University · Moderate

Chapter 13 Interpretation of "Governing the Country and Peace of the World" (2)
① "Qin Oath": from "Shangshu·Zhoushu·Qin Oath".It is the title of the article in "Shangshu", which is the oath made by Duke Mu of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period when he defeated Zheng in the land of Xiao (xiáo), and exhorted his ministers after returning. It is called "Oath of Qin".The whole article is a word of regret.The words quoted here are the experience of employing people summed up by Qin Mugong.

②A minister: In "Shangshu", it is called "a minister".

③Duan Duanxi: Loyal and honest.Xi, "Yi" in "Shangshu", a modal particle.

④Xiuxiu: Kind and generous.You Rong: able to accommodate people.

⑤ Yansheng: Refers to a person with both ability and virtue.Yan, beauty.Saint, through "Ming".

⑥It is not only (chì): not only, not only, not only.

[-]: A variant of "real". "Yes" in "Shangshu" can be used universally.

[-] To be able: Therefore.Shang: In "Shangshu" as "job", it means "almost".

[-] 檢 (mào): Jealousy. "Fall" in "Shangshu".

[-] violation: prevent and suppress others.Bi (bǐ): to make.Unreasonable: that is, not reaching the king. The word "Tong" is "Da" in "Shangshu".

【Translation】

"Qin Oath" said: "If there is such a courtier who is loyal and sincere but has no other abilities, but he is noble in character, generous in heart, and able to accommodate others. Others have abilities, just as he himself has abilities; others have virtues He is highly skilled, he is not only often praised in his mouth, but he really likes him from the heart. If this kind of broad-minded person is reused, it can completely preserve the happiness of my descendants and subjects, and it can also be done for me. For the benefit of future generations and subjects. Conversely, if others have abilities, they will envy and hate others; if others have virtues, they will deliberately suppress them, so that the virtues of others cannot be understood by the king. If such narrow-minded people reuse them, then It is impossible to protect the happiness of my descendants and subjects. This kind of person is too dangerous for the country."

[Original text]

Only the benevolent exiled ①, into the four barbarians ②, not the same as China ③.This is called "Only a benevolent man can love others and hate others".

Seeing the virtuous but not being able to lift it up, and lifting it up but not being the first to do so is fate.If you see something bad, you can't retreat ⑤, if you retreat, you can't go far, just pass it.

What good people hate, and what evil people like, is what is meant by flicking people's nature, and they will surely catch their husbands.

Therefore, if a gentleman has the Dao, he must be faithful to gain it, and arrogant to lose it.

【Note】

① Release: release, exile, exile.In short, it refers to the above-mentioned people who cannot tolerate others.

②Bring into the four barbarians: to advance (bǐng), to pass through the "screen", to retreat, to expel.Siyi, the barbarians of the four directions.In ancient times, it generally refers to the ethnic minorities on the four sides of the border of our country.Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman, and Beidi are called Siyi.Yi is a derogatory term for ancient oriental tribes.

③ China: the center of the country.In ancient times, the Han nationality mostly built their capitals in the north and south of the Yellow River, so they called their land "China".It is different from the current "China" Yihe, but has the same meaning as "Central Plains", "Zhongtu", "Zhongzhou", "Zhongxia" and "Zhonghua".

④ Lift: Recommend, appoint.First: use it as early as possible.Fate: Zheng Xuan said that "fate" should be "slow".Slow means contemptuous and negligent.

⑤ Retire: leave, extended to repel, quit.

[-] brush: Violation.鏑 (zāi): a variant of "disaster", calamity.Catch husband: Catch, and, arrive.Husband (fú), particle, this.

[-] Jiaotai: arrogant and indulgent.

【Translation】

Only a benevolent monarch will exile such a person who is jealous of the virtuous and capable, and expel them to the remote places where the Siyi live.He is not allowed to live in the Central Plains with virtuous people.That is to say, only people with benevolence can know what kind of people to love and what kind of people to hate.

If you find a talented person but fail to recommend him, or if you recommend him but fail to reuse him as soon as possible, this is treating a talented person with negligence.It is a political fault not to dismiss a person who is unworthy after he is discovered, or even to dismiss him but not banish him to a remote place.

To love what people hate and to hate what people love means that if you violate human nature, disasters will surely befall you.

Therefore, if the ruler wants to have the principle of morality, he must acquire it with an attitude of loyalty and benevolence. On the contrary, if his attitude is arrogant and indulgent, he will lose it.

[Original text]

There is a great way to make wealth, those who live are many, those who eat are few, those who live for it are sick①, and those who use it are comfortable②, then the wealth is always enough!
The benevolent get rich with their wealth, while the unkind get rich with their body.

There is no one who loves benevolence at the top, but does not have righteousness at the bottom;

【Note】

① disease: quickly.

②shu: soothing, appropriate.

③Fat body: send out, initiate, develop, and extend to improve.Get started and improve your own moral cultivation.

④ final: completed.

⑤ treasury: the place where ancient countries collected property or documents.

[-] Not its wealth: It is not the wealth of the king.It means that because the king has no way, he loses the throne of the king, and the wealth is finally not owned by him.

【Translation】

There is an important principle in creating wealth, which is to make more people produce wealth and reduce the number of people who consume wealth.Those who manage wealth are diligent, and those who use wealth are thrifty.This is the way in which the wealth of the nation will always remain adequate.

People with benevolence use wealth to improve their character, while people without benevolence use their lives to accumulate wealth.

I have never heard of the principle that the king loves benevolence and righteousness, but the subjects below do not like benevolence and righteousness; Wealth, and wealth does not belong to the king of the country.

[Original text]

Meng Xianzi① said: "The horses and horses ride on animals, but chickens and pigs don't care; the ice-cutters' house, cattle and sheep don't grow; Minister ⑦.” This means that the country does not take profit for profit, but righteousness for profit.

Those who grow ⑧ the country and take care of ⑨ the money, must be a villain.He ⑩ is good, and the villain is the envoy of the country, □ harms both, although there are good people, there is nothing like it B11.This means that the country does not take profit as profit, but righteousness as profit.

【Note】

①Meng Xianzi: A doctor of Lu State, surnamed Zhong Sun and Ming Mie.

②Horse riding: Refers to the person who has just become a doctor.Livestock, raising.Cheng (shèng), in ancient times, a cart with four horses was a ride, referring to a cart with four horses.

③Not paying attention to chickens and pigs: It means that a person who has become a high-ranking official should not care about the small profit of raising chickens and pigs.Observation, scrutiny, attention, extended to care about.Dolphin (tún), little pig, here refers to pigs in general.

④ House of Ice Cutting: The family that can use ice cutting to preserve the remains during funerals in ancient times refers to Doctor Qing.Cut, chisel.

⑤House of Hundred Chariots: A family with a hundred chariots. "Mencius King Hui of Liang [-]": "In a country of a thousand chariots, the one who kills its king must be the home of a hundred chariots." Zhao Qi's note: "The home of a hundred chariots is called the minister of a great country." Zheng Xuan’s note in Da Sima: “There are so-called subjects of land mining. In ancient times, the ruling officials all had certain fiefdoms, or land mining, and the officials who owned such fiefdoms were called families.

⑥Aggregate: Gather, gather.Collect, collect.

[-] Robbers: Retainers who steal money from the treasury.

[-] Long (zhǎng): Become the head of the country, that is, the king.

[-] service: concentrate.

[-] He: Refers to the king who rules the country.

Nothing: Can't be dealt with.

【Translation】

Meng Xianzi said: "A doctor who has four horse-drawn carts should not worry about such trivial matters as raising chickens and pigs; a doctor who can enjoy ice-cutting funeral sacrifices should no longer raise cattle and sheep; He should not adopt retainers who only cared about collecting people’s wealth, but instead of having such retainers who amassed people’s wealth, it is better to have those who steal from the treasury.” This means that governing the country cannot be achieved by making wealth For the benefit, it should be for the benefit of advocating benevolence and righteousness.

It must be the idea of ​​a villain that the king who governs the country devotes himself exclusively to the accumulation of wealth.The king thinks that villains are kind-hearted people. If the king appoints treacherous ministers and villains to handle state affairs, then natural disasters and man-made disasters will definitely come at the same time.At that time, although there are good people and talented people who come out to clean up the mess, there is nothing they can do to save it.This shows that governing the country should not be based on the pursuit of wealth, but on the benefit of advocating benevolence and righteousness.

[Zhu Xi Tips]

The ten chapters of Youzhuan explain "governing the country and bringing peace to the world".Where ① pass ten chapters.The first four chapters are ②leading the program ③purport ④; the last six chapters discuss the items in detail ⑤.Its Chapter 5 is the essence of understanding and goodness; Chapter 6 is the foundation of honesty; it is especially urgent for beginners, and readers should not get close to it and ignore it.

【Note】

①Fan: total, total.

② System: comprehensive meaning.

③ Program: general outline.

④Purpose: purpose.

⑤ Entry: Details.For the "programme".Workmanship: literacy, workmanship.

⑥ near: here refers to "shallow near".

【Translation】

Zhu Xi reminded: The above paragraph is Chapter 10 of the Chuanwen, which explains "governing the country and bringing peace to the world".There are ten chapters in total.The first four chapters comprehensively discuss the purpose of the general outline; the last six chapters discuss the details and focus in detail.Chapter 5 clarifies the essentials of "supreme goodness"; Chapter 6 is the foundation of "self-cultivation and sincerity". For beginners, it is especially urgent. Readers should not ignore it because it is superficial.

(End of this chapter)