Interpretation of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching

Chapter 48

【Know the world without leaving home;】

Luo Zhenyu said: In the Jingfu version, under the word "hu" and in the next sentence "牖", there is the word "Yi".

Qian's case: Nai Juan, Muromachi and Huainan Dao Yingxun, Wenzi Dao's original article, Zhiyao, Yilinyin and Jingfu's version are the same.There is also the word "Yi" under the quotation of "hu" in Wenzi Jingcheng and Xiade, and the word "he" in the three quotations of Huainan Zhushuxun, Zhang Heng's commentary in the Later Han Dynasty, Wenxuan Siqi Fu's commentary, and Han Shiwaizhuan.Lu's Chunqiu Junshou chapter quotes "Know the world without going out of the house", Fu and Fan Ben's "You can know the world without going out of the house", Han Feizi Yu Lao wrote "You can know the world without going out of the house".Huainan Zhushu training: "The master of the people, see with the eyes of the world, hear with the ears of the world, consider with the wisdom of the world, and fight with the power of the world." Gai means the ancient meaning of "knowing the world without leaving home".

[Don't peek into the mouth, see the way of heaven. 】

Luo Zhenyu said: "牖" in the Jinglong version and the imperial annotation version is "口", a different form of "牖".

Qianzhi’s case: Luo Juan’s “见” means “见”, lacking the word “牖”, and “Seeing the Way of Heaven” means “Knowing the Way of Heaven”.Yuzhu, Xingxuan, Qingyang, Fenxi, Louzheng, Heshang, Gu Huan, Peng Si, Fu Yi, and Gao Chong are all referred to as "peeping", the same as this stone.Zhu Wang's version and Muromachi's version are "peeping".Under "牖", Gu Huan and Muromachi originally had the word "Yi", and Lu Xisheng had the word "And".Lu's Chunqiu Junshou chapter quotes "Don't look at the box, but knows the way of heaven", Wen Zi's Jingcheng article "Don't look at the box, to know the way of heaven", and Fu and Fan Ben write "Don't look at the box, you can know the way of heaven".Zhongni was also quoted in the Taoist chapter of the corpse, saying: "Know the world without going out of the house, and rule the four directions without going out of the hall." The way of heaven; if you don't see it, you will die; if you don't, you will come." The language is also based on this.

Bi Yuan said: The case Han Feizi wrote "If you don't peep through the door, you can know the way of heaven." Shuowen Jiezi said: "Peeping, small sight." "Anyone who peeps at each other is called peeping in Southern Chu." Yuan thought that peeping in a hole was called peeping, and peeping in a door was called peeping, so the word "peeping" was used.I am a native of Chu, and I speak the Chu language.Han Fei is.

The case of modesty: Bi said yes.Yupian: "Peeping, looking at each other, the same as peeping." Zilin: "Peeping, looking inside the door with your head tilted, and the word is also for mouth." The key to this is wonderful" and so on, so we know that the two characters "peep" and "口" are connected.Also "peep", said text: "Small sight, from the acupoint, the sound of regulation." It is slightly the same as "peep".Yiguan uses "peeping" in "peeping at Li privet", and Feng "peeping at its household" uses "peeping", so "peeping" should be used here.Dunhuang's "Peeping" is the same as Han Feiyu's old one, so it should be followed.The four tones of Xia Song's ancient prose rhyme with the word "peeping", citing Li Shanmu's Tao Te Ching as an import.

[The farther you go, the closer you know. 】

Yan Kejun said: "Mi close", each book is "Mi Shao".

Qian's case: "Mi", Fu Ben wrote "口", and "near" was a mistake in the word "shao". "Small", Fu, Fan Ben as "fresh".Fan said: "The word 'Xian' is in the ancient editions of Han Fei and Wang Bi." Also, Han Feiyu's old articles, Huainan Dao Yingxun, Spiritual Training, and Lu's Spring and Autumn Junshou chapters cited the word "far" under the word "Zhe".Huainan spiritual training "so it is said that those who go farther, their knowledge will be less", note: "The spirit of the husband cannot be overflowed." Wang Nian and Sun Yun: "These twelve characters are explained by Lao Tzu, and later generations misunderstand I thought it was a commentary, so I changed it to Zhuer." And Lu's Chunqiu Xianji article said: "Those who rule the world without coming from the door, do they only know those who are against themselves?" Yourselves, secondly ask others. If you ask for it, you will make it farther away, and if you push it, you will make it sparse;Jun Shou Pian said: "Therefore it is said that one knows the world without going out of the household, one knows the way of heaven without peeping through the door, and the farther one travels, the less one knows." And release it.In another case, Fu Ben wrote "Xian", and said the text: "Fresh, it is rare." Zhu Jun said: "Jia Shizhong's words are also called mouth. Yi Xici Zheng Ben's "the way of a gentleman is fresh", and Yu Ben's "fresh" It’s not as good as that’, and the scriptures all use ‘fresh’ and ‘rare’. Erya’s interpretation: ‘fresh, rare.’ ‘fresh, widowed.’ Both fresh and rare are the same word.” Bi Yuan said: "'Xian', the ancient word 'xianshao', is written as shao in all editions." Ma Xulun said: "This case is regarded as 'shao', 'xian' is a vulgar word, and shao rhymes with Tao."

[It is because a sage knows by doing nothing, is famous when he does not see, and becomes by doing nothing. 】

Qian's case: "You are famous when you don't see it", Han Feiyu, Zhang Sicheng, and Wei Dayouben all use "name" as "ming".Takeuchi Yoshio said: "'Name' is a pretext for the word 'Ming'." Jiang Xichang said: "'Name' and 'Ming' are commonly used in ancient times, but Lao Tzu used 'Ming' instead of 'Name'. Chapter 22 'I don’t see myself Therefore Ming', Chapter 52 'See Xiaoyue Ming', all 'see' and 'Ming' even words, all of which are evidences. This should be revised according to Zhang Ben." Today's case: Shiming Shiyan: "Ming, Ming also. ""Name" and "Ming" have the same sound and meaning, so there is no need to change the word.Also "do not do", He Shangben and Yao Mengfu wrote "do not do".

[Phonetic Rhyme] The reading of Jiang's rhyme in this chapter: Hu, Xiayun (Yubu), 牖, Daoyun (Youbu).Yao Wentian, Deng Tingzhen: Zeng, Ming, Chengyun.Chen Zhu: 牖, Dao, Shaoyun, Ming, Chengyun.Gao Ben Hantong.Xi Tong: Yuan and 口 are rhymes, and Xing, Ming and Cheng are rhymes.Gai "Shao" is originally written as "Xian", "Ming" is originally written as "Ming", and the sentence "Knowing without doing it" was mistakenly changed to "Doing without knowing", and "Xing" is actually not a rhyme.Gu Yanwu Tang Yunzheng Juan Nine 35 Ma: "Down" the ancient sound of household, Lao Tzu: "Know the world without leaving the house." "Cultivate the world, and its virtues are universal." At the bottom of one's feet." "It is because the sage wants to be superior to the people, he must follow his words, and he wants to be the ancestors, he must be behind him." "He who is good at being a soldier does not use force, and he who is good at fighting is not angry. For the next." Chen Di cited Weng Yun from Wei: "Everyone in the Six Classics has the sound of Hu, and all houses have the sound of Shu. Not only the Six Classics, but also the ancient sounds."

The right Jinglong stele is not divided into chapters, 36 characters, Dunhuang version, He and Wang version are the same, Fu and model version are 40 characters.Heshang titled "Jianyuan No.17 Seven", Wang Ben titled "Chapter 40", and model titled "Chapter No.[-] Seven without leaving home".

(End of this chapter)