party; Those who have an insight into the current situation, carefully observe the way of employing people, and are good at identifying and reserving talents can support him as a king." Therefore, it is said that carefully inspecting the territory and territory, examining the household registration population, specifying the number of fields for each farmer, and formulating Punishment, support the emperor, vigorously advocate farming and mulberry cultivation, restrict the development of industry and commerce, supervise learning and enlightenment, inspect talents, select elite soldiers and generals, build and consolidate military fortifications, strictly enforce prohibitions, strictly abide by the regulations on rewards and punishments, and correct floating style, investigate and deal with the behavior of treating the people harshly, the above fifteen items, even if the saint is reborn, he will definitely do the same.Because it is necessary to explore the changes of long and short, and the art of vertical and horizontal, it is necessary to set the above-mentioned political way of governing the country as a standard.

(End of this chapter)