University · Moderate

Chapter 47
[Original text]

"Poetry" says ①: "Clothing and brocade are still printed ②." He also hates his writings.Therefore, the way of a gentleman is as dark as the day; the way of a villain is as clear as the sun; the way of a gentleman is light but never tiresome, simple and literary, gentle and reasonable, knowing the distance from the near [-], and knowing the wind from itself [-] , Knowing the subtlety of the obvious ⑦, can be compared with entering virtue.

"Poetry" says ⑧: "Although the potential is hidden ⑨, it is also the light of Confucius ⑩." Therefore, a gentleman does not feel guilty when he introspects B11, and has no evil in his ambition B12.What a gentleman can't reach is what a man can't see!
"Poetry" cloud B13: "The prime minister is in your room B14, but he is worthy of being in the house leak B15." Therefore, a gentleman does not move but respects, and he believes without saying anything.

"Poetry" says B16: "Playing false words without words B17, there is always controversy." Therefore, the gentleman does not reward but the people persuade B18, and the people are not angry but the people are prestige on the iron axe B19.

"Poetry" cloud B20: "Do not show B21 but virtue, and do all kinds of punishment." Therefore, a gentleman is respectful and the world is peaceful.

"Poetry" cloud B23: "I have Mingde, don't speak loudly and use color." Confucius said: "Sound and color are used to transform the people, and it is the end." "Poetry" said B24: "Virtue is like hair." B25. "Go to heaven, silent and odorless B26." To the end.

【Note】

① "Poetry" says: This poem comes from "The Book of Songs · Wei Feng · Shuo Ren".This poem is written: Wei Zhuanggong's wife, Mrs. Jiang, is a beauty.The day she first married in Weiguo, she left a deep impression on the people of Weiguo.That impression is what is described in this poem.

②Yijinshang絅: Yi (yì), used as a verb, to wear.Brocade, here refers to colorful silk clothing.Shang, add on top.絅 (jiǒng), a single gown made of hemp yarn.Shangxi, that is, adding a linen smock.The original poem is "褧衣".

③Darkness: dim appearance, dark, a variant of "dark".Rizhang: It is becoming clearer day by day.Chapter, same as "Zhang".

④ De Ran: A bright look.的 (dì), bright, remarkable, Song Yu's "Goddess Fu": "The red lips are like Dan."

⑤Knowing far and near: It means that knowing far starts from near.

⑥Knowledge of the Wind: It means knowing that to educate others must start from oneself.Wind, teaching. "Book Bi Ming": "The sound of the wind in the tree." Kong Chuan: "Establish its good wind and promote its good voice."

⑦ Knowing the subtlety of the obvious: It means knowing that the subtlety also has a certain influence on the significant.Micro, refers to hidden subtleties.

⑧ "Poetry" says: These two lines of poems come from "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·First Moon".This is a poem that exposes social reality.

[-] potential: hidden.Volt: Hidden.

[-] hole: very, very.Zhao: "Yi" in "The Book of Songs", 炤 (zhào) is the same as Zhao, meaning obvious.

Introspection (xǐng): often examine oneself inwardly. "The Analects of Confucius Xueer": "I examine myself three times a day." Guilt (jiù): The original meaning is chronic illness. "Release Name · Release Disease": "Guilty, long-term; long-term in the body." It is extended to worry and uneasiness. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Caiwei": "Worried and guilty."

no evil.Extended to mean "no shame".Zhi: heart. "Poetry Preface to Guanju": "The heart is the ambition."

"Poetry" cloud sentence: These two poems come from "The Book of Songs · Daya · Suppression".

Phase (xiàng): Look.In your room: You are alone in your room.Er, you.

Shang: When.Worthy of House Leakage: It means having a bright heart, not doing bad things or having bad thoughts in the dark.House leakage, dark place in the northwest corner of the house.Mao Chuan: "The northwest corner is called the leakage of the house."

"Poetry" said: These two poems come from "Book of Songs Shang Song Lie Zu".This poem is a song sung by Song, a descendant of Shang, when offering sacrifices to ancestors.

Play off: Pray, pray.Speechless: silent.

Persuade the people without rewards: The king can encourage the people without rewards.

□(fū) Yue (yuè): The ax used in the enforcement of military law in ancient times, the same as "axe and Yue".This is referred to as torture. □, guillotine.The ancients used the instrument of torture for cutting in half.Yue, an ancient weapon.

"Poetry" says: These two poems come from "Book of Songs Zhou Song Lie Wen".This is the song sung by the king of Zhou at the ceremony of making him a marquis.

Not obvious: fully displayed.No, pass "Pi", big.

Baipi (bì): Refers to the princes.Punishment: Same as "type", rule.This is an example.

"Poetry" says: These two poems come from "The Book of Songs Daya Huangyi".This is an epic narrating the history of the founding and entrepreneurship of the ancestors of the Zhou Dynasty.

"Poetry" said: This poem comes from "The Book of Songs Daya Zhimin".Virtue: Refers to the subtlety of virtue.輶 (yòu): An ancient light vehicle, which means light by extension.Mao: Feather.

Mao Youlun: This sentence means that although feathers are slight, there are still things that can be compared.Lun, Bi also.

Heaven: These two poems come from "The Book of Songs Daya King Wen".Contains: things.Smell (xiù): smell.The meaning of this poem is to say that the truth of God's cultivation of all things.Without sound and smell, there is nothing in the world to describe its sublime.

【Translation】

The "Book of Songs" says: "Wear brocade inside and linen clothes outside." This is because I hate the bright colors of brocade clothes.Therefore, the principle of a gentleman's conduct is that the appearance is dull and colorless, but the inner virtues are gradually revealed; Plain but meaningful inside, plain on the outside but full of literary talent, gentle on the outside but well-organized on the inside, know how to start from the near, know that enlightening others starts with yourself, know that the subtle places will affect the prominent places, and be able to master the above These principles can be included in the ranks of the noble virtues of the saints.

The "Book of Songs" says: "Fish are hidden in deep water, but they can still be seen clearly." Therefore, a gentleman often examines himself in the depths of his heart without feeling guilty, and will not have a guilty conscience.From this we can see that the reason why others are inferior to a gentleman is probably because a gentleman can strictly demand himself in places where others cannot see.

The "Book of Songs" says: "Looking at you alone in the room, you should have a bright heart and no shame." Therefore, even when a gentleman does not act, he can still have a respectful attitude, and even when he does not speak, he can also show his honesty.

"The Book of Songs" says: "Pray silently, and there will be no more disputes today." Therefore, if a gentleman does not need rewards, the people will be encouraged; if a gentleman does not need to be angry, the people will be more afraid than seeing executions.

"Book of Songs" said: "Fully promote good virtue, and the princes will follow suit." Therefore, the gentleman is loyal and respectful, and the world will be peaceful.

The "Book of Songs" says: "I miss King Wen's virtues, but he never uses his loud and harsh words." Confucius said: "Using loud and harsh words to influence the people is not grasping the root!" The "Book of Songs" says: "Virtue is as subtle as a feather. "Although the feather is slightly small, there is still something to compare it to. The "Book of Songs" says: "Everything in nature has its own way, and it is subtle to be silent and tasteless." This is the highest state.

[Zhu Xi Tips]

RightChapter 33.Because of the extreme words in the previous chapter, Zisi turned to seek the essence; he returned to his own thing after learning, and inferred it, so that it is tame and respectful, and the world is peaceful and prosperous, and he praises it. And then it's gone.Gai cites the main points of an article, and makes an appointment to say it.It repeats the meaning of Ding Ning to show people, it is so profound, can scholars not devote themselves to it?
【Translation】

Zhu Xi said that the above paragraph is Chapter 33.According to the acme of sage's morality mentioned in the previous chapter, Zisi in turn explored its fundamental method.In this chapter, it starts from the postgraduates to be cautious and independent, and continues to talk about the grand occasion of gentlemen who are honest and respectful and the world is peaceful.This is to cite the gist of the book "The Doctrine of the Mean" and summarize it.This kind of repeated exhortation to teach people is really profound and sincere. Can people who study not study with all their heart?Appendix Collection of Confucianism 【Original】

Duke Ai ordered the banquet, and Confucius waited on him, saying:
Confucianism has the treasures on the table to be hired, the night to study hard to be asked①, the loyalty and trust to be promoted, and the practice to be obtained.There are those who are self-reliant.

【Note】

① Su: Phoneme.Strong: Sound grabbing.

【Translation】

Duke Ai of Lu ordered people to lay out seats, and Confucius accompanied him, saying:

A Confucian is like a precious jade on a banquet table, waiting for the princes to use it for the betrothal gift; studying hard in the morning and evening, waiting for others to ask; having a loyal heart, waiting for recommendation; doing your best, waiting for admission.Confucian self-reliance is like this. 【original】

Confucianism is well-dressed and cautious in action; big concessions are like slowness, small concessions are like hypocrisy;There are those who look like this.

【Note】

① Porridge: Yin Yu.

【Translation】

Confucians dress modestly and act cautiously. Resignation when faced with great benefits is like arrogance, humility when faced with small benefits is like hypocrisy; prudence when doing big things is like fear, and respect is like being ashamed when doing small things; they are difficult to be impetuous and easy to retreat, weak and humble Looks like incompetent.This is the appearance of Confucianism. 【original】

Confucianism has a place where it is difficult to live, and it is respectful when sitting up; words must be believed first, actions must be upright; Taoism does not compete for the benefits of danger and change; winter and summer do not compete for the harmony of yin and yang; love its death and wait for it, nourish its body so that it can be successful Also ③.There are those who are prepared for this.

【Note】

① place: sound pestle.Qi: Audio excerpt.Difficult: go out.

②Painting: thoroughfare.

③ is: Yin Wei.

【Translation】

Confucianists are solemn and careful in their daily life. They are respectful when they sit and stand up. They must put credit first in their speech, and they must be upright and unbiased in their actions. Comfortable; Cherish life in order to have something to wait for, take care of the body in order to make a difference.This is how Confucians prepare for political cultivation. 【original】

Confucianism does not treasure gold and jade, but loyalty and trustworthiness are considered treasures; do not pray for land, but establish righteousness as land;If you don't see it from time to time, don't you think it's hard to get?Isn't it difficult to be incompatible with injustice?Isn't it easy to get paid after working first?There are such people close to him.

【Note】

① See: the current word.

【Translation】

Confucians do not regard gold and jade as treasures, but loyalty and trust; they do not pray for land, but regard the establishment of morality as land; Got it, got it, because Confucians do not fight for material benefits, so it is easy to grant salaries, although it is easy to grant salaries to others, but Confucians insist on principles, so it is difficult to raise.Wouldn't it be hard to get Confucians if they didn't show up at the right time?Confucianists do not cooperate with things that are not righteous. Isn't it difficult to raise animals?Isn't it easy to give a salary to serve first and then receive salary?This is how Confucians treat others. 【original】

Confucianism entrusts it with goods and wealth, floods it with pleasure①, sees the profit and does not lose its righteousness; robs the crowd, discourages it with soldiers②, sees death and does not change its defense③; prey grabs and fights④, does not become a brave man ⑤; draw heavy tripod, do not achieve its strength; do not regret the past, do not hesitate to come; stop exaggerating, gossip is not extreme; continue to be powerful, do not practice its schemes.There are such special ones.

【Note】

①Music: Tone.Good: Yinhao.

②Ju: Sound lift.

③ More: Yin Geng.

④ Prey: Sound to.Grab: sound decision.

⑤Bu Chengxiu: Wang Nian and Sun Yun: "Take it as 'Bu Cheng Qiyong', and write with 'Bu Cheng Qi Li'."

【Translation】

For a Confucian, if you give him money and goods, indulge him with fun and hobbies, the Confucian will not see profit and harm righteousness; use the crowd to coerce him, use weapons to intimidate him, the Confucian will not change his conduct in the face of death; Attack, stand up and fight against it, don't measure your own bravery; pull the heavy tripod, do your best, don't measure whether your physical strength is enough; don't regret the past opportunities, and don't rejoice in the coming opportunities; don't say the wrong thing again, Hearing rumors, he disdains to get to the bottom of it; he constantly maintains his dignity and does not study any political tactics.This is how Confucians stand uniquely. 【original】

Confucianism is amiable but not robbed, close but not forced, able to be killed but not humiliated.Its residence is not promiscuous, its diet is not heavy①, and its faults can be differentiated but not counted.②.There are those who have such fortitude.

【Note】

①溽: Sound enters.

②Number: Sound genus.

【Translation】

Confucianists can be close but not hijacked, approached but not forced, killed but not insulted; their dwellings are not extravagant, their food is not rich, their faults can be euphemistically analyzed but not face-to-face.Such is the strength and perseverance of the Confucians. 【original】

Confucianism has loyalty and trustworthiness as armor, etiquette and righteousness as dry oars; wear benevolence to act, and embrace righteousness; although there is tyranny, do not change it.There are those who are self-reliant.

【Note】

① Scull: Yin Lu.

② place: sound pestle.

③ More: Yin Geng.

【Translation】

Confucians use loyalty and trust as their armor, propriety and righteousness as their shield, act with benevolence on their heads, and live with righteousness in their arms. Even if the state is tyrannical, they will not change what they guard.Confucian self-reliance is like this. 【original】

Confucianism has a palace of an acre, a closed room, a gate and a house, and a peng household urn;There are people like this in his official career.

【Note】

① Tan: The sound is complete.窬: Yin Yu.

② Peng: Yin Peng.Urn: the voice of Weng.牖: Audio friend.

③ flattery: sound production.

【Translation】

Confucianists have a house with one mu of land, and live in rooms that are one foot square around them. The gate is made of bamboo, and a small side door shaped like a gui is dug out from the wall of the courtyard. The round window is made for the frame, and the whole family has a complete coat. Whoever goes out can change into it, and eat one day's food for two days; the king agrees to adopt his suggestion, so he dare not have doubts, and the king does not agree with his suggestion, so he will be in a hurry. Don't dare to flatter and seek progress.This is the spirit of Confucian officials who are honest and honest in their official duties. 【original】

Confucianism has the people of today and their residences, and the ancients and Ji ①; what is practiced in this world, later generations will think it regular; And the aspirations cannot be taken away; although the daily life is in danger, if you believe in your aspirations, you will never forget the illnesses of the people.There are those who worry about it.

【Note】

① Ji: sound base.

② slander: sound cicada.Than: Yinbi.

③ letter: sound deep, open and extended.

【Translation】

Confucians live together with the people of today, and they are in harmony with the tastes of the ancients; the behavior of Confucians in this world can be used as a model for future generations; if they do not meet the prosperity of the world, no one quotes from above, no one recommends from below, and there are people who slander and flatter. Form a party to harm him; the body can be harmed, but the ambition cannot be taken away; even if it endangers his daily life, in the end he will stretch his ambition, and he will never forget the suffering of the people.Confucian worries and thoughts are like this. 【original】

Confucianism is erudite but not poor, earnest practice is not tiresome, dwells in seclusion but is not promiscuous, is well-rounded but not sleepy; etiquette values ​​harmony, loyalty and trustworthiness are beautiful, and the method of traveling is excellent; admiring the virtuous and tolerant of the crowd, destroying the square and tyranny .There are those who are so rich.

【Note】

① row: sound apricot.

【Translation】

A Confucian learns extensively and endlessly, devotes himself to practice and never tires; when he lives in seclusion, he does not indulge in adultery, when he is mastered, he does not lose his composure and embarrassment; Gentle way of approach; admiring the virtuous and tolerant of the masses, sometimes you can cut off your own square edges and follow the crowd, just like the superimposition of roof tiles.Confucian tolerance is like this. 【original】

Confucianism has the saying that internally one does not seek relatives, and externally one does not seek resentment; Cheng Gong accumulates deeds, promotes virtuous men and advances them, does not expect their rewards, and the emperor obtains his aspirations; seeks to benefit the country, and does not seek wealth and honor.There are those who can do this by raising talents.

【Note】

① Pi: The sound must be avoided.The same below.

【Translation】

Confucians recommend talents, as long as the other party has both ability and integrity and can be competent. Internally, they do not shy away from praising relatives, and externally they do not shy away from recommending enemies.Confucians measure achievements, accumulate facts, recommend talents to advance to the top, and do not expect their rewards, thus fulfilling the wish of the monarch to use talents; as long as it is beneficial to the country, Confucians do not seek wealth by recommending talents.This is the style of Confucianism in recommending the worthy. 【original】

Confucianism has heard good things to tell each other, seeing good things to show each other; ranks first, and adversity dies; treats each other for a long time, and meets each other far away.There are people like this.

【Translation】

Among Confucians, when they hear good things, they tell each other, and when they see good words, they pass on to each other; Unhappy in the distance, he tried to attract him to become an official.This is how Confucians treat and recommend like-minded friends. 【original】

(End of this chapter)