hotel management

Chapter 37 Device Management (2)
Equipment maintenance is the daily work necessary to protect the normal technical state of the equipment and prolong its service life. The important content of equipment management is the maintenance of equipment.If the equipment maintenance work is done well, equipment failures can be reduced, thereby (saving) maintenance costs, reducing costs, ensuring service quality, improving the reputation of the hotel, and bringing certain economic benefits to the hotel and employees.

([-]) Equipment maintenance content

Equipment maintenance is divided into two levels, one is the daily maintenance of the equipment, and the other is the regular maintenance of the equipment.

1. Routine maintenance
The daily maintenance of the equipment is generally carried out by the equipment users, and the daily maintenance should meet the following five basic requirements.

(1) Neat.It neatly reflects the management level and work efficiency of the hotel.All non-fixed installation equipment and items in the computer room in the hotel must be neatly placed; equipment tools, workpieces, and accessories must also be neatly placed; equipment parts and safety protection devices are complete; equipment signs are complete and clean; All lines and pipelines are intact.

(2) clean.The cleaning of the equipment is to create a good environment for the normal operation of the equipment, so as to reduce the wear and tear of the equipment.Therefore, the area around the equipment in the computer room must be kept clean: no dust, no oil, no water, no sundries.The appearance of the equipment is clean, the iron has no rust spots, the paint is shiny, there is no oil on each sliding surface, and there are no "running, popping, dripping, or leaking" phenomena in all parts.

(3) Lubrication.Lubrication is an important measure to ensure the normal operation of the friction part of the equipment and prevent wear. The most important content of equipment maintenance is lubrication work.When maintaining the equipment, keep the oil mark eye-catching; keep the oil tank, oil pool and cooling tank clean and free of impurities.The oil pot, oil hole and nozzle are complete, and the oil passage is smooth.Every piece of equipment that needs to be lubricated should formulate a "five-setting" system for lubrication, according to quality, quantity, and on-time refueling or oil change.

(4) Safety.Comply with the operating procedures and safety technical regulations of the equipment to prevent personal and equipment accidents.The electrical circuit grounding should be reliable and the insulation performance should be good.Limit switches and stops should be sensitive and reliable.The signal instrument should indicate correctly and keep a clean and clear performance.

(5) intact.The integrity of the equipment and its ability to function normally is the result of the correct use and careful maintenance of the equipment, and it is also one of the goals of equipment management.

2. Maintenance per shift
Each shift maintenance of equipment requires the operator to do a few things in each shift.

(1) Check all parts of the equipment before the shift, and lubricate them according to regulations.

(2) Do a good job of pre-shift inspection, and confirm that the equipment is normal before use.

(3) Correctly use the equipment according to the equipment operation and maintenance procedures.

(4) The equipment must be carefully cleaned and wiped before leaving get off work.

(5) Shift handover procedures must be done well.

3. Weekend Maintenance
Weekend maintenance requires the equipment to be thoroughly cleaned, wiped and refueled, and to be inspected and evaluated in accordance with the "five requirements" for equipment maintenance.

4. Regular maintenance
Regular maintenance of equipment is carried out by maintenance workers, and is a task assigned by the engineering department in the form of a plan.Regular maintenance is required for important mechanical and electrical equipment.

The contents of regular maintenance mainly include:

(1) Disassemble the designated parts, box cover and protective cover of the equipment, thoroughly clean and wipe the internal and external parts of the equipment;
(2) Check and adjust the matching clearance of each component, fasten loose parts, and replace individual wearing parts;
(3) Dredge the oil circuit, add oil, clean the oil filter, oil level, replace the coolant, and clean the coolant tank;
(4) Clean, check and adjust electrical circuits and devices.

Regular maintenance time depends on the structure and operation of the equipment.Regular maintenance of equipment can be divided into primary maintenance and secondary maintenance according to the depth, breadth and workload of maintenance work.The workload of secondary maintenance is much larger than that of primary maintenance, which is mainly undertaken by full-time maintenance personnel.

(1) First-level maintenance.The first-level maintenance is referred to as "first-level maintenance", which refers to the internal cleaning of the equipment, clearing the oil circuit, adjusting the fit clearance, tightening the relevant parts, and conducting necessary inspections on the relevant parts in addition to the daily maintenance of the equipment.Since the first maintenance work requires certain technical content, it is generally carried out by maintenance workers, but it can also be completed by operators under the guidance of maintenance workers.

(2) Secondary maintenance.Secondary maintenance is referred to as "secondary guarantee".In addition to all the work of the first guarantee, the work content of the second guarantee also includes partial dismantling and inspection of equipment, cleaning and oil replacement, repair or replacement of worn parts, elimination of abnormal conditions and faults, inspection and repair of electrical systems, etc.Its workload is greater than that of the first guarantee, and it has the nature of repair, which is mainly undertaken by full-time maintenance workers.

([-]) Lubrication of equipment
The lubrication of equipment refers to the supply of appropriate lubricating oil to the friction surfaces of mechanical equipment parts to reduce mutual wear and reduce the damage rate of parts, so that the equipment is always in good technical condition.Therefore, it is important to do a good job in the lubrication of equipment.The lubrication work of equipment must first do basic work such as investigation and research and data collection.The content of the basic work includes understanding the lubricating parts of the equipment, the names and grades of all lubricating oils and greases, formulating oil change intervals and consumption quantities, setting up lubrication cards for each important equipment, and formulating equipment lubrication plans.The lubrication work of the equipment must be carried out strictly according to the system.

1. fixed point
Refers to refueling and changing oil according to the location and quantity of the lubricating parts, lubricating points and lubricating devices (oil level, oil tank, oil pump, etc.) of the equipment, and to be familiar with the structure, function and lubrication method of the lubricating device.

2. Qualitative
Refers to the selection of lubricating oils of the grades specified in the equipment manuals for different parts of different equipment. According to the different performance and characteristics of different lubricating oils, their uses are different.Different parts of different equipment have different requirements for lubricating oil, so each point uses the specified lubricating oil according to the specified requirements.All kinds of lubricating devices on the lubricating parts should be in good condition and clean.The storage of oil should be kept pure to prevent the mixing of sundries.Lubricating oil in non-original packaging, filtered before use.

3. Quantitative
It means that when adding lubricating oil, it should be added according to the specified quantity.Because the amount of oil is too much, it will overflow, which not only wastes oil, but also affects the maintenance of equipment and environmental sanitation. If the amount of oil is insufficient, it will cause poor lubrication, resulting in negative consequences such as pull marks and abrasions.

4. Regular
Refers to determining the cycle of refueling and adding lubricating oil according to the specified time.

5. Appointment
The lubrication work of each equipment is operated by special personnel.

Fourth (section) hotel equipment maintenance

[-]. Maintenance strategy

([-]) Equipment maintenance methods
There are three main ways to maintain hotel equipment: after-the-fact maintenance, preventive maintenance, and improved maintenance.Each maintenance method has its scope of application.The engineering department selects the most suitable maintenance method according to the characteristics and conditions of use of various equipment, so as to achieve the effect of high efficiency and low cost.

1. Maintenance after the event
The repairs performed when the equipment fails or the performance and accuracy drop below the qualified level are called after-the-fact maintenance, that is, the repair of broken equipment.This repair method is suitable for equipment with low utilization rate, simple maintenance technology, timely provision of spare machines, and economically uneconomical preventive maintenance.For example, the ventilation fans, sanitary ware faucets, lighting fixtures, etc. in the guest rooms can all be repaired afterwards.Defective and malfunctioning equipment should be promptly repaired.

2. Preventive maintenance
"Prevention first" is an important policy of hotel equipment maintenance management, and preventive maintenance of equipment is an important task to implement this policy.There are two methods of preventive maintenance, namely planned maintenance and predictive maintenance.

(1) Planned maintenance.The planned maintenance of hotel equipment mainly includes first-level maintenance, second-level maintenance, item repair and overhaul. To do a good job in planned maintenance, the first thing to do is to prepare a maintenance plan. The equipment maintenance plan is a guiding document for equipment repair management.

(2) Predictive maintenance.Predictive maintenance is a maintenance method based on the technical state of the equipment. The premise of this maintenance method is to grasp the current technical state of the equipment.Therefore, operators should carefully carry out daily inspections and regular inspections.During the inspection, if any abnormal phenomena and abnormal technical conditions are found, they should be recorded in time, and corresponding measures should be taken to eliminate them.For abnormal situations that cannot be ruled out for a while, professional maintenance personnel must be notified to conduct key tests and make a diagnosis, predict the problems existing in the equipment, and propose a solution to the problem—a maintenance plan, and then implement the maintenance method.

The important equipment of the hotel should gradually implement the predictive maintenance method, establish a sound inspection and inspection system, gradually complete advanced monitoring instruments, strive to improve the level of diagnostic technology, and promote the modernization of hotel equipment maintenance management.

3. Improve maintenance
The maintenance of equipment only according to the original design structure and technical requirements often cannot fundamentally improve and enhance the performance of the equipment.It is impossible to improve and improve the function of the equipment only by performing general maintenance on some equipment with inherently insufficient performance.Therefore, if conditions permit, the equipment can be improved and maintained, that is, in order to eliminate the congenital defects or frequent failures of the equipment, the local structure or parts of the equipment can be improved through repairs to improve its reliability. It is also an important part of preventive maintenance.

([-]) No maintenance design
No-maintenance design refers to the ideal design of the product. Its purpose is to achieve the requirement of no maintenance during use. The following two situations require no-maintenance design: one is to produce large-scale electrical and electronic products, such as televisions, refrigerators, and tape recorders. And the transmission part in the video equipment, etc.; the other is the equipment that requires safety and high reliability, such as spacecraft, artificial satellites, etc.Some parts and accessories of some imported equipment in the hotel are also designed without maintenance.

([-]) Repair category of equipment
The repair category of equipment is the division of equipment repair work according to the content and requirements of the repair and the size of the workload.Repair categories are divided into minor repairs, item repairs, and major repairs.

1. Minor repairs
The repairs that require the least amount of work are minor repairs.Minor repairs can also be called regular maintenance. According to the workload of maintenance, regular maintenance is divided into first-level maintenance and second-level maintenance. For equipment that is subject to regular maintenance, minor repairs are mainly based on the wear and tear of parts, replacement or repair Components that fail or are about to fail during the period are adjusted to ensure normal working ability.For equipment that implements predictive maintenance, the work content of minor repairs is mainly to disassemble, inspect, replace or repair failed parts for problems found in daily inspections and regular inspections, so as to restore the normal functions of the equipment.

2. Item Repair
Item repair, that is, project repair, is based on summarizing the positive and negative experience of the equipment planning and pre-repair system implemented in the past, and it is produced through continuous reform in practice.It replaces the mid-fix which is indistinguishable from the overhaul.Item repair is based on the actual situation of the equipment, and the items whose condition has deteriorated and cannot meet the production requirements are targeted and repaired according to the actual needs.During project repair, it is generally necessary to partially disassemble, inspect, replace or repair the failed parts, so as to restore the performance and accuracy of the repaired part.

3. Overhaul
One of the most labor-intensive types of equipment maintenance is overhaul.During the overhaul, it is necessary to dismantle all the equipment, repair all the reference parts, repair or replace the worn, corroded, aged and lost precision parts, so as to meet the specified technical requirements.Overhaul will consume more expenses, generally 1/3 of the original value of the equipment, or even more.After the overhaul, the performance of the equipment is often difficult to fully meet the technical standards at the time of delivery. Therefore, the feasibility analysis should be carried out in advance for the overhaul of the equipment.

[-]. Maintenance management

Due to the different status and functions of the hotel's equipment in the operation, the maintenance management methods adopted are also different.

([-]) Self-maintenance

1. Repair system

The repair system means that the operator finds a problem during the operation or the room attendant is doing the cleaning work, and informs the engineering department with a repair form or by phone.If the guest finds that there is a fault or defect in the equipment and facilities, he will also notify the maintenance personnel through the hotel attendant.The equipment in the public area shall be reported to the engineering department by the department under its jurisdiction.After each department reports to the engineering department for repairs, the dispatcher of the engineering department will assign them to the maintenance personnel according to the maintenance content. The maintenance personnel will go to the maintenance personnel with the repair report form. After the repair is completed, the repair department will sign the repair report form, and the maintenance personnel will send it back to the engineering department for verification. Summarize and report on repair daily.The individual workload of this kind of maintenance is not large, but the frequency is frequent, there are many types of work, and the time requirement is tight. For example, if the number of hotel rooms is large, or the distribution of guest rooms is wide, then the maintenance workers will spend a lot of time on the way, and the work efficiency is low. Low.

2. Inspection and maintenance

The engineering department sent personnel to inspect and repair.For example, equipment and facilities in public areas, transmission equipment, etc. will be inspected and repaired by maintenance personnel. General faults will be repaired on site, and larger faults will be repaired separately by inspectors filling out the repair report form.The engineering department also regularly dispatches personnel to check the guest rooms, and can find out problems that cannot be found out in general services, such as fan coil units, ventilation fans, and electrical equipment lines.Each inspector fills out the inspection form for each inspection and makes a record.

3. Universal system
In the analysis of the maintenance form of guest room equipment, it is found that there are many maintenance personnel, poor maintenance effect and low work efficiency, no matter whether it is repaired or repaired.At present, many hotels have adopted a universal work system in response to the above problems.This system requires maintenance workers to master the basic maintenance skills of all equipment and facilities in the guest room, so it is called a universal worker.The universal worker was originally a unique type of work set up by the Holiday Inn Management Group of the United States. The task of the universal worker is to check and maintain all the equipment in the guest room in a planned cycle.According to the different grades of the hotel, the maintenance cycle of the guest rooms can range from three months to four months. The maintenance quota of each universal worker is generally 3 to 4 rooms per day.In addition to checking the guest rooms as planned, the universal worker should also undertake emergency maintenance tasks.When it is found that a certain equipment in the guest room is seriously damaged and cannot be repaired for a while, the universal worker will fill out the repair report, and the engineering department will send another employee to repair it.

([-]) Entrusted maintenance

All important equipment in the hotel, such as power distribution equipment, boilers, water chillers, computer management systems, program-controlled telephone exchanges, etc., are operated, operated and maintained by engineering department staff or professionals, and are the focus of hotel equipment management.

Entrusted maintenance refers to entrusting the manufacturer or a professional maintenance company to carry out repairs.Judging from the current situation, it is difficult for the hotel to train a professional maintenance team to plan and maintain the above-mentioned important equipment. If the technical level of the maintenance personnel does not meet the requirements, the equipment will not be well repaired and maintained. In this case, entrusted maintenance will be the trend of future development, because the personnel of the entrusted unit have a high professional level and strong technical skills, and the cost of entrusted maintenance is often lower than the cost of adding an engineering and technical personnel. Therefore, for important The method of entrusting maintenance of equipment will become the main way of maintenance of important equipment in hotels.

(End of this chapter)