warring states careerist

Chapter 710

He wants to lead the problem to the utilitarian question of "who is our common enemy and what problem can be solved first to benefit the farmers to the greatest extent".

If we continue to fight for "equality and fairness", we will always be passive.

Taking the question to the side, this is turning passive into active, because the theoretical explanation of Mohism is more reasonable than the simple contradiction theory of Taoism... The unfairness of the present is for the fairness of the future, and Taoism can be happy This kind of communication is impossible to communicate with farmers.

Xu Xi was silent for a moment, and said helplessly: "It's because of not paying taxes, not being exempted from military service, and not farming public land. However, the village in Sishang has better agricultural tools than us, such as ear cutters, and composting methods. , such as more cattle and horses, such as Quyuanli..."

Shi was overjoyed, since Xu Xi realized that there were problems with both of them, he first asked: "Then, where did the ear cutters, curved plows, columbine carts, water drains, wind mills, and horse-drawn threshing machines come from?" What about it? The master and the people farm together, but iron tools are also needed, so can small farmers produce iron tools?"

"Mr. saw that the peasants in Sishang village were rich, far better than those in Chu land, and even better than the thousand-person village where the farmers tried the land of benevolence and righteousness. You saw the problems of ear cutters, curved plows, and columbine carts. , in fact, can be attributed to two problems.”

"First, division of labor. Second, grasp the will of heaven and use it to benefit others."

Shi asked Xu Xi solemnly: "About the division of labor, let me ask you a question first. Can you use a sword?"

Xu Xi showed a little shyness, and replied cautiously: "Although he can use it, it is not as good as the Mohist swordsman."

Shi asked again: "Then Mr. kills a hundred people with a sword, and those farmers who are always farming and occasionally use a sword also kill a hundred people. Who can kill faster?"

"it's me."

"Then what do you think, the hired workers in Sishang village who pick cotton or the farmers who grow and pick cotton themselves, which one picks more cotton in one day?"

"Those people who specialize in picking cotton in Sishang Village."

"Then do you think, sir, that you can do carpentry work faster than the worst craftsman in Sishang who has obtained a carpenter's certificate? Is it you who can do the same carpenter faster? Or the craftsman who can do it faster?" Woolen cloth?"

"It's a craftsman."

"Then Mr. thinks that weaving is divided into 27 processes such as picking flowers, removing seeds, carding, rubbing, spinning, worsted, weaving, and dyeing; compared with one person who completes everything from planting to dyeing. It is the same With a hundred people, which side produces more cotton cloth?"

"It's those people in front."

"Then do you think that the three criteria mentioned by Zi Mozi, that is, whether it will increase the total wealth of the world, whether it will benefit the majority of people, and whether it will increase the population, are these three indicators correct?"

"Mozi is a great talent, what he said is three words, my peasant disciples also deeply agree."

Shi said in a deep voice: "Since you agree with Zimozi's three rules, you still do things that violate these three rules. Zimozi said: If words are enough to carry out, do it often; Often. It is not enough to be held but it is often, and it is also a mouthful; it is enough to be held but not often, and it is a hypocrite. Mr. recognizes these three rules, not only does not implement them, but goes against them. Isn’t this enough to hold but not often Hypocrisy and righteousness?"

Xu Xi was shocked, and angrily reprimanded: "How can I be a hypocritical benevolence? I agree with these three principles, and I also want to benefit the world. How can I be said to be a hypocritical benevolence?"

Shi asked: "Just like the question of you killing people with a sword and the farmer killing people with a sword, the farmer also needs iron, cloth, salt, oil, all the necessities of life. Then, the division of labor makes each person produce within a certain period of time. There are more things in the world, but you want to oppose him, isn't this just because you don't want the total wealth of the world to increase?"

"You agree that the total price of the total wealth of geniuses in the three tables is the criterion for judging whether it is a benevolent and righteous government, but you oppose the increase of the total wealth of the world. If you are not a hypocritical villain, what is it? Just like you said Shang Zhou It is unrighteous, but you are holding a sword to protect Shang Zhou, you must reflect on this."

"You want people all over the world to farm and eat together. If you don't subdivide the division of labor so that people often take jobs, how can you increase the total wealth of the world?"

"So I think that if your principles are applied to the world, it will harm the world."

Social division of labor increases productivity, which is the truth, which is the so-called will of heaven in Mohism.

The more detailed the division of labor, the greater the increase in production efficiency, which is the source of the division of labor workshop.

It is appropriate to avoid talking about the fairness of the scissors gap between industry and commerce and agricultural products, and instead directly find loopholes in the farmer's model, and kick the ball to Xu Xi, forcing him to answer.

When Mencius debated with farmers, he also avoided the issue of "fairness". Instead, he used the theory of "work hard" similar to "social division of labor". It makes sense--this sentence itself is correct, and the mistake lies in the era he mentioned. It did not solve the problem of bloodlines. Those who work hard are bound to the feudal aristocratic class, and those who work hard are equivalent to feudal aristocrats, so If there is nothing wrong, it is wrong in the context of the times.

Shi Shi uses the social division of labor to refute Xu Xi, and at the same time tells Xu Xi why the social division of labor is necessary and why the social division of labor is right.

Working hard, it has class attributes.

Similarly, social division of labor also has class attributes.

If the social division of labor is recognized, then the workshop-made handicraft factories in Sishang are progressive and the correct means to increase the sum of wealth in the world. In other words, it is correct to let the farmers of Song Dynasty go bankrupt and come to work in Sishang...to a certain extent.

And this is a better reputation: You see, it is the nobles who insist on annexing the land to make a profit, not our Mohists who insist on forcing farmers to give up their land and come to cities to work in workshops. We even took you to flee.The nobles are simply too bastards. In the future, everyone will get rid of the nobles together, okay?Anyway, the Mo family is now the opposition party in the world, and the nobles have to bear the blame. Who will let the emperor of Zhou and the princes still exist.

If it is not recognized, it is necessary to refute the difference in production efficiency brought about by the social division of labor.

Xu Xi couldn't refute it in his heart, so he could only remain silent. He vaguely felt that he had deviated from the topic of the debate, but he didn't know how to pull it back.

He dug a hole for Shi to jump in, but after jumping in, Shi didn't choose to climb out, but chose to level the surrounding ground, then dug a hole again and pushed him in.

Seeing Xu Xi's silence, Shi immediately said: "This is like a steamed bun. Divide it and eat it. The three expressions of the Mohists are to make the steamed bun bigger and divide the steamed bun fairly. But what Mr. Considering making the steamed buns bigger, you just want to divide the steamed buns fairly, and even give up the outer skin of the steamed buns for the sake of fairness, because that will lead to uneven distribution, is that true?"

This sentence is another pitfall.

But to Xu Xi's ears, this was simply a life-saving straw. In his opinion, a huge loophole was finally exposed, and he couldn't help but feel very happy in his heart.

Xin said that if you continue to say what you said just now, it will be difficult for me to bring back the topic of the debate, but now you suddenly say that, it just woke me up.

He immediately said: "What you said is exactly what I want to say. The three expressions of Mozi back then are what you meant. However, you only paid attention to making the steamed buns bigger, but did not pay attention to the fairness of the steamed buns. It makes the business benefit and the farmers suffer, this is the difference between our farmers and your Mohists."

Shi smiled and shook his head and said, "Sir, you are very wrong. In today's world, it is not us who share the steamed buns, but princes and nobles."

"The land is entrusted to the lord, and farmers have to perform labor, pay taxes, cultivate for the public, and repair for the lord. The nobles have no crops, but they get a lot of food. This is the person who distributes the steamed buns. "

"As for the farmers' blood and sweat obtained by industry and commerce, that's just a share of steamed buns."

"That's why I said, Mr.'s principles can only benefit the world in a small way, but not in a big way."

"It's like, one guy kills someone, and the other guy just doesn't clean up the dirt in front of his house, and you kill the guy who didn't clean up the dirt, and you don't go after the murderer."

"Everything has priorities. Shouldn't the problem now be to kill the murderers first, and then deal with those who didn't clean up the dust in front of their own doors?"

Xu Xi was silent again, and then said after a while: "It's wrong to kill someone, but it doesn't mean that someone who doesn't clean up the dust in front of his door is right. In the world, there are only right and wrong, rather than small mistakes, big mistakes are better. "

Shi nodded and said: "Mr.'s words are not wrong. In the world, there are only right and wrong. However, if Mr. holds a sword to restrain the world, then should Mr. go after the murderer first? Or punish the one who doesn't clean himself first." What about the man with dust at the door?"

Xu Xi sighed: "I will go after the murderer first. But, if you say this, doesn't it mean that the Mo family also thinks that is wrong?"

Shi Lian nodded and said: "How can it be wrong? Farmers in Chu state buy salt, and the price of salt is extremely high. Merchants exploit farmers for profit. Does the Mo family agree?"

"Mr. is circulating in Sishang, and I also know that the price of salt in Sishang is lower than that of Chu State? Isn't it even lower than the price of the village of thousands of people by the riverside? The salt industry is also profitable in Sishang Yes, but even if the profit is still cheaper and more beneficial to the farmers than the husband’s by the river, doesn’t this prove that the husband’s reasoning is wrong? Whether it is beneficial or not is tested by practice. Practice has proved that Sishang’s method is What is correct can benefit the world, but Mr.'s methods cannot benefit the world."

"The price of the salt industry is low. One is that the price of salt is set in Sishang, which is not what Mr. said is 'full labor in return for a full product', and you can still make a profit, but the salt price is lower than that of your husband. "

"Secondly, it is the division of labor and the will of heaven to benefit people, so that each skilled salt worker can produce more salt."

Xu Xi had to admit it, but immediately retorted: "Since this is the case, the labor equivalent to a catty of salt on Sishang is lower than elsewhere, so it is correct that the price should be lower. Then, why can't Sishang How about lowering the price of salt so that farmers can exchange the same grain for the same amount of labor for salt?"

Shi smiled and said: "This is because Sishang needs money to carry out education, build more workshops, train more teachers and doctors, as well as muskets and bronze cannons needed by a huge army."

"Why do you do this? Because you want to benefit the world."

"Why do you have to have teachers, doctors, troops, and cannons to benefit the world?"

"Because the main reason why farmers suffer now is that princes and nobles support one person with ten thousand people, so it is necessary to use muskets and copper cannons to reason with them."

"Mr. is in the state of Chu. The lord has set aside a fiefdom for you that does not need to pay taxes and labor. If you can persuade the emperor, Qi Chuyan, Han Zhaowei, Qinyue, Zhongshan, Song, Zheng, Bashu and other princes, and persuade the world's feudal If all the rulers give up their land and power, and make the world one, then naturally there will be no need for muskets and bronze cannons."

"But sir, can you persuade me?"

"That's why I say that when it comes to benefiting the world, there are priorities and priorities, there are big benefits and small benefits, there are real benefits to the world and hypocritical benefits to the world... These principles must be understood and mastered."

"Mr. is also beneficial to the heart of the world, and the peasant family is also beneficial to the aspirations of the world. Don't you want to solve the world's major troubles with me, the Mo family? After the world's major troubles are resolved, shall we solve the minor troubles you mentioned? The same power, Doing big is good for the world, doing small is good for the world, the effect is different. What do you think, sir?"

"Sir, don't you want to devote yourself to this vigorous cause that will benefit the world?"

(End of this chapter)