How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 35

It is a fine tradition of the CCP to attach importance to cadre education.When the Communist Party of China was founded, most of its members were intellectuals, and the issue of cadre education was not very prominent.However, with the expansion of the team, there are more and more illiterate cadres with peasant and worker backgrounds, and education and training are imperative.The resolution adopted by the First Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to establish a workshop for labor organizations to "train workers who are engaged in the practical work of our party." On August 1921, 8, Hunan Self-study University, organized by Mao Zedong and others, officially opened. In December, Li Da, the founder of the Communist Party of China, founded the Shanghai Minor Girls School in Shanghai, with the purpose of cultivating women's sports talents and carrying out women's work.The CCP believes that "all revolutionaries in society will only have the opportunity to receive training from the party and truly understand the party's theories after joining our party. We must never imagine that we can get many ready-made party members in Chinese society."

In order to improve the cultural level of party members and meet the needs of the revolutionary cause, the CCP has established various training courses, evening schools, and schools to educate and train party members and cadres and encourage cadres to study.There is a rock on Jinggang Mountain in Jiangxi Province.During the arduous struggle, Mao Zedong once read and reviewed documents on this big stone, and now this stone is named Reading Stone by Jinggangshan people.This stone has witnessed the history of Chinese Communists studying under difficult conditions. In 1933, the Marxist School of Communism (the predecessor of today's Central Party School) was established in Ruijin, Jiangxi, the largest base of the Central Revolutionary Base.The Yan'an period was a period when the CCP made outstanding achievements in educating party members and cadres. In 1938, Mao Zedong pointed out at a meeting: "It is our combat task to train a large number of new cadres in a planned way." In May 1939, Mao Zedong warned everyone to strengthen their studies at the Yan'an In-service Cadre Education Mobilization Conference. He said: "Comrades in the whole party, study knowledge, everyone must learn to the end, and all must enter this indefinite university. The whole party must be turned into a big school." Subsequently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the policy of "cadre education first" and established a special cadre Ministry of Education.Since 5, May 1940th of each year - Marx's birthday has been designated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China as the "cadre learning festival".At the first cadre learning festival, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De was rated as a learning model; Chen Yun's method of squeezing time to study was praised by Mao Zedong.Later, a general study committee was established, and Mao Zedong himself served as the head of the study committee.During this period, 5 schools for training cadres were established in Yan'an and surrounding areas, and many revolutionary cadres were trained.The German friend Anna Wang who visited Yan'an at that time called Yan'an "one of the largest education centers in China". There are many bookstores.

Students and soldiers of the Red Army crowded the counters to buy popular editions of Marxist classics. "For her, the hardware facilities in Yan'an are nothing, but the study has left a deep impression on her.

After the founding of New China, large-scale training was carried out for cadres, and cadres were selected to go to party schools, universities, accelerated middle schools for workers and peasants, various technical schools, and various training courses.Since the reform and opening up, more attention has been paid to the education and training of cadres. In 1977, the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which was closed during the "Cultural Revolution", resumed.At the opening ceremony, the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the importance of educating and training cadres.Since then, cadre education and training schools represented by the Central Party School have gradually become institutionalized, standardized, and scientific.Now cadres who want to be promoted must go to the party school for training, and promoted cadres must also go to the party school for training within a certain period of time.

In the 21st century, facing the trend of economic globalization and multi-polarization of the world, as well as the test of governance and market economy, the Communist Party of China pays more attention to the education and training of cadres.According to preliminary statistics, from 2003 to 2006, about 1900 million person-times of party and government officials, about 1100 million person-times of enterprise management personnel, and about 3300 million person-times of professional and technical personnel participated in all kinds of off-the-job training; ) level and above leading cadres have met the requirement of more than 80 months of off-the-job training within 5 years. In January 3, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the Regulations on Cadre Education.This is the first regulation on the education and training of cadres in history, and it is the basic regulation on the education and training of cadres.Together with the "Regulations on the Appointment of Cadres" and the "Regulations on Inner-Party Supervision", it provides a system guarantee for strengthening the selection, appointment, education and supervision of cadres. In December, the central government promulgated the "Eleventh Five-Year" national cadre education and training plan, which provided basic guidelines for the "Eleventh Five-Year" period (2006-1) cadre education and training.The Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to continue large-scale training of cadres and greatly improve the quality of cadres.

In 2010, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the "2010-2020 Reform Outline for Cadre Education and Training Work", which made a plan for the work of cadre education and training, and put forward a series of tasks, goals, and guarantee measures.This shows that the education and training of cadres has entered a new period.

At present, the pattern of cadre education and training work has basically stabilized. From the central level, the Central Party School, the National School of Administration, Pudong, Yan'an, Jinggangshan Cadre Academy, and Dalian Senior Manager College "one school and five colleges" have formed an overall cadre education and training system. pattern.There are also party schools and administrative colleges of different levels in each province, city, and county.In addition to these schools and colleges, some social institutions, education and training institutions, overseas training institutions, universities of national education, and training institutions of relevant departments also undertake the task of educating and training cadres.

French scholar Emily Tang believes that "the party school can be said to be the pulse of the party-state system in a sense, and it is an indicator of the evolution of the system", and it is also an important institution under this system. An important tool for mobility".

The Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is an important department directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. It plays the role of the main channel in the education and training of cadres.

India’s ambassador to China Jaishan Su believes, “China is very serious about reserving leadership talents, and there are many institutions that impress me, such as the Central Party School.” American scholar Shen Dawei also believes, “At the national level, the most important part of the entire training system The institution is still the Central Party School.” “In addition to training cadres, the Central Party School plays another important role as a think tank for the reform policy of the Chinese Communist Party.”

In the eyes of many people, the Central Party School is a mysterious place, with armed police standing guard at the gate, and it has never been opened to the outside world.In recent years, the Central Party School has taken the initiative to lift the veil of mystery, setting up a spokesperson and an open day, and foreign dignitaries, scholars, and journalists have the opportunity to visit the Central Party School.The Central Party School of the Communist Party of China also sent some young bureau-level cadres to Japan, Singapore, South Korea and other countries to study.

Mao Zedong once said many times that having knowledge is like standing on a mountain, and you can see far and many things, but without learning is like walking in a dark ditch, and you can't find the direction. It is really miserable.The CCP’s strengthening of education and training for cadres is actually a manifestation of being good at learning.Some foreign scholars have judged that the Chinese Communist Party is good at learning and can constantly summarize from foreign and its own governing experience, thus successfully adapting to changes in the situation and keeping up with the times.

(End of this chapter)