TCM Acupuncture and Massage

Chapter 5 Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (4)
(2) Main Xuanfa and Sujiang: Xuanfa refers to the upward ascending and spreading of lung qi and the distribution to the periphery; Sujiang refers to the downward flow of lung qi and the function of keeping the respiratory tract clean.

The function of the lungs is three-fold: ① Through the gasification of the lungs, the turbid air in the body is discharged. ②Body fluid and water grains transferred by descending spleen.It is subtle and spreads all over the body. "Lingshu·Determination Qi" says: "The upper burner is developed, the taste of five grains is released, the skin is smoked, the body is filled, and the hair is moistened. It is like the irrigation of mist and dew, which is called Qi." ③ Propagating and promoting Wei Qi, regulating the opening and closing of interstitial muscles, turning the metabolized body fluid into sweat and excreting it from the body.

There are also three functions of the lungs: ① inhalation of clear air from nature. ②The lungs are at a high position and are the viscera of the canopy, so they have the function of distributing the inhaled clear air, the essence of water and grain, and body fluid downward. ③Remove foreign bodies in the lungs and respiratory tract to keep the respiratory tract clean.

Therefore, if the lungs fail to ventilate, symptoms such as dyspnea, chest tightness, coughing, stuffy nose, sneezing, and no sweat can be seen.When the lungs fail to descend, symptoms such as shortness of breath or superficial breathing, expectoration, and hemoptysis can be seen.

(3) Regulating water channels: The operation and excretion of water in various tissues of the human body is not only related to the healthy movement of the spleen, but also closely related to the descending and descending of the lungs.Only when the lung qi is suppressed and descended can the water channel be unblocked and go down to the bladder.Therefore, "Plain Questions Meridians" said: "Drinking people in the stomach, overflowing the essence, transporting upward to the spleen, dissipating the spleen essence, returning upward to the lungs, regulating waterways, and transporting downward to the bladder." Upside down can lead to wheezing and coughing; when water metabolism is affected, it can also lead to water retention, and even blockage of urination, resulting in edema.Therefore, whether the urination is smooth or not is often related to the function of the lung qi to suppress and descend, which is what the ancients said "the lung is the source of water".

(4) Chao Baimai, Indications: That is, Baimai facing the lungs, refers to the blood of the whole body gathers in the lungs through the meridians, exchanges gas through the breathing of the lungs, and then distributes to the whole body. "Suwen Meridians": "Food qi enters the stomach, turbid qi returns to the heart, the essence is in the veins, the pulse flows through, the meridian qi returns to the lungs, the lungs go to the meridians, and the essence is infused into the fur."

Zhijie means governance and regulation. "Su Wen·Ling Lan Secret Code On": "The lungs are the officials of Xiang Fu, and the rules come out."It is manifested in four aspects:

① The lungs govern breathing and maintain the rhythm of breathing movements.

②According to the breathing movement, adjust the movement of the whole body's air movement up and down.

③Assist the heart, promote and regulate the operation of blood.

④ Govern and regulate the distribution, operation and excretion of body fluid through the ventilation and descending of the lungs.

2. The location, fluid, body and orifice of the lung
(1) Worrying in the mind: worry and sorrow will consume the Qi continuously, so it is easy to damage the lungs that govern the Qi.Conversely, when the lung qi is weak, the body's tolerance to external adverse stimuli will also decrease, and mood changes of sadness and worry will easily occur.

(2) The liquid is tears: tears have the effect of moistening the nasal orifice.Normally, the nasal mucus moistens the nasal orifices but does not flow out.If the lungs are cold, the nose will run clear; if the lungs are hot, the tears will be yellow and turbid; if the lungs are dry, the nose will be dry.

(3) In the body and skin, its beauty in the hair: fur, including skin, sweat glands, vellus hair and other tissues, is the appearance of the whole body and a barrier against the invasion of external evils.Therefore, if the lung qi is deficient, the skin will be haggard and haggard, the body's resistance will decrease, sweating will occur, and it will be easy to catch a cold.In addition, the excretion of sweat from the skin also disperses through the opening and closing of pores, so it is called "air gate" in Chinese medicine.It is also believed to have the effect of promoting lung qi.It is the so-called "hair orifices all over the body are darkened with the breath of breath."

(4) The orifice is the nose: the throat is the door of breathing, the sense of smell of the nose and the pronunciation of the throat are the effects of lung qi.Exogenous evils attacking the lungs often enter from the nose and throat; lung diseases often have symptoms of the nose and throat, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, itchy throat, hoarseness and aphonia.

([-]) spleen
The spleen is located in the abdomen, its meridian is the stomach, and the stomach is the exterior and interior.Its functions are: to transport and transport the essence of the cloth, to raise the clear and reduce the turbidity, and to be the source of blood and blood biochemistry, and the internal organs, six internal organs, limbs, and bones are all nourished.And it has important physiological functions such as nourishing qi, controlling blood, regulating muscles and limbs, resolving phlegm and dampness, so the ancients collectively called the spleen and stomach "the foundation of acquired days".

1. The main physiological functions of the spleen
(1) Main transportation and transformation: the transportation and transformation function of the spleen has two aspects: transportation and transformation of water and grain essence and transportation and transformation of water and dampness:

The digestion of water and grains is in the stomach, but the absorption and distribution of the essence of water and grains depends on the spleen.That is, the spleen transfers and disperses the essence, and the essence of water and grain is "irrigated around" and distributed throughout the body.Therefore, the function of the spleen to transport and transform water and grain essence is strong, and the digestion and absorption function of the body can be sound, and sufficient nutrients can be provided for the production of essence, qi, blood, and body fluids, and the viscera, meridians, and limbs can be maintained. normal physical activity.If the spleen fails to move well, symptoms such as abdominal distension, loose stools, loss of appetite, fatigue, and emaciation can be seen.

The spleen not only transports nutrients to the whole body, but also transports and transforms water and dampness, promotes the metabolism and excretion of water, so as to maintain the balance of water metabolism in the human body.If the spleen is deficient and cannot be transported well, and the water and damp stay, symptoms such as edema and phlegm retention will occur, that is, "all dampness, swelling and fullness belong to the spleen".And water-dampness in turn affects the function of the spleen, which is the so-called "spleen aversion to dampness", which means that dampness traps the spleen soil.

(2) Mainly promotes Qing Dynasty: the spleen mainly promotes Qing Dynasty.The so-called "clear" refers to nutrients such as water and grain essence.Shengqing means absorbing nutrients such as water and grain essence and infusing them upwards to the heart, lungs, and heads, transforming qi and blood through the action of the heart and lungs, and nourishing the whole body.Li Dongyuan emphasized that when the temper is raised, the vitality will be abundant, and the human body will have the opportunity to live, so that the internal organs of the body will not sag.If the temper does not rise, the biochemical source of qi and blood will be passive, such as mental fatigue, dizziness, abdominal distension, and diarrhea; if the temper (middle qi) sinks, chronic diarrhea and prolapse of the anus, or even visceral drooping will occur.

(3) Controlling the blood: the spleen not only has the function of transporting and transporting the essence of water and grains to nourish the whole body, but also has the function of controlling the blood. "Nan Jing 42 Difficulties" says: "The spleen governs the blood and warms the five internal organs."Therefore, a strong temper can protect the blood and maintain the normal operation of the blood without overflowing.If the spleen loses blood, the blood will overflow outside the veins, and various bleeding diseases will appear, such as blood in the stool, hematuria, metrorrhagia, etc.

2. Spleen in the will, in the liquid, in the body and in the orifices
(1) Concentration as thinking: Excessive thinking, or failure to think, mainly affects the normal movement of Qi, leading to stagnation and stagnation of Qi, affecting the elevation of the spleen, causing symptoms such as not thinking about eating, abdominal distension, dizziness, etc. .

(2) Saliva in liquid: the thinner part of saliva is called saliva.It has the function of protecting the oral cavity, and it secretes more when eating, which is helpful for swallowing and digestion of food.If the spleen and stomach are not in harmony, it often leads to drooling, which is a sharp increase in saliva secretion.

(3) In the body and muscles, the main limbs: eat the human stomach, through the transportation and transformation of the spleen, transform qi and blood, nourish the muscles, and make the muscles plump.If the function of spleen and stomach movement and transformation is impaired and the muscles are not nourished, the muscles will become thin and weak, and even become weak and useless.Therefore, the ancients said that "to cure atrophy, take Yangming alone", that is to say, to treat the syndrome of muscle atrophy, the spleen and stomach should be the first.

The activities of the limbs come from the yang qi transformed by the water and grain, "the limbs are the foundation of all yang", and their normal functions and activities also depend on the nutrition transported by the spleen and stomach, so that they can move vigorously.

(4) The orifice is the mouth, and the splendor is in the lips: the taste of diet is closely related to the function of the spleen and stomach. "Lingshu Pulse Degree" contains: "The temper passes through the mouth, and when the spleen is harmonious, the mouth can know the five grains."If the spleen fails to function well, you will experience abnormal taste sensations such as bland, sweet, greasy, and bitter taste in the mouth.

The color of the lips can reflect the fullness of Qi and blood in the whole body.Those who suffer from malnutrition and long-term illness due to deficiency of the spleen will have chlorotic lips.Therefore, "Plain Questions: The Formation of the Five Internal Organs" says: "The spleen combines the flesh, and its glory lips."

([-]) Liver
The liver is under the side of the body, its meridian is the gallbladder, and the gallbladder is the exterior and interior. It joins the tendons in the body and opens to the eyes.Its functions are: to control the storage and regulation of blood in the whole body, and to control the movement of muscles, bones and joints in the whole body.In addition to the heart as the dominant center, the regulating function of the spirit and emotion is also closely related to the function of the liver.

1. The main physiological functions of the liver
(1) Main dredging and venting: dredging, dredging; venting, venting, raising hair.It is an important link for the liver to regulate the Qi movement of the whole body and promote the operation of blood and body fluid.Mainly manifested in three aspects:

①Smooth qi movement: The activities of the viscera, meridians, and organs of the body all depend on the movement of qi up and down.Whether the liver's catharsis function is normal or not plays a regulating role in the balance and coordination between the ascending and descending of qi.If the dredging function of the liver is abnormal, firstly, it will lead to poor qi activity and stagnation of qi activity, causing pain and discomfort in the chest, breasts, or lower abdomen; Anger, etc.; even the blood is reversed with the Qi, causing vomiting, hemoptysis, or sudden fainting, unconsciousness, etc.

Qi stagnation can also lead to obstruction of blood flow, forming blood stasis, or lumps, lumps, and in women, it can lead to poor menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, etc. bulging.

② Promote the transportation and transformation function of the spleen and stomach: the catharsis of the liver is helpful for the transportation and transformation function of the spleen and stomach.The elevation of the spleen, the reduction of the turbidity of the stomach qi, and the secretion and excretion of bile are all related to the dredging of the liver qi.Abnormal dredging and excretion of the liver, as far as the spleen is concerned, it is dizziness at the top, and diarrhea at the bottom; in the stomach, it is vomiting and belching at the top, fullness and pain in the middle, and constipation at the bottom.

③Smooth emotions: If the function of the liver is normal, the qi movement will be smooth, the qi and blood will be harmonious, and the mood will be cheerful; if the liver is depressed and the qi is stagnant, the mood will be depressed, or irritable and irritable.In addition, women's ovulation menstrual cycle and men's ejaculation are also closely related to the catharsis function of the liver.

(2) Store blood: the liver has the function of storing and regulating blood volume.The circulation of blood in the veins increases or decreases with the activities of the human body (including the influence of the yin and yang qi of the four seasons, day and night).During vigorous activity, the blood volume of each part of the body will increase; during rest and sleep, the required blood volume will decrease accordingly, and a large amount of blood will be stored in the liver.

If the function of the liver's blood storage is abnormal, it will cause pathological changes: insufficient liver blood, unable to nourish the eyes, dry eyes, blurred vision, or night blindness; not nourishing the tendons, resulting in tight tendons, numbness of the limbs, and difficulty in flexion and extension; Insufficient blood or the liver does not store blood, which can lead to less menstrual flow, or even amenorrhea, or heavy menstrual flow, or even metrorrhagia.

2. Liver's in will, in liquid, in body and in orifice
(1) Anger in mind: Anger can make qi and blood go up, yang qi rises and vents, so there is a saying that "great anger hurts the liver".

(2) The liquid is tears: tears have the function of moistening and protecting the eyes.But when the yin blood in the liver is insufficient, the eyes will be dry and astringent (insufficient tear secretion); when the eyes are red due to wind-fire, and the liver meridian is damp and hot, the eye glands will increase, and tears will flow against the wind.

(3) Joining tendons in the body, its splendor lies in the claws: the tendons are attached to the joints, and the contraction and relaxation of the tendons allow the joints to move freely.However, if you exercise too much for too long, your tendons will become weak and fatigued, and even the muscles will be injured and you will not be able to bend and stretch. Therefore, there is a saying that "long-term walking hurts the tendons".Insufficient blood in the liver leads to the loss of nourishment of the tendons, tremors in the hands and feet, numbness of the limbs, difficulty in flexion and extension, and even stretching and stretching. Therefore, it is said: "All winds that lose dizziness belong to the liver."

Although exercise is the function of tendons, the nourishment of tendons comes from the liver.The essence of the liver is scattered to nourish the tendons, and the tendons are nourished to be able to exercise vigorously.Conversely, if the Liver Qi is weakened, the tendons cannot be supplied with sufficient nutrition, and the mobility of the tendons will decrease.For example, the slow movement of the elderly is related to the failure of the liver to nourish the tendons. "The husband is seven or eight, the liver qi is weak, and the muscles cannot move."

The claws are the tendons, and the tendons are dominated by the liver.The deficiency and excess of the liver and tendons are often reflected in the nails.Those with strong tendons have tough claws; those with weakened tendons have thin and soft claws.In patients with liver disease, the claws are often brittle, dull, or deformed.

(4) The orifice is the eye: the eye, also known as "smart", the meridian of the liver is connected to the eye system, "the liver receives blood and can see".The vital energy of the internal organs and the six internal organs are focused on the eyes, and eyesight depends on the dredging of liver qi and the nourishment of liver blood.Therefore, if the yin blood in the liver is insufficient, the eyes will be dry and astringent, blurred vision or night blindness; wind-heat in the liver meridian will cause redness and itching of the eyes; Dizziness in the head; internal movement of the liver wind can cause the eyes to squint upwards.

([-]) Kidney
The kidneys are located at the waist, on both sides of the spine, one on the left and one on the left. Its meridian is the bladder, and the bladder is the exterior and interior. It fits the bone in the body and opens into the ear.Its functions are: the kidney stores essence, is the source of development and reproduction, governs bones to produce marrow, and governs water to maintain the balance of water metabolism in the body.The physiological function of the kidney is extremely important, and it is the source of life of the human body, so the ancients called the kidney the "innate foundation".

1. The main physiological functions of the kidney
(1) Storing essence, governing growth and reproduction: essence is the basic substance of life. , The kidney has the function of closing and storing essence, and has the essence of congenital and acquired essence.The former is endowed by parents and is the foundation of fertility and reproduction; the latter, derived from water and grains and metabolized by the spleen and stomach, is the nutrient for the human body to maintain life activities.Although the sources of the two are different, they both belong to the kidney.

Storing essence is an important function of the kidney.Regardless of the growth and development of the human body itself, as well as the reproduction of offspring, it is related to the role of the kidney storing essence.If the essence stored in the kidney is sufficient, the kidney qi will be strong, and if the essence stored in the kidney is insufficient, the kidney qi will decline. Therefore, the rise and fall of kidney qi is closely related to the development of the human body.For example, "Su Wen · Ancient Innocence Theory" discusses that when women are seven years old and men are about eight years old, their kidney qi gradually fills up, and there will be changes in teeth growth; Maturity, so women have menstrual events, and men have changes in the overflow of energy.When yin and yang are in harmony, children can be born; when a woman is 14 years old, and when a man is 16 years old, the kidney qi will gradually decline, and the vitality will decrease day by day, while the essence of the five viscera will gradually decrease; Less sperm, can no longer have children, and at the same time, the body is gradually aging.

Essence Qi in the kidney is the foundation of the body's life activities and plays an extremely important role in all aspects of the body's physiological activities.The essence of the kidney is also known as kidney yin and kidney yang.Kidney yin (yuan yin, true yin) that nourishes and moisturizes the organs and organs of the body; kidney yang (yuan yang, true yang) that promotes and warms the organs and organs of the body .Therefore, under pathological conditions, deficiency of kidney yin may cause asthenic heat, dizziness, tinnitus, soreness of the waist and knees, nocturnal emission, red tongue, little or no coating, etc.; Cold pain in the waist and knees, clear and long urination or enuresis, incontinence, edema, and sexual dysfunction.At the same time, because yin and yang in the kidney are the root of yin and yang in the human body.Therefore, it is common for the imbalance of yin and yang in the kidney to cause the imbalance of yin and yang in other viscera.Such as deficiency of kidney yin, unable to nourish liver yin, resulting in hyperactivity of liver yang and internal movement of liver wind; insufficiency of kidney water, disharmony between heart and kidney, and inflammation of heart fire; dry cough due to kidney yin not nourishing lung yin , hemoptysis; Wugeng diarrhea when the kidney yang is not warming the spleen yang;On the contrary, the imbalance of yin and yang in other viscera will also affect the kidney for a long time, so-called "long-term illness affects the kidney".

Due to the mutual root of yin and yang, no matter yin deficiency or yang deficiency, when the deficiency reaches a certain level, it will affect the other side, resulting in the mutual damage of yin and yang, and the deficiency of both yin and yang.

(2) Main water: The kidney plays an extremely important role in the process of water metabolism in the human body.If kidney disease loses its main function of water, it will not be able to maintain the balance of water metabolism in the body.The water enters the stomach, and is transported from the spleen to the lungs. The lung qi descends, and then the water flows down to the kidneys. The transpiration and gasification of the kidneys are transported to the whole body through the triple burner channel.This is the general process of the ups and downs of water in the body after being ingested from the outside.The water has turbidity, the clear one rises, and the turbid one descends.There is turbidity in the clear, and there is clearness in the turbidity.The water that rises to the lungs becomes qi and is clear. If it is clear, it will be transported from the lungs to the fur; The turbid ones are excreted from the body by the bladder; the clear ones in the turbidity are then gasified by the triple burner to rise to the lungs, and then descend to the kidneys through the lungs and water.In such a cycle, excess water is transformed into sweat, gas, and urine under the action of transpiration and gasification of the kidneys to be excreted from the body, so as to maintain the balance of the body's water metabolism.

Therefore, if the function of the kidney controlling water is abnormal, there may be abnormal urination, or oliguria, anuria; or polyuria, enuresis, diabetes insipidus, or even edema.

(3) Main intake of qi: intake, that is, fixation and acceptance, means that the kidneys have the function of absorbing the clear qi inhaled by the lungs and preventing superficial breathing.The intake of qi by the kidney is an important condition to ensure the exchange of gas inside and outside the body, and it maintains the depth of breathing.

"Classic Syndrome Treatment · Asthma Syndrome" says: "The lung is the master of qi, the kidney is the root of qi, the lung governs the discharge of qi, the kidney governs the intake of qi, the intersection of yin and yang, and the harmony of breathing." Therefore, the function of the kidney governing the intake of qi is normal, Breathe evenly and peacefully.If the kidneys do not receive qi, the breathing will be superficial, wheezing frequently, more exhalation and less inhalation, etc.

(End of this chapter)