Problems that are difficult for scientists to understand

Chapter 11 Historical Mysteries (1)
How did the moon map come about
In the early 20s, archaeologists discovered a batch of ancient rock paintings in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, on which there were magical pictures of the moon.After identification, these petroglyphs were probably drawn in the Paleolithic Age, with a history of tens of thousands of years ago.The lunar map in the petroglyphs is composed of a series of related pictures. Among them, the expression technique of the full moon is particularly special. It not only records a circle, but also finely depicts 60 radiating fine lines at the lower left of the south pole of the moon. Wire.Today, we have to rely on astronomical telescopes to observe these radiation patterns centered on lunar craters.However, tens of thousands of years ago, ancient humans were still in the primitive age of drilling wood for fire and knotting ropes to keep track of events. How did they know this?Moreover, the geographic location of the radiation pattern in the painting is depicted so accurately and meticulously, which is really unbelievable.Could it be that these patterns were drawn by the ancients with their imagination?If these pictures were not drawn by them, who would their real painters be?We don't know.

The Mystery of the Miniature Oracle

In Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, people discovered a batch of extremely precious miniature oracle bone inscriptions.There are 293 pieces of oracle bone inscriptions in this batch. The inscriptions carved on the oracle bones are as small as flower seeds and cannot be seen clearly with the naked eye. They must be magnified more than 5 times to clearly identify the engraved content.Among them, there is a piece of oracle bone shell with an area of ​​only 2.7 square centimeters, the size of a small button, and 30 oracle bone characters engraved on it as thin as a hair.These oracle bone inscriptions are very slender. With the help of a magnifying glass, we can find that there are two types of strokes, one is straight and the other is round.Its straight pen carving is powerful and powerful, and its round pen carving is smooth and smooth.

Although there were many skilled craftsmen in ancient times, it is still hard for us to imagine that people 3000 years ago could carve such exquisite miniature oracle bone inscriptions.Whose masterpiece is this?According to expert appraisal, they belong to the works from the later years of Zhou Wenwang to the early years of Zhou Kangwang.3000 years ago, microscopic technology had not yet appeared, so how could handwriting be engraved by hand?Were their authors really ancient?
All of these are still unsolved mysteries.

The Secret of the Red Cliff Book of Heaven

On the cliff of Guan Suoling in Anshun, Guizhou, there were once 19 iron-red mysterious symbols shaped like ancient characters, not engraved or engraved, written on the light red rock surface, known as "Hongya Tianshu".The heavenly script is neither seal script nor official script, it is arranged in a patchwork order, and no one has been able to read it for many years.Although I don't know how many wind and rain erosions it has experienced, the color of Tianshu has never faded.It was not until the Qing Dynasty that some people destroyed the rock surface for rubbing the Tianshu, which made it lose its original appearance. Coupled with some natural and man-made disasters in the future, today's Hongya Tianshu only has a few blurred remnants of strokes.

According to local chronicles, the Hongya Book of Heaven has no traces of carving, as if made by nature, so it is named "Book of Heaven".Are these mystical symbols really natural?Some researchers believe that the Red Cliff Book of Heaven is a "monument of achievement" inscribed by Emperor Gaozong of Yin when he was hunting ghosts.If so, they should belong to the same system as the oracle bone inscriptions, but people have not been able to find oracle bone inscriptions with the same graphics as the Tianshu.A Ming Dynasty poem titled "Ode to Hongyan" describes the Hongya Tianshu, saying that it is an ancient script like Zhong Dingwen.But how to interpret this ancient text?Now, more and more people are trying to understand and decipher the heavenly book. I believe that one day people will unlock this secret.

The Mystery of "Wooden Cow and Horse"

In historical books such as "Three Kingdoms" and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", there are records about "wooden cattle and flowing horses".It is said that it is a means of transportation invented by Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of Shu, during the Northern Expedition.Judging from the detailed size and other information about the wooden ox and the horse recorded in the historical books, the wooden ox and the horse should really have something.But the problem is that although there are detailed descriptions of its size in the history books, there are no real objects or graphics handed down, making it difficult for future generations to copy, and it is impossible to get a glimpse of the mystery.

At present, most textbooks generally say that the wooden ox and the flowing horse are a means of transportation invented by Zhuge Liang.What kind of transportation is it?Some people think that Zhuge Liang's wooden ox and horse are actually the four-wheeled carts and wheelbarrows that still exist in large numbers in Sichuan today.The Shu road out of Sichuan is difficult and rugged. Many plank roads along the river are cut on the cliffs, narrow and dangerous, and some are only more than one meter wide, which can only accommodate vehicles such as wheelbarrows.But those who hold a negative view think that the mechanical principles of unicycles and four-wheeled vehicles are very simple, and unicycles have come out before this.If what Zhuge Liang made was only a unicycle, why would the history books write so much about it?
Due to different opinions, it is still an unsolved mystery whether "Wooden Niu Liuma" exists and what it looks like.

Who wrote "Lanting Preface"

Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is known as the "Sage of Calligraphy", and his "Orchid Pavilion Preface" has always been regarded as a masterpiece in calligraphy.However, some people think that the real author of "Lanting Preface" is not necessarily Wang Xizhi.

Zhao Wei, a master of calligraphy and painting in the Qing Dynasty, pointed out that there is no trace of official script in the handed down version of "Lanting Preface", which does not conform to the calligraphy tradition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Modern scholar Li Wentian believes that the style of the handed down "Lanting Preface" is after the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which is different from the style of Han Wei official script in the Eastern Jin Dynasty; moreover, the style of "Lanting Preface" and Wang Xizhi's "Linhe Preface" is too different, and they are not the same person at all. made.Based on this, he also believed that Wang Xizhi was not the real author of "Lanting Preface".

There are many people who disagree with the above point of view.They believe that during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, official script was not unified in the world, and it was precisely because Wang Xizhi completely got rid of the traces of official script and combined cursive and regular script for the first time that he created the calligraphy style after the Sui and Tang Dynasties.Therefore, we cannot deny that Wang Xizhi is the real author of "Lanting Preface", but we have to wait for more of his calligraphy works to be unearthed in the world before we can tell the authenticity.

Is there really a Peach Blossom Spring in the world?
Tao Yuanming, a great poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, described an ideal society of freedom and happiness in his famous work "Peach Blossom Spring".But whether the "Peach Blossom Spring" really exists is still a mystery.

Some people believe that Taohuayuan is a "Utopia" that does not exist at all, and that Tao Yuanming invented it out of thin air.The author wants to completely negate the real society at that time through it, so as to entrust his poetic ideal of rural landscape in his life.

And more people are willing to believe that "Peach Blossom Spring" does exist.They think that "Peach Blossom Spring" is a literary work, and "Peach Blossom Spring" is of course a literary model.However, the people, events, scenes, and environments in literary works often have prototypes.Shuixi, 15 kilometers southwest of Taoyuan County, Changde City, Hunan Province, is surrounded by mountains and forests, shaded by pines and bamboos, and the scenery is beautiful. This is the prototype of the Taohuayuan described by the poet.Liu Ziqi, a modern scholar, also pointed out in the article "Ye Taohuayuan Jiye and the Miao Nationality in Western Hunan" that the social scene in "Peach Blossom Spring" was a true portrayal of the life of the Miao people living in Taoyuan area at that time, because the local people had "convenience" when they saw the guests. Invite home" custom.Therefore, whether the beautiful Peach Blossom Spring described by the poet really exists is still a mysterious mystery.

Is "Man Jianghong" Yue Fei's work?
According to the tradition, the poem "Manjianghong" was written by Yue Fei, an anti-golden hero in the Song Dynasty.

However, some modern scholars have raised objections to this, which has sparked a long-term debate in the academic circles.

Some scholars believe that the content of this poem was first seen in the Ming Dynasty, but it was not recorded in the works of the Song and Yuan dynasties, and it was not included in the "Jin Tuo Cui Bian" compiled by Yue Fei's grandson Yue Ke. .In addition, judging from the content of the words, it also makes people suspicious.The place where Yue Fei confronted Jin Bing was in Lianghu and Henan. His ambition is to go straight to Huanglong Mansion, which is in Jilin Province.The so-called Helan Mountain in the poem "drive a long car and break through the gap of Helan Mountain" is in Gansu and Ningxia.In the Ming Dynasty, the conflict between the government and the Tatars in the northwest intensified, and there was a war in the Helan Mountain area.

Therefore, the word should come from the hands of a general in the Ming Dynasty.

Is it true?It seems that there is still room for further research as to who made "Man Jianghong".

where the desert gallery came from
In 1983, a group of French soldiers entered the Sahara Desert.They discovered a large group of murals stretching for several kilometers in the hinterland of the desert.After the news came out, it aroused the interest of many scholars.

According to the research of meteorologists, more than 1 years ago, the Sahara Desert was a lush oasis.It was not until more than 4000 years ago that the climate changed slowly and became the barren land it is today. The content of the murals just reflects this vicissitudes of life.The earliest murals here were painted between 8000 BC and 7000 BC. In the patterns of this period, water buffalo, elephant and hippopotamus and other herbivores that are very dependent on water appeared.By the 2nd century BC, the images of cows and horses had disappeared and were replaced by camels, which shows that the climate in the Sahara is gradually becoming drier and the land is beginning to desertify.

But who painted these murals?From the human ruins discovered nearby, people have only found some simple stone tools, and the civilization and historical age it represents are still a mystery.The magical Sahara desert gallery shows us an unknown world and leaves us with a bigger puzzle.

How did the giant painting of the wasteland come about?

In southern Peru, there is a wasteland full of sand and rocks.The ground of more than 500 square kilometers here is covered with huge and puzzling patterns. This is the famous Nazca giant painting.

These patterns are so unimaginably large that people can only see their true colors clearly at an altitude of more than 300 meters.All the patterns are formed by continuous winding lines, and the lines are very straight in many places, as if drawn with a ruler.Interestingly, the shapes of the patterns are all very weird.

Such as the famous capuchin monkey pattern, it is 130 meters long, the outline proportion is drawn accurately, but the tail is surprisingly long, rolled into a huge spiral shape.Who painted such a magical giant painting?Some people think it is the ancient Indians.In nearby tombs, people have found murals flying into the sky in hot air balloons, thus confirming that the Indians at that time may have drawn these patterns in hot air balloons.According to carbon-14 detection, these patterns were formed about 2400 years ago. Could it be that people at that time had mastered flying technology?Most of these patterns are not local flora and fauna, where did the ancients get their inspiration from?No wonder some people suggest that the giant Nazca painting is actually a navigation map for aliens, and those straight lines are the runways for their aircraft to take off and land.It seems that the mystery of this magical giant painting is still difficult to solve for a while.

The Mystery of Homer

Legend has it that in ancient Greece, there was a blind old man who traveled around with a lyre on his back and sang his poems to everyone in exchange for board and lodging.His poems tell of the glorious historical deeds, myths and legends of Greece.The old man was blind, so he didn't write those beautiful and pearl-like poems with his pen.However, after his death, the great poems have been handed down and resorted to writing.The poem is named after the old man and is called "Homer's Epic".

But there are two different opinions on whether Homer really existed in history.Some people believe that Homer was real.As early as the ancient Greek era, famous historians Herodotus, Thucydides, philosophers Plato and Aristotle all affirmed the existence of Homer.

(End of this chapter)