Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 47

[There is a way in the world, but horses are used to import it; there is no way in the world, and soldiers and horses are born in the suburbs. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: "Dung", the Dunhuang version is called "口", which is a different construction of "dung".

The case of modesty: the same as the tablet.Luo Juan's "Rong" was mistaken for "I", and Luo missed the school. "Dung", Fu Ben wrote "broadcast".Bi Yuan said: "The ancient characters for 'dung' and 'sow' are common." Yu Pian: "Sow, sow." I suspect that Lao Tzu here may have the meaning of sowing.

Peng Si said: "Zhu Wengong's book has the word 'vehicle' under the word 'dung', which means that a walking horse turns out a dung cart. I saw a so-called dung cart in Jiangxi, so I knew it." Wu Cheng said: "Under the 'dung' There is no word for "car" in various schools, but Zhu Zi's quotations say that it exists, but people don't know its origin. Today, according to Zhang Heng's Tokyo Fu, "but the horse uses the dung cart", which uses the complete sentence of Lao Tzu. The word "che" is not que, and Wei Wangbi's annotation is not far away from Heng, but it has already been queued. At the beginning, it happened to drop a word, and later generations inherited it, so they didn't know how to make it up. Che and Jiaoxie rhyme, and the word "che" has no rhyme. "Qian's case: the car and the suburbs have no rhyme, see below.

Yi Shunding said: According to Wenzi's Jingcheng article: "Only those who travel at night can have it, so they use dung on horseback, and the car tracks are not connected to the distance." testify.However, Huainan Lanming Xun said: "Therefore, the horses use dung, and the track is not connected to the distance." If there is a word "and" under "dung", then "car track" should be read consecutively.Gao Zhuyun: "'But the horse is walking with dung", Laozi's words are also, the horse cannot be stopped, but the dung field is also used.One said: The king has no way, the soldiers and horses are born in the suburbs, and the horses have nothing to do with the dung fields, so the tracks of the soldiers and chariots do not reach far away. "Huainan has two annotations of Xu Shen and Gao You. This theory is suspicious of Xu's annotation, but it is the same as Gao Yi. Tokyo Fu Xue Zong's annotation also quoted Lao Tzu as "but a horse and dung". Zhang Heng almost mispronounced Wenziyu! Wang Bi's "dung field" is using the old meaning. The car and suburban accents are also far away, and Wu thinks it is a co-rhyme, especially unknown. According to Wenzi's natural article: "Footprints are not Connected to the realm of the princes, the track is not tied thousands of miles away. "It is undoubtedly a continuous reading of "car tracks". The secretary He Shizhuo said that Wenzi wrote "dung carts".

The Case of Modesty: Zhang Jingyang’s Seven Life Notes quoted Wang Bi as saying: “There is a way in the world, and it is only cultivated in the field, so it is just a horse to dung the field.” And Han Shu Xiyu Zhuan Yan Shigu’s note: “Lao Tzu’s Te Ching said: ‘There is a way in the world. , but they thought it was dung.'" It is suspected that the word "dung" may have the word "wei" on it, or the word "field" below it. This is undoubtedly a misquote like "dung truck".Han Fei Jie Lao and Yu Lao quoted scriptures.Same as this stone.

In another case, the unfinished article on the theory of salt and iron said: "At this time, the horses and dung were used. Afterwards, the divisions and brigades sent out several times, and there were not enough soldiers and horses, so the females entered the battle, so the young were born in the battlefield." This is used in the army. There are not enough troops and horses, and it is said that mares go into battle, which should be the ancient meaning of Lao Tzu.

[There is no crime greater than desire, no disaster greater than dissatisfaction, and no desire greater than desire. 】

Yan Kejun said: "There is no crime greater than wanting to gain." Wang Bi did not have this sentence.

Luo Zhenyu said: Jinglong, Yuzhu, Dunhuang, and Jingfu all have the sentence "there is no crime greater than desire", and the Shiwenhe version also has this sentence.There is also the word "big", which is "very" in the Dunhuang version.

Qian's case: Guangming, Qingyang, Fenxi, Louzheng, Suizhou, Naijuan, Muromachi, Gao, Gu, Peng, Fu, and Fan all shared this stone.However, the third sentence of Fu and Gu Huan's "big" is "very".Han Shi Wai Zhuan 9 quotes the first sentence "you can desire" as "many desires", and the third sentence of Wu Cheng's version is on the second sentence.Also, "口" is another construction of "喵", which is the same as Chapter [-].

Yu Yue said: According to the Heshang version above this sentence, there is a sentence "There is no crime greater than desire", according to Han Feizi's interpretation of the old article, there should be this sentence.However, Han Zi made a mistake in saying "there is no misfortune greater than desire".The above text says: "It is a serious crime for a husband to invade a weak monarch and hurt the people below." This is because the word "crime" is clear.Liu Shipei said: Yu said yes.Han Feizi interpreted the word "disaster" in the old article as a reference to the above-mentioned "monarch disaster".It is also said that the old article also quoted these three words, and it was written as "there is no crime greater than desire".And following the above statement that "name is a crime, and the city and land are a crime", Lao Tzu's "crime" in this article is clear.However, when Han Feizi Jielao and Yulao quoted the sentence "There is nothing more to blame than desire to gain", "big" is used as "憯", and "gain" is also used as "benefit" in Xielao.Also explain the old article in this sentence, "pain and pain mixed between the stomach and intestines will hurt people, and if you suffer, you will retreat and blame yourself", which is to explain the meaning of the word "憯". "憯" is the same as "pain", and it is still said that "there is nothing wrong with the pain of wanting to get it".Laozi's ancient version must also be written as "憯", but Fu's version is still the same.This book is written as "big", so that later generations can understand the rhythm of the word "big" in the above language.As for the interpretation of "get" in the old article as "benefit", it refers to the above-mentioned "desire for profit" and is wrong. Gu Qianli misunderstood that it is still regarded as "get".

Qian's case: "Da" is used as "憯", yes. "憯" is connected with "very".Dun and Sui's version is "very", and Fu and model's version is "憯".Fan said: "The sound of 憯 is terrible, and it hurts." Bi Yuan said: "He Shanggong and Wang Bi also wrote the word '憯' as 'big', Han Fei wrote 'the blame is not for profit', and Li Yue wrote '憯'. Very'. Shuowen Jiezi: '憯, pain also.' The ancient sound is very, the same as 憯."

Ma Xulun said: Cheng Shu and Luo Juan wrote "very".Cheng Shu said: "It's the blame, nothing worse than this." It is Cheng who also writes "very". "沉" is borrowed as "憯", which sounds the same as invading.Saying the text "口" emphasizes the text as "口", which is an example.

【So knowing enough is enough, always enough. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Often enough", Yuzhu and Wang Bi wrote "Often enough".

Luo Zhenyu said: There is no word "Gu" or "Yi" in the Dunhuang version.

Qian's case: Yan Zun's version does not have the word "Gu", and Suizhou's version does not have the word "Yi", but it is quoted in Han Shi anecdotes.Sima Guang didn't have the word "foot".Han Feiyu cited "satisfaction is enough" and Anthology Tokyo Fu Annotation cited "satisfaction is always enough".The word "foot" in the case starts from the end, that is, the word "toe", so the meaning ends.Yi "Ding folds the foot", Zheng's note: "Nothing is called the toe, and the display is called the foot." Hanshu Wuxingzhi: "The foot is the foot." Chapter 28 "Changde is the foot", Heshang Note: "Stop."

Liu Xianxin said: "Knowing and stopping means knowing and reversing. It has been repeatedly said that to be content is to know and stop, and to know and stop is to preserve wealth and honor. Relative exchanges are not long-term, and rebellion is always, and it can last for a long time." Long-lasting is the purpose of Lao Tzu.

[Phonetic Rhyme] Jiang's rhyme in this chapter has no rhyme.Yao Wentian: Desire, Foot Rhyme (Six Houses Entering the Sound).Deng Tingzhen and Xi Tong are the same.Gao Benhan, Chen Zhu: desire, foot, get, foot rhyme.Case Wu Chengyun: "There is the word 'che' under the word 'dung', which rhymes with car and suburb." Che, Yubu, Jiao, Xiaobu, and Yi Shun Ding mean that the pronunciation of car and suburb are also far away, yes.Wei Yuan’s original meaning of Lao Tzu said: “The three sentences of ‘quietness wins cold’ may be said to belong to the next chapter. Gaizheng and excrement are the rhymes, but Youdao is running on horseback. Zheng and feces rhyme, which is more unknown.This chapter rhymes with Tao and suburbs.Dao, Youbu, Jiao, Xiaobu, the You and Xiao rhymes are the same as the rhymes of Xiao and Dao in Chapter [-].Wu Yunyun added to the sound of Yiwu: "get", gain and loss.Lao Tzu: "There is no crime greater than desire, and no disaster greater than desire." Yi Lin: "Going to the market to look for deer, but you don't see the head and feet; all day and night, you get nothing."

There are 44 characters in the Youjinglong stele version, 43 characters in the Dunhuang version, 44 characters in the Heshang version, 39 characters in the Wang version, and 45 characters in the Fu and Fan versions.Heshang’s title is “Frugality No.40”, Wang’s title is “Chapter 16”, and the model title is “Tianxia Youdao Chapter No.40”.

(End of this chapter)