China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 44

In 1119 AD, Song Jiang took the lead in the uprising in Hebei.Song Jiang had only 36 people at the beginning of the uprising, mainly to fight and punish corrupt officials.In the twelfth lunar month of the same year, the Song Dynasty issued an edict to recruit the Songjiang uprising army, but the uprising army did not surrender and continued to fight.Later, the Fangla Uprising broke out in the southeast, and the Song Dynasty temporarily had no power to deal with the Song Jiang uprising army. Song Jiang's uprising army developed rapidly and moved to various places in Jingdong, haunting Qing (now Shandong Yidu), Ji (now Shandong Jinan), Pu ( In the area of ​​today's Juancheng North, Shandong) and Dan (today's Dongping, Shandong), corrupt officials from all over the country were frightened.Song Jiang's uprising troops posed a great threat to the feudal rule of the Song Dynasty."Water Margin", one of the four famous novels, is based on this story.In 1121 AD, the Song Jiang uprising army went south and was attacked by Zhang Shuye's ambush.Song Jiang and part of the rebel army surrendered to Zhang Shuye and accepted the recruitment.

Fang La, also known as Fang Shisan, was born in Qingxi, Muzhou (now Chun'an, Zhejiang).Fang La's family had a lacquer garden, and officials from the Construction Bureau often went to his house to extort money. Fang La couldn't bear it, so he used various secret religious activities, including Manichaeism, to organize farmers to prepare for an uprising.At this moment, the minions of the government discovered Fang La's activities and reported to the government.Fang La heard the news and immediately took decisive measures. In 1120 A.D., he called on the backbone of his lacquer garden to carry out an emergency mobilization, calling for an uprising, cracking down on corrupt officials, and overthrowing the Song Dynasty. The local people immediately responded enthusiastically.On the first day of the winter month of the same year, Fang La claimed to be the "Holy Duke", established Yuan Yongle, appointed officials and generals, and established a political power.The uprising team quickly grew from more than a thousand people to nearly ten thousand people, and captured Qingxi County, and then took advantage of the situation to capture Jiande City of Muzhou Prefecture, Shouchang, Fenshui, Tonglu, Suian and other counties belonging to Muzhou, as well as Hangzhou .At this time, Southeast states and counties responded one after another, and the uprising team grew rapidly.

●Jinlian Dasong destroys the Liao Kingdom
In order to completely eliminate the Liao Dynasty, Jin Taizu Wanyan Aguda launched a battle to destroy the Liao Dynasty with the five capitals of the Liao Dynasty as the strategic goal.The steps to capture the five capitals are to capture Tokyo, Shangjing, Zhongjing, Xijing, and Nanjing successively, and the strategic plan is well-planned and appropriate.During the fierce battle between the Jin army and the Liao army, the Song Dynasty wanted to take the opportunity to regain the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun, which had been occupied by the Liao state for a long time, so they made an appointment with Jin to attack the Liao state together.

In 1120 A.D., the Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty agreed that the Jin Dynasty would take the Dading Mansion in the middle of the Liao Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty would take the Xijin Mansion in the Nanjing City of the Liao Dynasty. Sixteen prefectures were returned to the Song Dynasty.Because the envoys of the two sides negotiated through the Bohai Sea, this covenant was called the "Sea Covenant".In 1123 AD, Jin Taizu Aguda died of illness, and his younger brother Wanyan Sheng succeeded to the throne, who was Jin Taizong.In the second year, the Liao army quickly collapsed under the attack of Song and Jin. Emperor Tianzuo was captured in the east of Xincheng in Yingzhou (in today's Shanxi), and the Liao Dynasty perished.

●Battle of Li Gang Tokyo
In 1125 A.D., Jin Taizong Wanyan Sheng used the excuse that the Song Dynasty had broken the maritime covenant signed by the two parties, and attacked the Song Dynasty in two directions southward.At the beginning of the second year, the Eastern Route Army led by Jin You Deputy Marshal Wanyan Zongwang crossed the Yellow River, drove straight into it, and approached the capital Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan).Song Huizong passed the throne to Prince Zhao Huan (Song Qinzong), who claimed to be the Supreme Emperor, and took refuge in the south with 2 soldiers.Facing the burning, looting and killing by Jin soldiers, the Song court was divided into two factions, the main battle and the surrender.The capitulation faction advocated cession of land and seeking peace, while Li Gang, the leader of the anti-Japanese war faction, advocated resolute resistance.

On the seventh day of the first month of the first year of Song Qinzong Jingkang (January 1126, 1 AD), the defense of Tokyo began.The Jin soldiers attacked the city with fire boats, Li Gang ordered the soldiers to hook the fire boats with hooks, and threw large stones from the tower to destroy the fire boats; soldier.At this time, about 31 rebels came to rescue Tokyo from Hebei, Shandong and other places, and the situation improved greatly.The Jinren took the opportunity to blackmail and put forward many harsh conditions, but Zhao Huan accepted them all. In order to reduce the resistance to surrender, Li Gang was dismissed.This incident aroused great anger among the people in the city.Tai student Chen Dong led hundreds of students to Xuandemen to write a letter, pointing out that Li Gang cannot be dismissed, and Li Bangyan and Zhang Bangchang, who are in charge of harmony, are the thieves of the country.Unexpectedly, tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians gathered, their voices moved, and finally turned into a massive petition with hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians.Zhao Huan was afraid and had to reinstate Li Gang.Seeing that the morale of the Song Dynasty was boosted and the reinforcements continued to come, the Jinren went deep alone, fearing that something might happen, so they took the initiative to siege away before the Northern Song Dynasty had enough gold and silver.The defense of Tokyo led by Li Gang ended in success.

●"Jingkang Change" Northern Song Dynasty died
In February of the first year of Song Qinzong Jingkang (1126 AD), Li Gang led the Song army to successfully defend the capital.In April, the Supreme Emperor Zhao Ji thought that Tokyo was safe and sound, so he returned to Kaifeng and continued to live his licentious and corrupt life.At this time, the surrender faction became active again, and the Northern Song Dynasty no longer strengthened its military preparations. The reinforcements who came to defend Tokyo from all over the country were also sent back by Song Qinzong Zhao Huan.Soon, Li Gang was deprived of his military power and demoted to Yangzhou.In August, Jin Taizong sent troops to invade the south on a large scale again. With Wanyan Zonghan and Wanyan Zongwang as the left and right deputy marshals, he attacked the Northern Song Dynasty in two ways, east and west.Wanyan Zonghan's army stormed Taiyuan until the beginning of September, when the city of Taiyuan was broken.In Dongyue, Zong Han led the army southward from Taiyuan. The Song army he met along the way either abandoned the city and fled, or surrendered obediently. Therefore, the Jin soldiers went south smoothly and quickly crossed the Yellow River.It took only 20 days for Wanyan Zongwang's army on the East Road to attack the city of Kaifeng.Zong Han led the troops to arrive, and the two armies joined together, stationed outside the Xun Gate in the south of Kaifeng City, and surrounded Kaifeng City again.

In Kaifeng City, Li Gang was relegated to various places, and the reinforcements from all over the place were also sent away by the surrender. The defenders were short of equipment and the whole court panicked.The Jin Army quickly entered Kaifeng City.The patriotic soldiers started street fighting with the enemy in the city, but Zhao Huan sent people to Jinying to ask for peace.

The envoy sent to Jinying to seek peace came back to report to Zhao Huan, and the Jin army proposed that the emperor must go to negotiate in person.Therefore, Zhao Huan led several ministers to the Jin camp, presented a form of surrender, and knelt down to profess his ministers to the Kingdom of Jin.

The Jin soldiers burned, killed and looted wantonly in Kaifeng City, and seized the gold and silver property of various yamen in the Song Dynasty.At the beginning of 1127 AD, Jin soldiers detained Qinzong and Huizong successively. Jin Taizong issued an edict to abolish their thrones, and put them together with the empress dowager, empress, concubine, princess, prince, ministers and various handicraft craftsmen in the Song Palace. More than 3000 people were escorted to the Kingdom of Jin and used as slaves.Not only that, all kinds of books, musical instruments, astronomical instruments, gold and silver treasures collected in the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty were also robbed by Jin soldiers.

In this way, the Northern Song Dynasty was wiped out by the Kingdom of Jin.This year was the second year of Jingkang Emperor Qinzong of Song Dynasty (AD H27), which was called "Jingkang Change" in history.

●Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor and built the Southern Song Dynasty
After the "Jingkang Change" in the second year of Jingkang of Emperor Qinzong of Song Dynasty (1127 A.D.), Zhang Bangchang, a traitor, was appointed as the Emperor of Chu by the Jin Book, and then withdrew his troops and returned to the north.After Jin retired, Kaifeng soldiers and civilians and old court officials no longer supported Zhang Bangchang, and soldiers and horses from all walks of life "King Qin" also drove to Kaifeng to denounce Zhang Bangchang.Zhang Bangchang had no choice but to welcome Empress Yuanyou of the Song Dynasty into the palace to listen to the government behind a curtain.In April, Empress Yuanyou sent a handwritten letter to Jeju, making King Kang Zhao Gou the throne.On the first day of May, Zhao Gou ascended the throne in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan), changed the Yuan Dynasty to Jianyan, and rebuilt the Song Dynasty. It was called "Southern Song Dynasty" in history, and Zhao Gou was Song Gaozong.

Zhao Gou was the ninth son of Zhao Ji, who was named King Kang.After Zhao Jian established the Southern Song Dynasty, the economy continued to develop and the culture further prospered, but the Southern Song Dynasty regime was always unstable under the threat of Jin.

●Yelü Dashi rebuilt the Liao Dynasty

Yelu Dashi, a native of Khitan, is knowledgeable, proficient in Khitan and Chinese, and good at riding and shooting. He was a Jinshi in 1115 A.D., and served as the Imperial Palace Chengzhi.

Agu fought to destroy the Liao Dynasty, and Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao Dynasty was defeated and fled to Jiashan (in present-day Inner Mongolia) in 1122 AD.In 1124 A.D., Emperor Tianzuo led his army from Jiashan to attack the Kingdom of Jin in the east, intending to recover Yan and Yun.Yelu Dashi dissuaded him, but Emperor Tianzuo refused. Yelu Dashi proclaimed himself king, led 18 riders to go northward, crossed Heishui, and was funded by the chief of Baidada (Wang Gubu), and rode to Kedun City, an important town in northwestern Liaoning.This area was originally the land of the vast nomadic tribes under the rule of the Liao Dynasty in Mobei, and it was not invaded by the Jin soldiers.In Ketun City, he summoned 4 tribes from the seven prefectures including Weiwu on the border and 600 tribes including Rhubarb Shiwei, Uguri, Dishi, Damili, Zub, and Mierji to form a new army. Thousands of war horses, officials and officials were set up, a new regime was established, and the revival of the Liao Dynasty was planned.Many Turkic tribes came to surrender, and their power gradually increased to 100 households.Before long, he decided to march west. Before he left, he sent a letter to the Uyghur king Bi Lege of Xizhou (Gaochang), saying that he would take the road westward to Dashi (referring to Tajikistan, generally referring to Central Asia). Bi Lege entertained him for three days and presented 3000 horses, 1126 camels, and [-] sheep were sent out of the country.In the places along the way, those who resisted were wiped out, those who surrendered were appeased, and there were as many countries as surrendered.In [-] A.D., Yelu Dashi took Baci Shagun (in today's Kyrgyzstan) as its capital, and called it Husi Ordu (meaning powerful palace tent).Seal Ibrahim as "Ilik Yi Turkmen", which means the king of Turkmen, and retain his rule over Kashgar and Hotan.

In 1132 A.D., Yelu Dashi proclaimed himself emperor in the newly-built Yemili, changed the name to "Yanqing", and adopted the Turkic title "Guerhan" (or translated "Gerhan"). This is the "Xilao Dynasty" in Chinese history. ".Soon, Yelu Dashi made Gaochang Uighur his vassal.At this time, the Donghaci Khan Dynasty, which ruled Baci Shagun, was weak, and its subordinates (Ge Luolu) and Kangli tribes rebelled, so they asked for help from Yelu Dashi and promised to put his entire territory in Yelu Dashi. under the rule ofYelu Dashi took the opportunity to replace his rule.

In 1134 A.D., Yelu Dashi took Xiao Wuli, the king of the Sixth Academy, as the marshal of the army and horses, Xiao Chaci Abu as the deputy marshal, Yelu Yanshan as the capital deployment, Yelu Tiege as the capital supervisor, and led 7 cavalry to conquer gold in the east. In the DPRK, he was preparing to avenge his previous revenge. After arriving in Kashgar and Khotan, he traveled thousands of miles. Many cattle and horses died on the way, and he was forced to return to the teacher.

In 1137 A.D., Yelu Dashi sent an army to attack Mahamu Khan, Suandan (Sudan), who ruled Xunsigan (Samarkand), and was defeated by Huzhi.After Mahamu Khan retreated to search for work, he reorganized his arms and asked for help from his uncle, Seljuk Sangjaer in Khorasan.In the summer of 1141 AD, Sanjaer crossed the Amu Darya River and raised 10 troops to attack. Yelu Dashi led the Khitan, Turkic, and Han troops to face Katwan, north of Xunsigan.On the ninth day of September, Sanjaer was defeated, the whole army was wiped out, and the corpses were dozens of miles away. Sanjaer and Mahamu Khan were only spared.Yelu Dashi took advantage of the victory to attack Bukhala (Bukhara) in the north. The suzerainty of Buhaci and Xunsiqian was transferred from Sanjaer to Yelu Dashi. Shi Khan" and left a "Sahina" to supervise his rule.As a result, the Xiha Clan Khan Dynasty also became a vassal of Xiliao.In the same year, Yelu Dashi ordered his general Erbusi to attack Huacizimo, and Huacizimo Shah Ajisi also surrendered and became a vassal of Xiliao, paying a large amount of gold coins and livestock.So far, the territory of Xiliao has been quite vast: starting from Hami in the east, reaching the Aral Sea in the west, reaching the upper reaches of the Yenisei River in the north, and reaching the Amu Darya River in the south. It became the most powerful empire in Central Asia for a while.

●Yue Fei who served the country faithfully
Yue Fei, courtesy name Pengju, was born in Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now in Henan Province).When I was a child, I was very honest, kind, and reticent.His family was poor, but he worked extremely hard.He loves reading "Zuo Shi Chunqiu", "Sun Wu Art of War" and other books.He is strong and strong, and he can make a 300-jin bow and an eight-stone crossbow when he was a child. Later, he learned horseback riding and archery from Zhou Tong, and he was able to use both sides of the bow.After Zhou Tong's death, Yue Fei went to his tomb to pay homage at the beginning and end of every month.His father believed that Yue Fei was a loyal man, so he said to him: "If you are used by the times, you can be loyal to the country."

In the autumn of the third year of Shaoxing (1133), Yue Fei went to court to meet Emperor Gaozong.Emperor Gaozong personally wrote the four characters "Jing Zhong Yue Fei", made it into a banner and presented it to him, and promoted him to be the commander of the military capital of the Empress Shenwu, and was still the envoy of the system. Belongs to Yue Fei.In the fourth year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei, who was the envoy of Eyue Prefecture in Jingnan, wrote to Emperor Gaozong again, requesting to "go straight to the Central Plains and restore the old frontier".In the seventh year of Shaoxing, Yue Fei went to the Shu twice again, asking for the restoration of all Gyeonggi and Shaanxi, "to take the Central Plains by long drive".

Yue Fei met Emperor Gaozong many times to discuss the strategy of restoring the mountains and rivers.He also went to Shu Gaozong, saying, "The reason why the Jin people established the Liuyu Puppet State of Qi in Henan is to trample on the Central Plains, and use the Central Plains people to fight the Central Plains people, so that the Jin soldiers can take a rest and sit on the mountain to watch the tigers fight. I hope your majesty If you can give me time, you can lead your troops to Tokyo and Luoyang (both in present-day Henan), and guard Heyang (now in Henan), Shanfu (now in Henan), and Tongguan (now in Shaanxi), so as to call on The five rebels who surrendered to the Jin people, after the rebels returned, led the king's division to advance, the Jin soldiers must abandon Kaifeng and flee to Hebei (now Hebei Daming), Jinghui (now Henan Kaifeng), Shanyou (now Xi'an) The area can be restored. Then, divide the troops into Junzhou (now Junxian County, Henan Province) and Huazhou (now Huaxian County, Henan Province) to manage the Lianghe area. In this way, Liu Yu can be captured and Jin soldiers can be eliminated. The country's long-term The strategy is all in one fell swoop."

Emperor Gaozong replied that the rejuvenation of the country is all up to you.He also ordered Yue Fei to control Guangzhou (now Yanchuan, Henan).

In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1140), Jin soldiers attacked Gongzhou (now Weixian County, Henan Province) and Haozhou (now Haoxian County, Anhui Province), and Liu Yi, a general of the Southern Song Dynasty, was in a hurry.Gao Zong ordered Yue Fei to go to the rescue.

Yue Fei sent Zhang Xian and Yao Zheng to go there.Emperor Gaozong gave Yue Fei a handwritten letter: "Military operations are all up to you, and I will never control them from afar." Yue Fei also sent Wang Gui, Niu Gao, Dong Xian, Yang Zaixing, Meng Bangjie, Li Bao, etc. to station in Xijing and Ruzhou (now Ruzhou, Henan) respectively. An), Zhengzhou (now Zhengzhou, Henan), Yingchang (now Henan Yuannei), Chenzhou (now Henan Zhunyang), Caozhou (now northwest of Cao County, Shandong), Guangzhou, Caizhou (now Henan Runan) and other counties.He also ordered Liang Xing to cross the Yellow River, assemble the Loyalty Society, and seize Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi) and Beizhou County.Later, he sent troops to aid Liu Yi in the east and Guo Hao in the west, and he personally led the army to march towards the Central Plains.Before setting off, he secretly wrote to Emperor Gaozong: "Please rectify the foundation of the country first to appease the people, and then manage politics diligently to show that you have not forgotten your ambition to avenge the Jin people."

After Gaozong received the secret memorial, he greatly appreciated Yue Fei's loyalty, added him as a young guard, and served as recruiting envoy from various roads in Henan and Hebei.Within a few days, the generals sent by Yue Fei succeeded one after another.Yue Fei's army was stationed in Yingchang, and the generals from all walks of life divided their troops into battle. Yue Fei led Qingqi to garrison Yancheng (now Henan), and his troops were overwhelming.

Commander of Jin Bing, Wu Shu, called Dragon and Tiger King and other generals to discuss, trying to lure Yue Fei's army and horses to come, and then fight with all his strength.Yue Fei sent people to challenge every day, and cursed and lured the enemy.Wushu was furious, and joined forces from King Dragon and Tiger, King Gaitian, and Han Chang to attack Yancheng.Yue Fei sent his son Yue Yun to lead the cavalry straight to the enemy.Yue Yun and Jin Bing fought hard for dozens of rounds, and Jin Bing's dead bodies were everywhere.It turned out that there was a strong army in Wushu, all wearing heavy armor, connected by ropes, and riding three in one, known as "kidnapper horses", the Song army could not resist.In this battle, Wushu sent 15000 "kidnappers" into the battle.Yue Fei told the infantry that they should lower their heads and chop off horses' legs when encountering an enemy. The "kidnapping horse" was originally connected by three people, one horse fell down, and the other two riders also fell down.In this way, the officers and soldiers bravely killed the enemy and defeated the "kidnapper horse".Wu Shu said sadly: "We raised troops from the sea, and we all won by 'kidnapping horses'. Now it's all over!"

After the great victory in Yancheng, Yue Fei was preparing to cross the Yellow River in an effort to restore the Central Plains. However, Qin Hui, the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, wanted to use the Huaihe River to demarcate the border, assigning the land north of the Huaihe River to the Jin soldiers, and asked Gaozong to order Yue Fei to return to the court.

Yue Fei said: "The Jin soldiers have lost all their vigor, and they have lost all their supplies in the general. They are desperately fleeing and crossing the river. Heroes from all sides are vying to kill the enemy, and the fighting spirit of the local soldiers is high. .”

Qin Hui knew that Yue Fei's ambition was to restore the Central Plains, and it was difficult to stop him, so he ordered Zhang Jun, Yang Yizhong and others to lead the team first, and then played. .

Yue Fei was filled with resentment, lamented tears, and cried to the east: "Our ten years of hard work have been ruined!" Yue Fei had to withdraw his troops, and the people stopped their horses and cried bitterly: "We carry incense pots and deliver food and grass to welcome officers and soldiers to kill thieves. All the gold thieves know. If the general retreats, the gold soldiers will surely return, and then we will all die at the hands of the gold soldiers." Yue Fei also cried bitterly. He took out the imperial edict and showed it to everyone, saying: "How dare I disobey the imperial order and kill myself without authorization?" Stay." There was a burst of crying.

After the squadron returned to the court, Yue Fei was relieved of his military power, and he and his son Yue Yun were arrested and imprisoned for "rebellion".On the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month of this year, Yue Fei, a heroic and heroic patriotic general who fought against gold, was killed by the treacherous prime minister Qin Hui on charges of "unnecessary" (maybe) crimes. He was only 39 years old. Yue Yun, who was killed at the same time, was only 23 years old at the time. age.

●Qin Hui, the first traitor through the ages

There are many treacherous ministers and traitors in ancient and modern China and abroad, but anyone is inferior to Qin Hui, and Qin Hui is the number one traitor throughout the ages.When Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured by Jin soldiers, Qin Hui, his wife Wang and his attendants were also captured to the Kingdom of Jin.Qin Hui was humble and obedient in front of Jin Taizong. Jin Taizong thought he was very loyal and talented, so he handed him over to General Talan for appointment.From then on, Qin Hui followed Ta Lan step by step and gradually became his confidant.

In 1130 AD, Jin Jiang Talan led troops to attack Shanyang (now Huai'an, Jiangsu), an important town in Huaibei, and ordered Qin Hui to go with him.Why should Qin Hui go with him?Tarlan believes that the Southern Song Dynasty can be completely defeated by collusion with the inside and outside, and this "inside" can only be used by Qin Hui.However, Qin Hui surrendered to the Kingdom of Jin, but no one in the Southern Song Dynasty knew about it, and the Jin people planned to send Qin Hui back to the Southern Song Dynasty as an internal response as a suitable candidate.After Shanyang was captured, Jin soldiers entered the city one after another.Qin Hui and others boarded a boat and went to nearby Lianshui (now Lianshui, Jiangsu), where they were caught by patrol soldiers of Ding Si, the commander of the water village, and wanted to kill him.Qin Hui said: "I am Qin Hui, the censor Zhongcheng. If there are any scholars here, you should know my name." There was a wine seller Wang Xiucai who never knew Qin Hui, but pretended to know Qin Hui, and said: "Zhongcheng has worked hard. It’s not easy to come back!” Everyone thought that since Wang Xiucai knew Qin Hui, he would not kill him, but treat each other with courtesy, and later sent their family to Lin’an (now Hangzhou).

(End of this chapter)