University · Moderate

Chapter 32 The Qi Family
[Original text]

The Master said: "King Wu, the Duke of Zhou, is ① filial piety! A filial husband is good at succeeding others ②; he is good at describing people's affairs. In the Spring and Autumn Period, build ③ his ancestral temple, display his ancestral artifacts ④, and set up his clothes ⑤, recommended to eat at the time ⑥."

"The etiquette of the ancestral temple, so the preface to Zhao Mu⑦; the preface to the nobles⑧, so it is distinguished from the noble and the inferior; the preface to events ⑨, so it is distinguished from the worthy; B11 too."

"Practice one's position B14, perform one's rituals, play one's music; respect one's esteem, love one's relatives; treat death as one's life, death as one's existence, this is the utmost filial piety."

"The rites of the suburban society B15, so it is God; the rites of the ancestral temple, so it is worshiped first. The rites of the suburban society are clear, and the righteousness of B16 is tasted. Governing the country is like showing the palms of B17!"

【Note】

① Da: pass the word "big".

②People: Refers to ancestors.The word "person" below has the same meaning.

③Spring and Autumn: The synonym for the four seasons of the year.This refers to the season of ancestor worship. "The Book of Songs·Lu Song·閟宫": "The Spring and Autumn Bandits solve (slack), and enjoy the sacrifices." Repair: Organize.

④ Chen Qizong: Chen, display.Zong utensils, utensils used in ancient ancestral temple sacrifices.Zheng Xuan's note: "Zongqi is also a sacrificial vessel." Another said: Zongqi, a precious utensil handed down from the ancestors, used for rites and music. "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong 23 Years": "The most important thing is the ancestral vessel." Du Yu's note: "The instrument of ritual and music in the ancestral temple belongs to the bell and chime."

⑤Shangyi: Refers to the clothes worn by the ancestors during their lifetime.Chang is the lower garment, and garment is the upper garment.

⑥Recommend food at the time: recommend, offer, offer.Seasonal food refers to the seasonal fresh food offered by ancestors in ancient times.

[-]. Preface Zhaomu: Arrange the order of Zhaomu.It is a patriarchal system in ancient times. The order of the ancestral temples is regulated. The tablet of the ancestor temple is in the middle, and the second, fourth, and sixth generations are located on the left of the ancestor, called Zhao.The third, fifth, and seventh are on the right, called Mu. "Zhou Li·Chunguan·Xiao Zongbo": "Distinguishes the Zhaomu of the temple." Zheng Xuan's note: "The father is Zhao, and the son is Mu." Here, when offering sacrifices, you can arrange father and son, elder and younger, relatives and relatives order.

[-] Preface to Jue: The priests are ranked according to the size of the official title, divided into four classes: Gong, Hou, Qing, and Dafu.

[-] Preface: Arranged in order according to the positions held in the sacrifice.thing, job, job.

⑩The travel reward is the top: travel, public.Remuneration, with wine to persuade each other as a reward.Zheng Xuan's note: "Drink yourself first, then drink the guests as a reward." The bottom is the top, and the sacrifice will end. The brothers (guests) of collateral relatives and brothers (hosts) of immediate relatives toast in order.The younger brother toasts to the older brother first, just like the host first toasts to the guests during a sacrificial ceremony.Now "Xia", toast to "Shang" as the host, so it is called "Xia is Shang".

So catch cheap also: catch, and.This sentence means that the favor and honor of the ancestors reaches the humble people in the lower position.

Yanmao: Yan, same as "banquet", banquet.Hair, hair, hair, meaning long and young.It means that after the sacrifice, when the banquet is held, the old and young are distinguished by the color of their hair, and the seating order of the banquet is arranged.

Ordinal tooth: tooth, age.That is to say, the order of sitting at the banquet or the order of drinking is determined according to the age.

Practicing its position: everyone takes his position and stands where he should stand.

Rituals of the Suburban Society: During the winter solstice in the Zhou Dynasty, the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven was held in the southern suburbs, called "Xiao";

褅味: 褅 (dì), a great sacrifice once every five years, is extremely grand, and only the emperor has the right to hold it.Tasting: It is one of the four seasons sacrifices of the ancestral temple, held every autumn. "Book of Rites · Wang Zhi": "The sacrifices to the ancestral temples of the princes and princes of the Son of Heaven are called Sui in spring, Xuan in summer, Chang in autumn, and Zheng in winter."

Governing a country is like showing your palms: This means that governing a country is as easy as seeing your own palm.Show, the same as "view".This is similar to the meaning of "The Analects of Confucius". "The Analects of Confucius Bayi": "If you ask about the theory of Yu, the master said: 'I don't know; the one who knows what he said is also known to the world, and it is like showing everyone!' Point to his palm."

【Translation】

Confucius said: "King Wu of Zhou and the Duke of Zhou are really the most filial people! The so-called filial piety is to be good at inheriting the legacy of the ancestors, and being good at continuing the unfinished achievements of the ancestors. During the spring and autumn seasons of sacrifice, the ancestors' temples are renovated, Display the sacrificial utensils, display the clothes left by the former kings, and present the delicious food in season.

"According to the etiquette system of ancestral temple sacrifices, arrange the order of father and son, elder and younger, relatives; arrange the order of official positions and titles, and you can distinguish between high and low; The level of talent is clearly distinguished; the younger generation must raise a glass to the elder first, so that the favor of the ancestors will be extended to the younger generation, and the banquet seats are determined according to the color of the hair during the banquet, so that the old and young can be orderly.

"Stand in the proper position, perform the sacrifices handed down by the former kings, play the music of the age of the former kings, respect what the former kings respected, and love what the former kings loved. Serving the dead is like serving the living; serving the dead is like serving the dead. This is the highest state of filial piety, just like serving living people.

"The etiquette of offering sacrifices to heaven and earth is formulated to serve the emperor and the land; the etiquette of ancestral temples is formulated to worship ancestors. After understanding the etiquette of the suburban society, the meaning of large and small sacrifices, then the people who govern the world and the country The truth is as easy to understand as looking at the things on the palm of your hand!"

[Zhu Xi Tips]

RightChapter 19.

【Translation】

Zhu Xi said that the above paragraph is Chapter 19.

(End of this chapter)