How does the Chinese Communist Party govern the country?

Chapter 47

Pu Lunhui, a Sichuan native who has been working in Dongguan, Guangdong for 10 years, recently made a "major" decision - to enroll in social security. 37-year-old Pu Lunhui held the note written to her by the Social Security Bureau, and calculated in her mind: "This is the first year. I personally have to pay 3228 yuan, and my employer will help me pay 4439 yuan. After that, I will pay 15 yuan for me every year. The money increases year by year with the average wage level of the society. After 2470 years of payment, I can get a monthly pension of 10 yuan. In this way, the total personal payment is more than [-] yuan, but it only takes three and a half years. Take it back."

The country's social insurance policy is getting better and better, and Pu Lun will have a personal experience: not only is there a complete range of insurance, but also a high level of protection, and it is also very humane. In May 2010, when Pu Lunhui was working at another electrical equipment company, his left arm was wounded by a steel bar and he was rated as "disability level eight".

"At that time, I thought my life was over." Unexpectedly, due to participating in the work-related injury insurance, the work-related injury medical treatment enjoyed by the hospital for three months exceeded 3 yuan. .The "major" decision and specific feelings of the Pu Lunhui reflect the progress and development of China's social security.This kind of progress and development is the result of the unremitting efforts of the Chinese government for more than 9 years, especially the 1 years of reform and opening up.

Social security is where people's security lies, and it has always been called the "safety net" of people's lives, the "stabilizer" of social security operation, and the "regulator" of income distribution.To a certain extent, the perfection of the social security system is the benchmark for measuring the degree of social development and the national happiness index.

China's social security system started from scratch after the founding of New China. In 1951, the third year after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Labor Insurance" to adapt to industrialization was promulgated, which opened the prelude to the social security of the People's Republic of China.At that time, China implemented a "state-unit" security system that matched the planned economy, that is, the state and the unit acted as the provider and implementer of social security, and social members were divided into various units (in cities, various agencies) , public institutions and enterprise units, and collective organizations such as people's communes and production brigades or small teams in rural areas), enjoy relevant social security benefits free of charge.At that time, this system mainly included the labor insurance system for urban employees, the public medical system, the retirement system for state agencies and public institutions, the rural “five guarantees” system, and some other assistance systems.

The state-unit social security system played an important role in ensuring the development of people's life and production at that time.However, this type of security is single, the coverage is small, and the security function is weak. More importantly, this special security method has formed a situation of high accumulation, low consumption, high employment, and low wages, which has caused excessive burdens on enterprises. , It also weakens the enthusiasm of the employees of the enterprise, leading to the rigidity of the enterprise mechanism.According to statistics, at that time the assets of state-owned enterprises used for welfare facilities accounted for about 20% of the total assets of the enterprise, and the pensions and unemployment insurance for retired and redundant employees accounted for about 20% of the assets.When the tide of the market came, some enterprises were eliminated due to overburden.Employees' social security is on the line of the enterprise. Once they lose the protection of the enterprise, their social security will be disconnected.It is imperative to reform the state-unit social security system.

Since 1986, China's social security system has entered an era of real change.

The concept of social security was first proposed in the Seventh Five-Year Plan (1986-1990), and a separate chapter was set up to explain the reform and socialization of social security.In this year, the State Council also promulgated the "Interim Regulations on the Implementation of the Labor Contract System in State-Owned Enterprises" and the "Interim Regulations on Unemployment Insurance for State-Owned Enterprise Employees". The significance of innovation, although it did not become a truly effective unemployment insurance system at that time, its purpose was indeed to meet the needs of unemployment protection when enterprises went bankrupt and employees lost their jobs.

In 1993, China formally proposed to establish a socialist market economic system. Social security was defined as one of the five pillars of the market economic system. It also stipulates that urban employees' pension and medical insurance premiums are "shared by the unit and the individual", and a system of "combining social pooling and personal accounts" is implemented.As a result, China's social security reform has entered the stage of system framework construction, and the socialization of social security has become the main goal of the reform.

1998 was a very important year for China's social security system.In March of this year, while retaining the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the central government newly established the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, and social insurance began to have a unified management department.From this year onwards, the social security system began to get rid of its subordinate role of supporting the reform of state-owned enterprises and serving the market economy, and became a basic social system independent of the economic system.

In 2002, the 2006th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made social security an important part of building a well-off society in an all-round way. In [-], the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee further proposed to gradually establish a social security system covering urban and rural residents.Since then, the construction of China's social security system has entered a new stage of overall planning of urban and rural areas and social security for all.

During this period, the pace of China's social security system construction has been accelerating:
In 2002, the urban minimum living security system was established; in 2003, the new rural cooperative medical system was established. In the same year, the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance", which established a basic legal framework for the development of the work-related injury insurance system; in 2007, the minimum living security system for rural residents began to be established system and the basic medical insurance system for urban residents; in 2009, a pilot program of new rural social endowment insurance was launched nationwide; in 2010, the first comprehensive law on the social insurance system since the founding of New China, the Social Insurance Law, was promulgated; in 2011, urban residents’ endowment insurance Insurance pilots were launched, filling the last gap in the pension insurance system.

After years of reform and exploration, China's social security has completed a historic leap from the state-unit security in the planned economy period, which was the responsibility of the state and arranged by the work unit, to the state-social security in which the responsibility is shared and the society coordinates today.

At present, in accordance with the basic policy of "wide coverage, basic insurance, multi-level, and sustainable", China has basically established a system based on social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare, focusing on basic pensions, basic medical care, and minimum living security systems. With the multi-level social security system supplemented by charity and commercial insurance, the coverage of various social security has been continuously expanded, and the level of security has been steadily improved.As of the end of 2011, the number of people participating in basic endowment insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance, and maternity insurance for urban employees nationwide was 28392 million, 47291 million, 14317 million, 17689 million, and 13880 million; 2343 Counties (cities, districts) launched new rural social endowment insurance pilots, covering more than 60%; 2646 counties (cities, districts) launched new rural cooperative medical services, with a participation rate of 97.5%, basically achieving full coverage; 2276.8 million urban residents and 5313.5 million rural residents were guaranteed, and 552.0 million rural residents received relief from the government's five guarantees, which basically realized all the guarantees under dynamic management.

From employment, medical care to pension? ?The net of social security is spreading wider and wider, and more and more people are protected by social security.In this regard, Andrei Gorenko, head of the Ukraine-Russia-China Cooperation Center, said that China has "really established socialism that benefits the people."

Indeed, on the whole, China's social security system is not perfect, and there are a series of problems that need to be solved, such as the unbalanced development of urban and rural social security, the relatively narrow coverage of some basic security systems, the low level of fund pooling, the low level of security, and the legal system lagging behind. The problem.China's economic development level at the primary stage of socialism determines that the social security system can only start from a low level to guarantee basic living.Only by solving the problem of "starting from nothing" can the upgrading problem of "from low to high" be solved sequentially.More importantly, the "safety net" is being constructed and developed, and everything will be resolved in the process of development. The Chinese government is confident in building a higher-level and stricter "safety net" for Chinese urban and rural residents.

In 2006, the Chinese government announced to the world that it would establish a social security system covering urban and rural residents by 2020. "Covering urban and rural residents" is the goal pursued by the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government.As the American scholar John Naisbitt pointed out: "China's population accounts for one-fifth of the world's population, so its social security system will also become the world's largest social security network."

(End of this chapter)