golden ear

Chapter 338 Emperor VS Literati
"Another characteristic of Ming-style furniture is its excellent material. It is mostly made of precious wood such as huanghuali wood, rosewood, iron pear wood, chicken wing wood, wood, and nanmu. These woods have high hardness and stable wood properties, and can be processed into relatively Small components, and precise mortise and rivets, make the finished utensils extremely strong and firm.”

"The craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty also paid great attention to the color effect of the furniture, and used the parts with good materials and beautiful colors on the surface or the obvious position of the front as much as possible. Without careful consideration, they will never start lightly. Therefore, the beautiful shape and the unique wood itself The natural texture and color add infinite artistic charm to Ming-style furniture."

Wu Tianyuan took this very seriously. He once saw a pair of sea yellow cabinets with big tops collected by a big player on TV. The [-]-meter-tall Big Mac was all single boards.There are twelve animal faces on the front panel, monkey face, fox face, cat face and more.Although some are far-fetched, it also shows its unique beauty.

"Ming-style furniture is divided into two artistic styles, concise shape and dense shape. The simple shape accounts for a large proportion. Regardless of the form, it must be decorated with appropriate carvings. The simple shape furniture is mainly lined, such as the The legs are designed to be arc-shaped, commonly known as "drum legs and teeth", "sanwan legs", "crane legs", "ant legs" and so on. Various shapes, some like square bottles, some like flower statues, and some Some are like flower drums, some are like official hats."

Mr. Ouyang took this good opportunity to find a lot of furniture in the factory, all kinds of it.He took good care of Wu Tianyuan's lessons. This kid has a very high level of comprehension.

"If you look carefully, various lines are often decorated on the corners or surfaces of each component. For example, the slightly curved leg surface is called "plain mixed surface"; the line on one side of the leg surface is called "mixed surface single "Sideline". Lines starting from both sides and arcing in the middle are called "mixed double-sided lines". The legs are concave and arc-shaped, which is called "waving".

"There is also a decorative technique imitating rattan. It is to make two or more round bodies on the surface of the legs. It seems to put together several round materials, so the city "splits the material". Usually, it is divided into four pieces. There are many methods. Because of its shape like a sesame straw, it is also called "sesame stalk".

"The function of the moldings not only adds to the beauty of the body, but also the sharp edges and corners are smooth and soft, giving it a natural style."

Wu Tianyuan followed Mr. Ouyang to study carefully. It was a rare opportunity. After all, Mr. Ouyang was old, so it was impossible for him to study with him every day.He likes this simple Ming-style furniture the most, simplicity is not simple!
"Donghua-shaped furniture is different from concise-shaped furniture. Most of them have exquisite and complicated carving patterns, or use small components to form large-area lattice doors and enclosures, etc., which belong to the type with strong decoration. The image of wealth and honor without the slightest feeling of cumbersomeness.”

"Does the royal family use it a lot? Ordinary people can't afford such good work?" Wu Tianyuan asked, this kind of furniture work is more expensive than materials.

"That is, all the best works of art in ancient times were reserved for the royal family." Mr. Ouyang nodded: "Let's not talk about ancient times, but now an antique furniture costs half of the material cost, and the other half of the labor cost! There are fewer and fewer good craftsmen. , the craftsmanship is getting more and more expensive.”

"There is another identification method. Ming-style furniture often uses metal as auxiliary components to enhance the use of functions. Since most of these metal ornaments have their own artistic shapes, they are also a unique decorative technique. It not only further enhances the furniture. Reinforcement, but also to add luster to the furniture."

The characteristics of furniture in the Ming Dynasty and the former Qing Dynasty are usually said to be "refined, ingenious, simple, and elegant".Therefore, it is often used as a standard to distinguish furniture from the Ming Dynasty and the former Qing Dynasty.Fine, that is, well-selected materials and exquisite production.Ming-style furniture is mostly made of precious woods such as red sandalwood, huanghuali, and iron pear wood, which are hard, fine-grained, and deep in color.

In terms of craftsmanship, the mortise and tenon structure is adopted, and the connection is reasonable, so that the furniture is solid and durable.Due to the slow growth of red sandalwood, huanghuali, and iron pear wood, these materials became increasingly scarce after being harvested and used in large quantities in the Ming Dynasty.

By the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, these woods were very difficult to find.Therefore, after the Qing Dynasty, furniture has undergone fundamental changes in the materials used. To identify and distinguish whether it is Ming Dynasty furniture, the review of materials is very important.

Clever, that is, exquisitely made and ingeniously designed.The shape and structure of furniture in the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to matching with hall buildings.The overall configuration of the furniture itself is also well-organized and very harmonious. Users feel comfortable sitting on it, and feel comfortable lying on it. Displaying it in the hall has the ingenious effect of decorating the environment and filling the space.

Jane means concise shape and smooth lines.Although the shape of Ming-style furniture is varied and often changes, there is one basic point, which is simplicity.Some people compare it to Bada Shanren's paintings, which are concise, clear and general.A few lines and combined shapes give people the artistic effect of being quiet and beautiful, simple and stable, sparse and ethereal.

Elegance means fresh style, elegant and dignified.Elegance is a kind of culture, that is, "bookish".Elegance is a state of beauty.Scholars in the Ming Dynasty advocated "elegance".High-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen are also vassals of "elegance".

Since many literati and painters living in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty directly participated in gardening art and furniture design and production, craftsmen also catered to the literati's elegant taste, thus forming the "elegant" character of Ming-style furniture.The embodiment of elegance in furniture is concise shape, simple decoration, fresh and natural color without artificiality.

Mr. Ouyang took Wu Tianyuan to see some representative Ming-style furniture, such as armchairs, top chests, and tables.Point out some key points and details for identification and appreciation, and then come to the Qing-style furniture exhibition area on the other side.

"Qing-style furniture is somewhat different from Ming-style furniture in terms of modeling art and style. The characteristics of Qing-style furniture are firstly reflected in the thick and heavy materials. The overall size of the furniture is wider than that of Ming-style furniture, and the corresponding partial size is also increased."

"It is not as simple, generous, elegant, and comfortable as the standards of Ming-style furniture, but heavy, prosperous, and magnificent. Therefore, it appears to be heavy and not handsome enough, giving people a dull and cumbersome feeling, and lacks appropriateness. Some are scientific. But on the other hand, since Qing-style furniture is based on richness, luxury, stability, and majesty, in order to achieve the design purpose, various methods, various materials, and various forms are used to skillfully decorate the furniture. And it worked out very well.”

Anyone who has been to the Forbidden City knows that it is basically red sandalwood furniture, calm and atmospheric.Red sandalwood itself is the densest and the heaviest in mahogany, so it looks very rich.Especially purple, the royal family paid attention to the purple air coming from the east, so the royal family in Qing Dynasty especially loved red sandalwood.

It took more than 100 years for three generations of emperors Kang, Yong and Qian to replace all the furniture in the Forbidden City with red sandalwood. They gathered skilled craftsmen from all over the world to use the best materials and the most expensive books. One can imagine how luxurious it is.

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(End of this chapter)