China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 45

When Qin Hui returned to the Southern Song Dynasty, he concealed the truth, saying that he had killed the Jin soldiers who were monitoring them and seized the ship.The ministers immediately asked a series of questions: Sun Fu, He Li, and Sima Pu were captured together with Qin Hui, why did Qin Hui return alone?From Yanshan Mansion (southwest of Beijing today) to Chuzhou 2800 miles, it is necessary to cross mountains and rivers, is there no interrogation on the way?How can you kill the guards and return to the south smoothly?Besides, even if the enemy's defenses were not strict and Qin Hui was allowed to sneak away, he must have been in a hurry, so how could he take Wang with him?Only his close friends, Prime Minister Fan Zongyin and Li Hui defended him from these questions, and repeatedly stated that he was loyal to the Zhao family dynasty.

After Qin Huinan returned, the first "meeting gift" he gave to Zhao Gou was: If you want the world to be safe, you have to "return people from the south to the south, and people from the north to the north".The army and generals of the Southern Song Dynasty were mainly composed of people from Northwest, Hebei, and Shandong. If Qin Hui's idea of ​​"Northern people return to the North" was followed, it would be tantamount to dedicating all the northern land to the Jin Dynasty, and a large number of them were unwilling to surrender to the Jin Dynasty. And the northerners who went south had to go back to be ruled by the Jin people, which meant that the Southern Song Dynasty disarmed itself, indicating that they had given up force resistance to the Jin people.The second "meeting gift" that Qin Hui presented to Zhao Gou was that he first handed over a "Letter of Peace" written to the military nobles of the Jin Dynasty.Zhao Gou felt that Qin Hui's proposition was very suitable to his taste. He said to the ministers: "Qin Hui is more loyal than anyone else. With him, I am so happy that I can't sleep at night." He immediately appointed Qin Hui as Minister of Rites for three months. Later, he was promoted to be the deputy prime minister, and after half a year, Qin Hui climbed to the throne of prime minister.

After Qin Hui became the prime minister, he blatantly engaged in traitorous activities to seek peace.Because of the condemnation of many ministers in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou was under the pressure of public opinion and once dismissed Qin Hui from his position.Not long after, Qin Hui came back to power.At this time, the anti-golden struggle with the support of the people was victorious, which made Qin Hui panic.Because the Jin Dynasty was his backstage, once the Jin Dynasty was defeated, he would not be able to stand in the Southern Song Dynasty.Therefore, he instigated Zhao Gou to issue an order to order Yue Fei, who had already reached Zhuxian Town, to retreat from the front line.

In 1141 AD, in order to benefit his surrender and traitorous activities, Qin Hui secretly played Zhao Gou to lift Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun, and Yue Fei from military power.Later, under the operation of Qin Hui, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty reached the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement" of humiliation and surrender.Then, Qin Hui killed the famous anti-gold general Yue Fei, his son and his subordinates on the charge of "unnecessary" crimes unprecedented in ancient and modern times!As for Qin Hui's other evil deeds such as crowding out Zhongliang, framing ministers, and domineering, there are too many to write!

●The Southern Song Dynasty Jin Shaoxing peace talks
Song Gaozong Zhao Gou has been very afraid since he became the emperor that the military generals of the Anti-Japanese War faction have heavy troops in their hands, which is difficult to control.Therefore, Qin Hui took the opportunity to persuade Zhao Gou to remove the military power of Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun and others who advocated actively resisting the Jin Dynasty, and instead appointed them as privy envoys and deputy privy envoys (Yue Fei was the deputy envoy of the privy secretaries), so as to integrate them with their respective troops. Stripped away.Zhang Jun soon handed over his military power and expressed his support for the established national policy of proclaiming his ministers and peace talks with Jin, while Han Shizhong and Yue Fei became the public enemies of Zhao Gou and Qin Hui and other capitulation factions.Therefore, Zhao Gou announced the abolition of the Sanxuan Fusi, took back the military power of Han Shizhong and Yue Fei, and promoted Qin Hui to the left prime minister to show that the peace with Jin was unshakable.Afterwards, Yue Fei was dismissed from office in 1141 AD, and was sent to Dali Temple Prison with his eldest son Yue Yun and his general Zhang Xian for treason. Han Shizhong resigned after complaining about Yue Fei.

After the obstacle of surrender and negotiation was removed, under Qin Hui's active efforts, Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty quickly reached a peace agreement. This is the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement" (Shaoxing is Gaozong's year name) that established the relationship between the entire Southern Song Dynasty and Jin. The main content of the "Shaoxing peace agreement" is: to delineate the boundaries, the east is bounded by the middle flow of the Huaihe River, the west is bounded by Dasan Pass (southwest of Baoji, Shaanxi Province), the south belongs to the Song Dynasty, and the north belongs to the Jin Dynasty; Deng and two prefectures were all ceded to Jin; Song Dynasty paid 25 taels of silver and 25 pieces of silk to Jin every year, and moved them to Sizhou (now North Xuyi, Jiangsu) every spring for payment; the gold was returned to Song Huizong's coffin and Zhao Gou's biological mother Webster :wait.

●Xin Qiji entered the gold camp at night
Xin Qiji of the Song Dynasty was not only a famous writer in Chinese history, but also a famous anti-gold general in the Song Dynasty.

Xin Qiji was born in Jinan, Shandong Province in 1140 AD in a family of officials for generations. At that time, large tracts of land in Shandong and the north of the Song Dynasty had been trampled by the iron hooves of the Jin Dynasty for 12 years.Xin Qiji's father died early, and he was raised by his grandfather since he was a child.His grandfather took refuge in the Jin regime and became a small official, but Xin Qiji set up a lofty ambition to restore the Central Plains since he was a child.He not only studied poetry and books assiduously, but also devoted himself to practicing swordsmanship and martial arts.Later, he organized an anti-golden armed force of more than 2000 people in the mountainous area of ​​southern Jinan.At that time, anti-golden armed forces in the vast areas east of Tongguan and north of Huai River were established one after another, among which the Jinan farmer Geng Jing led the strongest.Geng Jing, based in Dongping Mansion in Shandong Province, has 25 horses and calls himself "Jiedu Envoy of Tianping Army".In order to strengthen the anti-gold forces, Xin Qiji led the team to belong to Geng Jing.At that time, Xin Qiji was already a well-known literati. He was highly regarded by Geng Jing and was appointed as the secretary.Unexpectedly, just after Xin Qiji was ordered by Geng Jing to go to the south of the Yangtze River to contact the Southern Song court, Geng Jing was killed by the traitor Zhang Anguo.Zhang Anguo tricked some of the troops into defecting to the Jinying camp.In order to uphold justice, punish traitors, and avenge Geng Jing, Xin Qiji and his companions decided to surprise Jinying at night and capture Zhang Anguo alive.

Xin Qiji picked 50 warriors, rode on fast horses and went straight to Jinying.It was already dark when they arrived at the Golden Camp. They tied their horses to a tree and entered the Golden Camp in the dark.After Xin Qiji found Zhang Anguo, he tied him up, stuffed a piece of cloth in his mouth, and threw him into a big bag.Then, tie the bag to a horse.At this time, their behavior was noticed by Jin Bing, and the enemy surrounded Zhang Anguo's tent from all directions. "Set fire!" Xin Qiji made a decisive decision and ordered his subordinates to set fire to Zhang Anguo's tent.Immediately, the fire took advantage of the wind to burn blazingly, and the flames soared into the sky, and the entire enemy camp was in chaos.Xin Qiji rode on the horse and shouted loudly: "Brothers! I am Xin Qiji! The traitor Zhang Anguo has been captured! In order to bring the mountains and rivers of the Central Plains to the sky again, and those who do not want to work for the Jinren, quickly follow me out of the encirclement!" He clamped his legs, and the horse galloped straight towards the enemy cluster like an arrow from the string.He swung the treasured sword swiftly, slashing left and right, and the enemies fell down one after another, screaming and screaming.Those who were lured by Zhang Anguo listened to Xin Qiji's words, gathered behind Xin Qiji's men and horses, and rushed out of the enemy camp together.After Xin Qiji and others broke out of the siege in two ways, Fang Ding's frightened golden soldiers gathered hundreds of elite cavalry, desperately chasing Xin Qiji and his party.Xin Qiji frightened off the pursuers by virtue of his courage, martial arts and wit, and then continued to gallop south day and night.In this way, he ran for two days and one night, hungry and thirsty, and finally crossed the Huaihe River and entered the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty.After a short rest, Zhang Anguo was escorted across the river and handed over to the court of the Southern Song Dynasty.

The court of the Southern Song Dynasty accepted the opinions of Xin Qiji and others, tied Zhang Anguo to the execution ground, and beheaded him with a knife in front of the crowd of people. He also hung the head of the traitor at the gate of the city, and ordered it to be displayed to the public.This year, Xin Qiji was only 23 years old, and his heroic spirit has been fully revealed!
Song Xiaozong was trapped in "filial piety"

Throughout the ages, whether it is an emperor, a general, or a trafficker; whether it is a high-ranking official or a commoner, they all emphasize the word filial piety!But like Song Xiaozong and Zhao Yu, who took the word "filial piety" to the extreme and were trapped in "filial piety", it is difficult to find a second one!Because of "filial piety", he gave up the Northern Expedition and negotiated peace with the Jin Dynasty: because of "filial piety", his ideal of regaining the rivers and mountains of the Song Dynasty was shattered?Zhao Yao is the adopted son of Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, and he is the descendant of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin.Zhao Gou has been in power for more than 30 years. He devoted himself to having fun, indulged the traitor Qin Hui in the dynasty, killed Yue Fei and his son unjustly, and paid tribute to Jin. The only thing he did right was to choose the right heir——Zhao Shen, Zhao Shen is One of the wisest and most capable emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Zhao Gou's only son died when he was 3 years old, and he lost his reproductive function; therefore, Zhao Gou's heir to the throne could only be selected from the clan. After the "Jingkang Disaster", more than 3000 members of the clan were looted by the Jinren, and for a while, it was impossible to choose a suitable candidate for the crown prince.Therefore, Zhao Gou had no choice but to expand the scope of selection, and chose a virtuous person to inherit the Datong from among the descendants of Taizu's "Bo" character.From Zhao Guangyi's accession to the throne to the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were more than 1000 descendants of Taizu scattered among the people.

In 1132 AD, after careful investigation, 10 children under the age of 7 entered the candidate list. Zhao Gou chose Zhao Bocong and Zhao Bojiu to be raised by two concubines respectively.The two children were educated in the palace, they were learned and memorized, and they were endowed with special talents. When they grew up, they were named county kings successively.In order to confirm the final candidate for the crown prince, Zhao Gou rewarded 2 of them with 10 beautiful court ladies.A month later, Zhao Gou recalled these maids, and made people examine them one by one.The maids given to Zhao Bocong were all intact, but the maids given to Zhao Bojiu were no longer virgins.Although Zhao Gou did not tell others about the matter, he had already made a decision in his heart.

In 1160 A.D., Zhao Gou issued an edict to make Zhao Bocong the prince, changed his name to Zhao Wei, granted the Ning Guojun Jiedu envoy, Kaifu Yitong three divisions, and named him King Jian.Two years later, Zhao Gou officially canonized Zhao Bocong as the crown prince, named Shen and styled Yuanyong.

In 1162 A.D., Zhao Gou issued an edict: "The crown prince can be the emperor. Together, he is called Taishang Emperor, and he retreats to Deoksugung Palace. The empress is called Taishang Empress." It was Song Xiaozong, and the Datong of the Song Dynasty returned to the line of Song Taizu.

When performing the ceremony of inner meditation, Zhao Shen repeatedly avoided it.He came to the Zichen Palace in court clothes to accept the congratulations from the officials, but he stood sideways with his hands folded and refused to sit on the throne.It was not until the ministers persuaded him again and again that he reluctantly sat down, but he still couldn't help but said sadly: "The order of the emperor is out of arbitrariness. However, such a heavy burden, I am afraid it is difficult to bear." Send Zhao Gou back to Deoksugung Palace and refuse to stop until the gate of the palace.After Zhao Gou repeatedly declined, Zhao Shencai asked his attendants to help him back to the bedroom.Zhao Gou was very moved by this situation, and sighed to himself repeatedly: "I have no regrets if I entrust it to someone."

Although Zhao Shen succeeded to the throne, he was always grateful to the adoptive father who chose him, and always tried his best to obey his wishes.At first, Zhao Shen went to Deoksugung Palace to pay his respects to Zhao Gou four times a month. Later, Zhao Gou suggested that he should pay attention to state affairs and not need to visit frequently, so he changed the number of times to pay his respects to twice a month.Zhao Shen was afraid that Zhao Gou would live in the deep palace for a long time and feel lonely, so he always respectfully invite Zhao Gou to accompany him every time he travels.Opening "History of the Song Dynasty: The Chronicle of Xiaozong", you can see the following words from time to time: "From the Supreme Emperor and the Supreme Empress to the Four Sacred Views", "From the Supreme Emperor and the Supreme Empress to the East Garden", a piece of filial piety is vividly on the paper.

Whenever Zhao Gou's birthday was approaching, Zhao Yao personally summoned the ceremony officials to discuss with them the ceremonies, ceremonies and birthday celebrations for birthday celebrations.On the day of the birthday, a banquet was held in the palace for all the officials, and all the officials were ordered to go to Deoksugung Palace to celebrate the birthday.Every time, Zhao Shen would send congratulatory gifts.In addition, in order to express his gratitude, Zhao Shen added the titles of the Supreme Emperor and the Supreme Empress four times, and ordered someone to write "The Holy Policy of the Supreme Emperor" to praise Gaozong's great achievements.

After Zhao Shen came to the throne, unlike Zhao Gou who was greedy for comfort, he was young and vigorous, and determined to recover the Central Plains and the rivers and mountains.He restored the posthumous title of "Wu Mu" to the famous general Yue Fei, made Yue Fei the Duke of E, dismissed a group of Qin Hui's followers, and clearly expressed his stand for war and anti-peace.But his position conflicted with Zhao Gou's and he was oppressed.

Although Zhao Gou has been living in Deoksugung Palace and ignoring the government, his consistent thinking of seeking peace has not changed at all.Zhao Shen's filial piety to him has become the weight of the peace faction.

On the one hand, Zhao Gou contained Zhao Shen's Northern Expedition, and on the other hand, he strongly urged him to reach a peace agreement and maintain the status quo of partial security.Once, Zhao Shen went to Deoksugung Palace to visit Zhao Go, and talked about the anti-gold plan with great interest. Zhao Gou interrupted him roughly and said: "After I'm a hundred years old, it's not too late for you to talk about it." !" According to Zhao Gou's logic, Zhao Shen's objection to peace talks is tantamount to opposing the established national policy when he was in power, which is unfilial.Therefore, "filial piety" has become a curse that restrains Zhao Shen's grand ambitions.In the contest between Zhao Gou and Zhao Shen, Zhao Gou gained the upper hand, and Zhao Shen's foreign policy was always trapped in "filial piety".But in terms of internal politics, Zhao Shen is indeed capable of governing the country.He punished corrupt officials, rectified the administration of officials, frequently replaced ministers, and concentrated imperial power; he developed agriculture, and the grain was plentiful.

Later, Zhao Gou was seriously ill, and Zhao Shen visited Deoksugung Palace many times.Not only that, in order to pray for Zhao Gou, Zhao Shen amnesty the world, and sent a group of officials to the ancestral temple and the country to offer sacrifices.Later, he simply did not go to the court, and concentrated on taking care of Zhao Gou. When encountering major affairs in the court, the prime minister reported to the inner hall.

In 1187 AD, Zhao Gou died of illness. Zhao Shenzhao told his ministers to keep filial piety for Zhao Gou according to the practice of replacing the day with the moon, while he insisted on keeping the filial piety for three years.Later, under the repeated requests of all officials, Zhao Shen reluctantly listened to the government, but began to let the prince Zhao Dun participate in political affairs.

In 1189 A.D., Zhao Shen officially abdicated in Zhao Mourning, and he himself became the Supreme Emperor, living in Chonghua Hall, continuing to mourn for Zhao Gou.Throughout Zhao Shen's life, if he hadn't been too obsessed with "filial piety", the history of the Song Dynasty would have been rewritten with his wisdom and virtuousness.

●Song Guangzong Shaoxi Inner Zen
In 1189 AD, Zhao Shenchan was located in Prince Zhao Mourning, who was Emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty.After Zhao Dun came to the throne, he was changed to Yuan Shaoxi in the second year.Zhao Dun reigned for 5 years, Empress Li manipulated the government, and eunuchs and powerful ministers took the opportunity to steal power, so the politics was very dark.

In 1194 AD, the Supreme Emperor Zhao Shen was critically ill.On the ninth day of June, Zhao Shen passed away.During this period, Zhao Dun never went to Chonghua Palace to inquire about illnesses, nor did he attend funerals, and there were many discussions about this matter in the court.Shangshu Zuoxuanlang official Ye Shi suggested to Prime Minister Zuo Liuzheng that the prince Jia Wang Zhao Kuo should be appointed as the supervisor of the country, in order to explain the suspicion of the people of the country towards the court.Liu Zheng then made this suggestion to Zhao Dun, and Zhao Dun expressed his desire to abdicate.Zhao Ruyu, a member of the Privy Council, advocated giving the throne to Zhao Kuo, but Liu Zheng thought that the Jianchu edict had not been issued and talked about it, and it would be difficult to get along with him in the future, so he said he was sick and left.Zhao Ruyu had no choice but to ask the Empress Dowager for instructions on the meaning of inner Zen through Han Youzhou, a member of Zhigemen.The next day, Zhao Ruyu asked Zhao Kuo to be the crown prince, and said that Zhao Dun "wanted to retire", so the empress dowager agreed.On the fifth day of July, the Empress Dowager ordered Zhao Ruyu to order Zhao Kuo to ascend the throne. He resolutely refused, and was forced to wear a yellow robe and was established as emperor, Song Ningzong.Zhao Kuo's queen Han's father is Han Tongqing, who is the elder brother of Han Jianwei.Zhao Dun was revered as the Supreme Emperor, and Empress Li was revered as the Empress Dowager, and her power was only weakened at this time.In history, this event was called Song Guangzong's inner Zen, also known as "Shaoxi inner Zen".

##No.20 A Series of Civilizations in Years of War

●Emperor and "Taiping Yulan"

In the early years of Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi's accession to the throne, there were only more than 8 volumes in the National History Museum in the national collection.Therefore, Zhao Guangyi issued an order to reward those who donated books to the country.Therefore, the national collection of books increased to 978 volumes at once, and these books were collected in the Shiguan library, Zhaowen library and Jixian library.As early as the Liang Dynasty, these three bookstores had already been established.After Zhao Guangyi came to the throne, he went to inspect and found that the house was dilapidated, so he ordered it to be rebuilt.In 6 AD, the reconstruction project was completed, and the emperor named it Chongwen Academy.There are six libraries in the courtyard, including Zhaowen library, Jixian library and Shiguan library, with an unprecedented scale.One year before the completion of the new museum, Zhao Guangyi issued an edict to use the books collected in the museum to edit "Taiping Overview", "Taiping Guangji" and the collection of poems and essays "Wenyuan Essence".

Most of the excerpts in "Taiping Overview" are the words of classics and history.The book preserves many ancient books and has important historical value.This book took 6 years to compile.After the book was completed, Zhao Guangyi said to Prime Minister Song Qi: "From today on, send me three volumes of "Taiping Overview" every day, and I will read it myself." , is naturally a good thing, but reading 3 volumes a day is not too much, don’t wear yourself out.” Zhao Guangyi replied: “I like reading very much, and I often get a lot of fun from books. It will be beneficial, and I don't think it's bothering me. The ancients said: "Walking thousands of miles, reading thousands of books." Although I can't travel thousands of miles, it is not difficult to read thousands of books. Anyone who likes to read will always His pleasure in reading lies; if he doesn't like reading, even if he presses his neck, he won't be able to read it." All the ministers listened with great admiration.After that, Zhao Guangyi really read 3 volumes every day without interruption.Sometimes he was delayed due to busy state affairs, and he had to take time to make up for it, and often said to people around him: "As long as you open the book, there will always be benefits." Zhao Guangyi read all of such a great work within a year, and then renamed it. It is "Taiping Yulan".

●Sima Guang single-mindedly wrote history

Sima Guang, courtesy name Junshi, was a famous historian in the Northern Song Dynasty.In 1019 AD, he was born in a family of officials in Xia County, Shanzhou (now Shanxi).He has received a good education since he was a child and is very smart. When he was 7 years old, he began to concentrate on studying, and he worked very hard. No matter in the severe cold season of March [-]th or the sweltering heat of midsummer, he still read and wrote.When people saw him, they all said that the child would be very successful in the future.

(End of this chapter)