How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 46

Social undertakings are closely related to people's livelihood and are the strategic focus of China's current social construction.

After the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government made the strategic deployment to speed up social construction, social undertakings, especially employment, medical care, and housing, which are related to basic people's livelihood, have received unprecedented attention, and the pace of development has accelerated significantly.

Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and promoting employment is a policy for the stability of the country.China has a large population and a large labor force, and the employment pressure has always been relatively high.The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government attach great importance to employment work, and continue to solve employment problems with active policies and powerful measures.

For a long time, due to the constraints of the irrational industrial structure, especially the underdevelopment of the tertiary industry, China's employment structure has been irrational. In 1978, the proportion of employed persons in China's primary, secondary and tertiary industries was 70.5:17.3:12.2. Since 1992, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have vigorously developed labor-intensive industries, service industries, and non-public economies with large employment capacity and SMEs, adjust the economic structure and optimize the employment structure.After adjustment, by 2010, the proportion of employed persons in the three major industries will be 36.9:28.4:34.7, and the sum of employed persons in the secondary and tertiary industries will exceed two-thirds of the total number of employed persons. The employment structure will become increasingly reasonable.

Entering the new era of reform and opening up, in order to promote full employment, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have launched active employment policies in due course.This policy mainly includes ten policy measures including tax reduction and exemption, small loans, social subsidies, employment assistance, separation of primary and secondary services, employment services, vocational training, unemployment control, financial investment, and social security.The implementation of the active employment policy has led to a steady increase in China's total employment.In recent years, China has maintained more than 1000 million new urban jobs each year, and the registered urban unemployment rate has been kept below 4.3%. 12011 In 1221, the number of new urban jobs in China reached 4.1 million, the highest in history; the registered unemployment rate was [-]%, which was at a historically low level.

As the saying goes: "There is nothing to be sick about." Sickness is inherently difficult, and if seeing a doctor becomes a difficult task, it will be even more painful. "Registration starts at five o'clock, and there is a one-stop queue", "When the ambulance rings, a pig is raised for nothing", these popular jingles in the past few years reveal people's complaints and helplessness about the difficulty of seeing a doctor.

In response to the difficulty of seeing a doctor that is widely concerned by the society, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a major decision to deepen the reform of the medical and health system. In April 2009, a "prescription" for the treatment of difficulty in seeing a doctor - the deepening medical reform plan was announced and implemented after three years of discussion and revision, and a new round of medical reform was officially launched.According to the reform goals, by 4, a basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural residents will be basically established, so that everyone can enjoy basic medical and health services.In a large country with a population of 2020 billion, it is not easy to provide universal basic medical insurance as a public product to urban and rural residents.Therefore, the US "Wall Street Journal" called China's medical reform goal an "ambitious plan".

After three years of hard work, this "ambitious plan" is gradually becoming a reality, and the chronic disease of "difficult and expensive medical treatment" has "melted" from the grassroots.

On the morning of February 2011, 2, the new inpatient department building of the People's Hospital of Golmud City, Qinghai Province. 21-year-old Sang Chengsheng is doing hemodialysis with the equipment newly purchased by the hospital.Sang Chengsheng is a farmer in Huangzhong County. The family's life depends entirely on the income of his wife's migrant workers and subsistence allowances.

Since suffering from kidney disease in 2006, hemodialysis was once a "mountain" on his head.In the beginning, the cost was 480 yuan each time, and I paid 45% myself; now, the new medical reform has reduced the cost of each dialysis to 240 yuan, and the reimbursement rate has also increased to 70%.In addition to the subsidy for serious illness treatment, he only paid about 6.3 yuan for the 1 yuan in dialysis fees and other treatment expenses last year, and the reimbursement rate was nearly 85%.Sang Chengsheng, who once borrowed money to save his life, said: "If it weren't for the new medical reform, my life might have died long ago."

Since the start of the new medical reform, basic medical insurance coverage has increased from 13 million people six years ago to 8.32 billion people today, of which 2009 million farmers have become the largest beneficiary group.The government subsidy standard increased from 80 yuan per person per year in 2011 to 200 yuan in 50, and the reimbursement ratio within the scope of the policy increased from less than 70% to about 95%.Lan Ruiming, representative of the World Health Organization in China, said: "The number of medical insurance participants in China has reached [-]% of the total population. This is a big leap and a bright spot. Although the health systems of all countries are changing, But the pace of China's medical reform has surpassed that of any other country."

The Lancet, one of the world's most authoritative medical journals, published an article saying that China's medical reform has created the world's largest medical insurance network, "Looking at the world, no other country can achieve such an achievement in five or six years... "

Housing is essential to people's livelihood. Words such as "commercial housing" and "house price" have appeared more and more in Chinese people's lives, and it is only in the past ten years.For a long time after the founding of New China, urban residents practiced a welfare housing allocation system.Although it is free housing in name, due to the "too many monks and too little food", there is a serious shortage of urban housing, and the overall living conditions of the people have not been improved for a long time.According to statistics, during the 1949 years from the founding of New China in 1978 to 30, a total of 5.3 million square meters of housing was built in China. In 1978, the per capita housing construction area in cities and towns was only 6.7 square meters. The housing conditions of urban residents were very difficult. , It is very common for three generations to live together in one room.

In order to better meet the housing needs of the people, after the reform and opening up, China began to explore the reform of the urban housing system. After 1998, the distribution of housing in kind was stopped, and the market-oriented reform of urban housing was comprehensively promoted.Since then, the real estate market has developed rapidly, providing residents with more and better choices for improving their housing conditions. From 1998 to 2008, the completed volume of commercial housing across the country reached 36.1 billion square meters, and the construction volume in these 10 years was 30 times the total housing construction volume in the 6.8 years before the reform and opening up.The living conditions of urban residents have improved significantly. As of 2010, the per capita housing area has reached 31.6 square meters, which is 1978 times that of 4.7, and the home ownership rate of households has reached more than 80%.

Since the reform of the housing system, many urban residents have solved their housing problems through market channels.However, the value of commercial housing is huge, and low-income families and even some lower-middle-income families do not have the conditions to buy or rent houses in the market. In August 2007, a landmark document in the history of China's housing security - "Several Opinions on Solving the Housing Difficulties of Urban Low-income Families" was issued, emphasizing that solving the housing difficulties of urban low-income families is an important part of the government's public services. duty.As a result, the Chinese government began to explore ways of housing security for ordinary residents.

At present, with low-rent housing, affordable housing, and public rental housing as the main forms, the housing security policy framework of "guaranteeing the low end and supporting the middle end" has basically taken shape. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the housing difficulties of 1140 million urban low-income families and 360 million lower-middle-income families across the country were resolved.From paying more attention to the commercialization of housing in the past to now giving priority to housing for low-income families, China's housing reform, which has gone through more than ten years, has become more and more clear about people's livelihood.

"The Chinese government does not simply pursue the speed of economic growth, but pays more attention to people's livelihood and expands domestic demand. This highlights the Chinese government's confidence in achieving long-term development goals. Since the reform and opening up, China's achievements in the social field are also universally recognized : China has basically eliminated illiteracy, popularized primary education, and greatly improved health and medical conditions. These all prove the correctness of the policies formulated by the Chinese government.” This is Becky Langa, South African Ambassador to China, speaking to China A pertinent evaluation of the government's development of social undertakings.

(End of this chapter)