How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 36

In addition to emphasizing the training and selection of cadres, the Communist Party of China also attaches great importance to their education, supervision and management, especially emphasizing the construction of anti-corruption and honesty.As early as the Ruijin period (1931-1934), the Central Soviet Area launched an anti-corruption and anti-waste campaign that lasted two years. Corrupt elements such as Xie Busheng and Zuo Xiangyun were executed by shooting. This was the first large-scale anti-corruption campaign in the history of the CCP.During the Yan'an period, Mao Zedong punished Huang Kegong, Xiao Yubi and other cadres who had meritorious service but were corrupt.When the victory of the national revolution was about to be won in 1949, Mao Zedong promptly put forward the vigilance of "two musts" at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "It is imperative that comrades continue to remain humble, prudent, not arrogant, An unflappable style of work must enable comrades to continue to maintain a style of hard work."In the early days of the founding of New China, corrupt criminals such as Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan were severely punished.This series of measures has enabled the party and the government to maintain a relatively clean and clear style of work for a relatively long period of time, and has won the support of the people.At that time, Tao Zhiyue, a general of the Kuomintang who resolutely revolted because he hated the corruption of the Kuomintang, could not help but sigh: "With this hand, the Communist Party must live forever!"

Since the reform and opening up, due to the profound changes in the economic system, social structure, interest structure and people's ideology, and the incompleteness of various systems and mechanisms, corruption in some fields has occurred frequently. In April 1982, Deng Xiaoping said at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee: "Since we implemented the two policies of opening up to the outside world and invigorating the economy at home, in just one or two years, quite a few cadres have been corrupted." He also compared the situation at that time with the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, "The number of people involved in economic crimes is not a small number, but a large number. The seriousness of crimes is not the same as that of the 'Three Antis' and 'Five Antis' in the past." Compare that. At that time, those who embezzled more than 4 yuan were called "little tigers", and those who embezzled more than 1000 yuan were called "big tigers". In 1, when he was about to fully retire, he sent a message to the new central leadership group to "do a few things to satisfy the people", "mainly in two aspects, one is to reform and open up more boldly, and the other is to promptly punish corruption", "We must oppose corruption and engage in clean politics. It is not just a day or two, or a month or two. We must oppose corruption throughout the process of reform and opening up."

Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the central leadership with Jiang Zemin at the core has emphasized strengthening and improving cadre supervision under new historical conditions. In 1995, Jiang Zemin clearly pointed out: "Nowadays, some cadres have been promoted and have more power, but they have relaxed their requirements; with more power, there are fewer people who directly supervise them, and more people use them and carry sedan chairs for them. If you are not vigilant, and if you do not educate and supervise the organization in a timely manner, problems will easily occur, and even major problems will occur.” In 1996, he also proposed: “After our party came to power, especially under the new historical conditions, we can Failure to successfully solve the problem of inner-party supervision, especially the supervision of senior and middle-level cadres, is an important issue that needs to be resolved in strengthening party building.” He even said: “Corruption in history has caused the most serious damage to officials. corruption.

It is not uncommon in Chinese feudal society to see examples of "people's death and government rest" and the collapse of dynasties due to the selling of officials and nobles and other corruption phenomena brought about and encouraged.This historical lesson is worthy of our attention. "

The central leadership with Hu Jintao as the general secretary also attaches great importance to fighting corruption and promoting integrity. In 2007, the report of the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the concept of "anti-corruption and upholding integrity", and defined it as the basic task of party building together with the party's ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction, and system construction, and clarified its strategy position. On July 2011, 7, Hu Jintao pointed out at the meeting celebrating the 1th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China: "The development of the party in the past 90 years tells us that resolutely punishing and effectively preventing corruption is related to the support of the people and the survival of the party. Do a good job of major political tasks." Therefore, "the whole party must keep ringing the alarm bells, fully understand the long-term, complex, and arduous nature of the fight against corruption, put the fight against corruption in a more prominent position, and with more firm confidence , a more resolute attitude, and more powerful measures to promote the construction of a system for punishing and preventing corruption, and unswervingly carry out the anti-corruption struggle to the end." This also fully demonstrates the determination of the central government to carry out anti-corruption construction.

Specifically, since the reform and opening up, the party and the government have mainly adopted the following series of measures to combat corruption and promote integrity.The first is to increase punishment and strictly investigate and deal with corruption cases in accordance with the law and discipline. This is the most direct and effective means of fighting corruption.In recent years, party discipline inspection departments at all levels, national judicial organs, and government supervisory organs have maintained a strong momentum in punishing corruption, and have made sure that they investigate and deal with corruption at the same time.Severely punished Cheng Kejie, former vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Zheng Xiaoyu, former director of the State Food and Drug Administration, Du Shicheng, former deputy secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, Hou Wujie, former deputy secretary of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, and Chen Shaoji, former chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference , former Shenzhen Mayor Xu Zongheng, former Supreme People's Court Vice President Huang Songyou, former Minister of Railways Liu Zhijun and other corrupt officials. In December 2010, the State Council Information Office released the white paper "China's Anti-Corruption and Clean Government Construction" for the first time, which shows that from 12 to 2003, procuratorates at all levels across the country filed and investigated more than 2009 cases of corruption, bribery, malfeasance and infringement of rights.In 24 alone, the national discipline inspection and supervision agencies filed 2010 cases, closed 139621 cases, imposed party and political discipline sanctions on 139482 people, and transferred 146517 people to judicial organs for suspected crimes. In June 5373, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection released data stating that from November 2012 to the end of 6, 2007 cases were filed by the national discipline inspection and supervision agencies, 11 people were punished by party and government discipline, and more than 2011 people were transferred to judicial organs for suspected crimes. .

The second is to strengthen the construction of a clean government culture, which is a basic work for anti-corruption and clean government construction.Over the years, the Communist Party of China has been unremittingly carrying out anti-corruption publicity and education among cadres, urging state staff to enhance their awareness of integrity and self-discipline. In 2006, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formulated the "Regulations on Cadre Education and Training Work (Trial Implementation)", which included clean government education in the cadre education and training plan and made it a compulsory course for leading cadres at all levels.For newly-appointed leading cadres and newly recruited national staff, conduct integrity training before taking office and on the job, and establish integrity training files.In some places, before the selection of leading cadres, the examination of laws and regulations on clean government is also conducted, and it is used as a condition for appointment. In 2010, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and other six ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of a Clean Government Culture", proposing to carry out extensive activities to create a clean government culture, strengthen the construction of a clean government culture, implement high-quality projects of a clean government culture, and learn from the excellent traditions of the Chinese nation. The essence of clean government culture is displayed in the form of literature and art, film and television works, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, and public service advertisements, which are popular with the masses, to achieve the effect of touching the ears, brains, and hearts, and truly touching and shocking the souls of the educated. Advocate the good manners of honesty.

At the same time, the system construction of anti-corruption and honesty is also being continuously improved.For example, the discipline inspection and supervision departments work together, leading cadres work in different places, and most high-level corruption cases are investigated and tried in different places. In 2003, the central and provincial party committees began to implement the inspection system. The central inspection team successively carried out inspections to 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, some central financial units and key state-owned enterprises. Areas and units under their jurisdiction have carried out targeted inspections.Through inspections, the inspection team has learned a lot of information, such as Chen Liangyu, former secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, Hou Wujie, former deputy secretary of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, Li Baojin, former chief prosecutor of the Tianjin Procuratorate, Du Shicheng, former deputy secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee, and He Minxu, former vice governor of Anhui Province Some clues to the case were discovered during inspections.Since 2004, the Party’s disciplinary and procuratorial organs have also implemented unified management over the stationed agencies, changing the dual leadership of the stationed agencies from the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Ministry of Supervision, and the resident departments to the direct leadership of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Ministry of Supervision, in order to strengthen the supervision of the stationed institutions. Department leadership, especially the supervision of the main leading cadres. In 2007, the central government established the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention, and some provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) also successively established corruption prevention agencies to coordinate all aspects of corruption prevention work.

In recent years, China has kept pace with the times and promoted the innovation of investigation and handling of cases, attaching great importance to the positive role of the Internet in strengthening supervision, earnestly strengthening the collection, research, judgment and disposal of Internet public opinion, and improving the acceptance mechanism of reporting websites and the use of clues and a feedback system to provide a convenient and smooth channel for citizens to use the Internet to exercise their supervisory rights. In 2003, the Supreme People's Procuratorate began to establish an online reporting platform. In December 2005, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Ministry of Supervision also announced the website of the reporting center for the first time. On June 12, 2009, the website of the Supreme People's Procuratorate officially updated its address, and within one day of its opening, 6 clues for reporting were accepted.On October 22 of the same year, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Ministry of Supervision launched a unified national discipline inspection and supervision report website. On that day, 1545 reports were received, and a total of 10 reports were accepted in half a year, of which there were more signed reports and effective reports. In 28, the website received more than 3105 online reports.This means that online reporting has officially been included in the official and authoritative anti-corruption channels, and it has become the main way for whistleblowers to provide clues to the procuratorate.The Zheng Dashui case investigated and dealt with in Jiangsu is a typical case of online reporting. In January 32500, someone reported on the Internet that Zheng Dashui, former deputy director of the Government Procurement Management Division of the Suzhou Finance Bureau, had accepted bribes in government procurement.After receiving the tip of the report, the procuratorate left a message in the reply column, asking the informant to provide key information.Within two days, the procuratorate and the whistleblower communicated more than 2011 times, and basically grasped the criminal facts of Zheng Dashui, breaking through the case in one fell swoop.

At the same time, the Internet has increasingly become an important channel for expressing anti-corruption appeals due to its characteristics of openness, transparency, speed, security, and wide-ranging influence, and the non-governmental network supervision team has also continued to grow.According to China Youth Daily's online survey data, 75.5% of people are willing to use "network exposure channels" to participate in the anti-corruption campaign.In recent years, with the cooperation of netizens and relevant departments, a series of classic cases of anti-corruption on the Internet have emerged, such as the Diary Gate of the Director of Tobacco and the Sinopec sky-high priced alcohol incident.Among them, the fall of Zhou Jiugeng, the former director of the Jiangning District Real Estate Administration Bureau in Nanjing City, is a typical case.From 1500 yuan a piece of "Nine Five Supreme" cigarettes to Vacheron Constantin watches worth about 10 yuan to driving a Cadillac luxury car to work, Zhou Jiugeng's extravagant life was gradually exposed, and he was finally severely punished by the law.This incident undoubtedly highlights the power of the Internet anti-corruption.

In recent years, China has also attached great importance to international exchanges and cooperation in anti-corruption, and strengthened anti-corruption exchanges and cooperation with countries, regions and relevant international organizations in the world.So far, China has signed 68 various judicial assistance treaties with 106 countries and regions, and has actively joined relevant anti-corruption international organizations. In 2006, the Supreme People's Procuratorate of China initiated the establishment of the International Federation of Anti-Corruption Bureaus, which is the world's first international organization with anti-corruption agencies from various countries and regions as members.China has also successfully hosted international conferences such as the Seventh International Anti-Corruption Conference, the Seventh Conference of the Asian Ombudsman Association, the Fifth Asia-Pacific Anti-Corruption Conference, the First Annual Conference of the International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities, and the APEC Anti-Corruption Symposium. , and participated in many international anti-corruption conferences such as the Global Anti-Corruption Forum, the Global Forum on Government Reform, and the International Anti-Corruption Conference.

After continuous exploration, the Communist Party of China has established the policy of treating both symptoms and root causes, comprehensive management, simultaneous punishment and prevention, and emphasis on prevention, which has promoted the anti-corruption and clean government construction as a whole.According to the results of the poll conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics, from 2003 to 2010, the Chinese public’s satisfaction with the effectiveness of anti-corruption and building a clean government rose steadily, from 51.9% to 70.6%; It also rose from 68.1% to 83.8%.In the assessment of Transparency International, China's ranking has also risen year by year.Liao Ran, its senior director in charge of East Asia and South Asia regional affairs, commented: Although China still has a long way to go to effectively control corruption, what is important is that the anti-corruption campaign has been moving in the right direction and has established an anti-corruption framework. "China's progress is relatively solid and relatively fast in Asia."

(End of this chapter)