TCM Acupuncture and Massage

Chapter 6 Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (5)
2. Kidney in mind, fluid, body and orifice
(1) Fear in mind: Fear belongs to the kidney. "Su Wen Ju Pain Theory" says: "Fear causes Qi to descend, fright causes Qi to become disordered", that is, when a person is frightened, the Qi mechanism in the upper burner is blocked and forced to go to the lower burner, resulting in swelling of the lower burner and even enuresis.

(2) The liquid is saliva: saliva is mouth fluid, and the thicker saliva is called saliva.Saliva is transformed by the essence of the kidney, swallowed without vomiting, and has the effect of nourishing the essence of the kidney.Therefore, excessive saliva or prolonged saliva is easy to consume the essence in the kidney.

(3) The body is the bone, which governs the bone to generate marrow and connects the brain, and its flower is in the hair: the kidney governs the bone to generate marrow, and promotes the growth and development of the human body.The kidney produces bone marrow, which is stored in the bone cavity to nourish the bones.Deficiency of kidney essence and emptiness of bone marrow can lead to late closure of the fontanel in children and weak bones; fragile bones in the elderly and easy fractures.

Marrow is divided into bone marrow, spinal cord, and brain marrow, but all of them are transformed by the essence of the kidney.Therefore, the ups and downs of essence in the kidneys not only affect the growth and development of bones, but also affect the filling and development of the spinal cord and brain.Kidney is also the organ of strength, which refers to light, strong, delicate and sensitive movements.Therefore, if the kidney essence is abundant and the essence is sufficient, the spirit will be vigorous, sensitive and intelligent, the muscles and bones will be strong, and the movements will be powerful.Conversely, if the kidney is deficient, the essence is weak and the marrow is low, the back will be sore, the bones will be weak, the spirit will be tired, dizzy and forgetful.

"Teeth is more than bone", the growth and loss of teeth are closely related to the rise and fall of essence in the kidney.If the essence in the kidney is abundant, the teeth will be strong and not easy to fall out; if the essence in the kidney is insufficient, the teeth will be easy to loosen and even fall out early.

The nutrition of hair comes from blood, so there is a saying that "hair is the rest of blood".But the vitality of the hair is rooted in the kidney qi, so the hair is the flower of the kidney.The state of hair growth is a reflection of the ups and downs of kidney qi.The kidney qi of the young and middle-aged is full, and the hair is shiny; the kidney qi of the elderly is gradually weakened, and the hair is gray and easy to fall off.If you see people who are young and dry, prematurely shedding, and premature whitening, it should be related to the deficiency of kidney essence and blood deficiency.

(4) The orifice is the ear and the front and rear yin: the ear is the auditory organ, which is closely related to the profit and loss of kidney essence. "Lingshu·Maidu" states: "Kidney qi flows through the ears, and when the kidneys are harmonious, the ears can hear the five tones." Therefore, if the kidney essence is sufficient and the marrow sea is nourished, the hearing will be sensitive and the discrimination ability will be strong; otherwise, if the kidney essence is insufficient, If the sea of ​​marrow is empty, hearing loss, or tinnitus and deafness may be seen.

Two yin, that is, the front genitalia (external genitalia) and the back yin (anus).The former is the organ for urination and reproduction, and the latter is the channel for excreting feces.Abnormal urination is related to the dysfunction of kidney qi transformation; deficiency of kidney yin can cause intestinal fluid to dry up and cause constipation; deficiency of kidney yang can cause constipation or diarrhea due to yang deficiency; You can see chronic diarrhea and slippage.

Two and six fu-organs

The six Fu organs refer to the gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, and triple burner.In general, its physiological functions are to receive and decompose water and grains, output waste products, conduct dross, dredge waterways, transport water, and store essence, etc., which are related to the digestion, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients.

([-]) Gallbladder
The gallbladder is attached to the liver and contains the essence, and its meridian is the liver. "Nanjing 49 Difficulties" says: "The gallbladder is between the short leaves of the liver, and contains the essence and juice in three combinations." Because the gallbladder stores the essence, it is called It is known as the "Mansion of Zhongjing".The essence juice in the gallbladder is a clean juice, which is different from the turbidity contained in other transferred organs, so it is also called "Zhongqing organ".Because the gallbladder has the characteristic of storing essence, it belongs to both the six internal organs and the extraordinary and permanent internal organs.If the excretion of bile is not smooth and affects digestion, symptoms such as swelling and pain under the flanks, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, and loose stools may be seen;

Courageous and upright, heroic and decisive, "Lingshu·Linglan Secret Canon" states: "The courageous, the official of Zhongzheng, is decisive."

([-]) Stomach
The stomach is located under the diaphragm, connected to the esophagus at the top, and the small intestine at the bottom. Its meridian is the spleen.Cardia is called Shangwan, pylorus is also called Xiawan, the area between Shangwan and Xiawan is called Zhongwan, and the three parts are collectively called Stomach.Food and drink come from the mouth, pass through the esophagus, and are accommodated in the stomach.The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and decompose water and grains, so it is called "Taicang" and "Sea of ​​Water and Valley".Improper diet, uncleanness, abnormal hunger and fullness, or improper cold or heat will affect the normal function of the stomach.Stomach qi tends to be harmonious and descending, that is to say, the Tongli decreases. If the stomach qi does not descend but instead rises, symptoms such as belching, nausea, vomiting, and hiccups will appear.

([-]) small intestine

The upper end of the small intestine is connected to the pylorus and the stomach. The lower end is connected to the large intestine, and its meridian is the heart.The junction of the small intestine and the large intestine is called the appendix.After the water and grain are decomposed by the stomach, they pass through the pylorus and enter the small intestine.The small intestine receives water and grains from the stomach for careful digestion and detoxification.What is clear is body fluid, and what is turbid is dregs.The clear ones are absorbed and transferred to various viscera, tissues and organs, and finally seep into the bladder; the turbid ones pass through the appendix and inject into the large intestine.That is, the secretory function of the small intestine is related to the amount of urine.If the secretory function of the small intestine is abnormal, the stool will be thin and the urine will be short.

([-]) large intestine

The large intestine is located in the abdominal cavity, including the ileum and rectum. The ileum is connected to the appendix above and the rectum below. The lower end of the rectum is the anus (poor port).Its meridian lung.The dross poured from the small intestine absorbs the water in the large intestine, transforms it into formed feces, and excretes it through the anus.Therefore, the large intestine is the channel for conveying dregs.Because the large intestine has the function of absorbing water, the dross can be formed when it is passed to the large intestine.If the large intestine is deficient and cold and cannot absorb water, there will be symptoms such as borborygmus, abdominal pain, and loose stools; on the contrary, if the large intestine is excess heat and excessive water consumption, there will be evidence of constipation.

([-]) Bladder

The bladder is located in the lower abdomen, and its meridian is the kidney.The function of the bladder is mainly to store body fluid and store and excrete urine.Therefore, "Suwen·Linglan Secret Manual" stated:

"The person with the bladder is the official of the state capital. The body fluid is stored, and it can be released when it is vaporized."Urine in the bladder is a product of the process of gasification, which is transformed by body fluid together with sweat. Therefore, the bladder is one of the important organs involved in the metabolism of water in the human body. Only when the function of the bladder is normal can water waste be continuously excreted from the body. Only the water liquid can continuously run and transport the cloth.Therefore, urine and body fluid often interact with each other.If there is a lack of body fluid, it will be difficult to urinate; on the contrary, if you urinate too much, you will also lose body fluid.

([-]) triple burner

Sanjiao is the collective name of the upper, middle and lower jiaos, belonging to the chest and abdomen respectively. It is the channel for water and valleys to enter and exit.It is an important organ in maintaining the balance of water metabolism, so "Suwen·Linglan Secret Code" is called "the official who decides to blaspheme, where the water flows out".

To maintain the physiological function of the triple burner mainly lies in vitality and stomach qi.Yuan Qi is in the gate of life, which is the congenital real fire, and the triple burner and the gate of life are connected with each other, so the triple burner governs the fire of Shaoyang.The Sanjiao guides the vitality of the gate of life and the distribution of stomach qi throughout the body, and together promotes the physiological activities of various visceral tissues.

It is the general function of Sanjiao to control all qi and dredge water channels.But the triple energizer is divided into upper, middle, and lower energizers, that is, the middle wan is the middle energizer, the upper energizer is the upper energizer, and the lower energizer is the lower energy, each with its own characteristics.

1. Shangjiao mainly receives water and grains, and applies the air of water and grains to the whole body to warm and nourish the skin, joints, and regulate the interstitial muscles. "Lingshu·Determination Qi Chapter" "Development of Shangjiao, spread the taste of five grains, smoke the skin, fill the body, and moisturize the hair, like the irrigation of mist and dew."

2. The middle burner mainly decomposes water and grains, secretes dross, steams body fluid, and transmits nutrients through the lungs to transform and generate nutrient qi.

3. The lower jiao is clear and turbid, excretes dregs and urine, and its qi mainly goes downward.It can be seen that the upper, middle and lower triple burners include the main functions of receiving water and food, digesting food, transforming qi and blood, transporting nutrition, and excreting waste.The function of the triple energizer is related to the gasification function of the whole human body, so the "Zhongzang Jing" says: "The triple energizer connects the inside, the inside, the bottom, the left, and the left. Leading from above to below, there is nothing greater than this."

[-]. Shape and orifices
Body, that is, the five bodies: skin, flesh, tendons, bones, and arteries; organ orifices, that is, ears, eyes, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, throat, anus, and anus.The body and the organs are connected with the internal viscera through the meridians, and are closely related to the viscera in terms of physiology and pathology.

([-]) Shape

There is a specific corresponding connection between the five internal organs and the body.

1. Skin, also known as skin, covers the surface of the human body. There are hairs, sweat pores, etc. on the skin.The skin has the function of preventing the invasion of external evils, regulating the body fluid metabolism and body temperature, and assisting breathing to a certain extent.The skin is most closely related to the lungs, and also has extensive connections with the twelve meridians.

(1) Physiological functions of the skin
① Defense against exogenous evils: The skin is the largest protective organ on the surface of the human body and the main barrier to defend against exogenous evils. Exogenous pathogenic factors first invade the skin.If the skin is dense, the evil will not be able to cause people, so it cannot cause disease; if the skin is loose and the defense qi is insufficient, the evil qi can take advantage of the weakness and cause disease.

②Regulate body fluid metabolism: Sweat is metabolized by body fluid, and sweating is one of the ways for body fluid excretion. If the skin is loose and the pores are open, sweating will be more; otherwise, sweating will be less.Therefore, the density of the skin interstitial regulates the excretion of body fluid.If the adjustment is improper, excessive sweating will damage the body fluid, and even cause body fluid deficiency.

③ Regulating body temperature: The warmth of the human body depends on the function of Wei Qi.Most of Weiyang exists in body fluid.If you feel exogenous pathogens, the sweat pores are closed, sweating does not come out, and Weiyang does not come out, so you get fever due to depression, use antidiarrheal medicine to make the sweat pores open, sweating will leak out, yang qi will dissipate, and the fever will subside Therefore, "Suwen Qitongtian Lun" said: "The body is like burnt charcoal, sweating and dissipating."But sweating too much will cause the yang energy to be lost with the body fluid, resulting in yang deficiency, and even the death of yang due to profuse sweating.

④Auxiliary respiration: Respiration is mainly the function of the lungs, the opening and closing of the lungs and fur, and the opening and closing of sweat pores can also play a role in assisting respiration, so they are also called air valves.

(2) Relationship between skin and lungs
① The lungs distribute essence and nourish the skin: the lungs distribute water and grain essence to the fur, making the skin moist and the hair shiny.If the lung qi is deficient, the fur will become haggard.

②The lungs spread and defend qi, and reach the skin: the qi fills the skin and flesh, and has three main functions: warming and nourishing the skin; assisting the skin to resist external evils; controlling the opening and closing of sweat pores.If the lungs are deficient and the defending qi is not sufficient, the patient will suffer from cold skin, sweat more, and have poor resistance, which is easy to be infected by external pathogens and cause disease.If the external pathogen invades the lungs and the lungs fail to ventilate, the defensive qi in the skin cannot be released.Makes pores closed without sweating.Therefore, medicines that promote lung qi can often play a role in sweating.

③The skin is infected with evil, often transmitted to the lungs: the skin is cold, and symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and coughing are prone to occur in the lung meridian.

(3) The relationship between the skin and the meridians: according to the distribution of the twelve meridians on the body surface, the skin is divided into twelve parts, and each meridian nourishes a part of the skin, which is called the twelve skin parts.If a meridian has a lesion, it will be reflected from the skin where it is distributed.

(4) Interstitial texture: interstitial texture, that is, the texture of muscles and skin.Interstitial refers to the texture of muscles, also known as muscle interstitial, that is, the gap between muscle fibers; Li refers to the texture of skin, that is, the gap between skin.The interstices communicate with the triple energizers, and the vital energy and body fluid in the triple energizers flow outward to the interstices to nourish the skin and maintain the constant exchange of qi and fluid inside and outside the human body.The density of interstitial skin will affect the opening and closing of sweat pores and the excretion of sweat.Interstitial joints are also the gateway for exogenous evils to invade the human body.

2. Meat is muscle, which has the functions of protecting internal organs, resisting external evils and exercising.

(1) The structure and function of muscles

Muscle resides under the skin and attaches to skeletal joints.Its physiological functions are:
①Protect internal organs: The meat is distributed around the internal organs and muscles and bones, which plays a protective role.Especially in the chest and abdomen, the main viscera of the human body are hidden; the main barrier to protect these viscera is the muscles of this part.

②Resist external evils: The texture of muscles and skin is collectively called interstitial tissue, which is the gateway for external evils to invade the human body.If the defensive qi is sufficient, the intersectoids will be dense, so evils will not be able to invade. If the interstices are loose, it will be easy for exogenous diseases to enter.

③Exercise: When Chinese medicine refers to body exercise, it emphasizes the muscles and bones without ignoring the role of muscles.If the muscles are strong, the athletic ability will be strong; on the contrary, if the qi and blood are insufficient, the bones and muscles will not be nourished, the movement will be weak, and even the muscles will become flaccid and weak, and the limbs will not be used.

(2) Relationship between muscle and spleen
①Spleen transforms and generates essence to nourish muscles: the spleen governs the muscles of the body.

② Meat disease can spread internally to the spleen over time: Muscle lesions that don't heal for a long time, and repeated infections can be transmitted to the spleen, resulting in spleen lesions.

3. Tendons include tendons, ligaments and fascia.Tendons have functions such as connecting and restraining joints, presiding over movement, and protecting internal organs.Among the five internal organs, tendon and liver are most closely related, and have extensive connection with twelve meridians.

(1) Structure and function of ribs:

Tendons attach to bones and gather at joints.The tendons of the whole body are divided into three yin and three yang in the hands and feet according to the meridians they belong to, which are called twelve meridian tendons. Their main physiological functions are:

① Connecting and restraining joints: tendons attach to bones and connect them.At the junction of bones, tendons are wrapped and restrained to form joints to ensure the movement of limbs.

② Hosting movement: The reason why the joints of the human body can bend, stretch, pitch, and move freely mainly depends on the contraction and relaxation of tendons.

③Protection of viscera: Tendons, bones, flesh, and skin together form the body shell, which contains the internal organs, which has the function of protecting the viscera from damage.

(2) Relationship between tendons and liver

①The qi and blood of the liver can nourish the tendons: "Su Wen Meridian Bie Lun" says: "Food qi enters the stomach, disperses essence in the liver, and lustful qi in the tendons." Moisturizing effect.If the Qi and blood of the liver are insufficient, the tendons cannot be nourished sufficiently, and pathological changes will occur.

② Liver disease and tendons cause various tendon lesions: "Su Wen · Atrophy Theory" says: "When liver qi is hot, the gallbladder vents bitterly, the fascia is dry, and the fascia is dry, the tendons are anxious and contracted, and the hair is muscle flaccidity."

③ Muscle disease and liver: tendon disease will spread to the liver for a long time, causing liver disease.

(3) Relationship between tendons and meridians: The tendons of the whole body are divided into twelve parts according to the distribution of twelve meridians, and each part is nourished by the qi and blood of one meridian, and the qi of the meridian "congeals, gathers, disperses, and connects" in Among the tendons in this part, make this part of the tendon the "meridian tendon" of the meridian.

4. Bone and bone constitute the frame of the human body. The human body is composed of many brittle bones, hard bones and muscles connected to form the entire skeletal frame.Brittle bone is a kind of soft bone; hard bone is hard bone with strong supporting force.Bone has the functions of supporting the human body, protecting internal organs and performing movements.The bone is most closely related to the kidney.

(1) The structure and function of the bone: There is a cavity in the bone, which contains the bone marrow, so it is called "the house of the bone marrow".The organs that are connected by two or more bones to keep them moving are called joints.Bones are connected by joints to form the skeletal system.The main physiological functions of bone are:

①Supporting the human body: For example, the nape (cervical spine), back bone (thoracic spine), lumbar bone (lumbar spine) and shin bone (sacrum and coccyx) in the middle of the back of a person are connected by spinal tendons to form a spine that supports the human body.

②Protection of internal organs: For example, the Tianling Gai (parietal bone), Shanjiao bone (temporal bone), Lingyun bone (frontal bone) and posterior mountain bone (occipital bone) of the head are connected to form a shell to protect the brain.Another example is that the sternum and ribs of the chest are connected to form the thorax, which protects the heart and lungs.

③Movement: the joints of bones are restrained by tendons and wrapped to form joints.Through the contraction and relaxation of the tendons and muscles attached to the bones, the joints undergo flexion, extension and even rotation movements.

(2) The relationship between bone and kidney: the relationship between bone and kidney is very close, "kidney governs bone", the relationship between kidney and bone mainly includes:
①The kidney governs the bone marrow to nourish the bones: the bone marrow is metabolized by the kidney essence, and the growth, development and repair of bones all depend on the nourishment of the kidney essence.If the kidney essence is sufficient, the bone marrow will be filled, the bones will be full and strong, and the limbs will be light and powerful; on the contrary, the kidney essence will be insufficient and the bone marrow will be empty, which will cause bone dysplasia, such as delayed closure of the fontanel in children, and bone weakness.The kidney qi of the elderly is gradually weakened, and the bones lose nourishment, so the bones are fragile, easy to fracture, and difficult to heal after fracture.

②Teeth is more than bone: "Teeth is more than bone". Teeth and bone have the same source of nutrition, and they both depend on the nourishment of kidney essence to grow. Clinically, the slow growth of children's teeth or the looseness and premature loss of teeth in adults are all related to the deficiency of kidney essence. close relationship.according to. According to the theory of "kidney governing bones", the method of tonifying the kidney is often used to treat certain bone and dental diseases, and has received good results.

(End of this chapter)