China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 72

The first one to arrive was Zhang Chunqiao. He came excitedly with his documents in his arms, and when he entered the door, the guards with him were left outside the door, which made him feel a little wrong.When he entered the room, Ye Jianying sat down with his lapels straight, his eyes stern. Hua Guofeng stood up and solemnly announced to him: You have committed an unforgivable crime.Zhang Chunqiao's legs trembled, he only touched his glasses with his hands, and he was taken away by the guards without any resistance.

Then came Wang Hongwen. Wang Hongwen stepped into the door arrogantly. A person in charge of the operation team walked in with several guards. Wang Hongwen saw that the momentum was wrong and shouted sharply: "I'm here for a meeting. What are you going to do?" He tried his best, punched and kicked, but was quickly taken to the main hall with his hands twisted.When he saw Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying sitting there, he had a premonition that the end was coming, and when he was taken away, he sighed helplessly: "I didn't expect it to be so soon!" It was too late to regret.

Yao Wenyuan arrived late at 8:15.His treatment was downgraded, he was not allowed to enter the main hall, and he was only on standby in the large lounge on the east corridor.Hua Guofeng did not appear in person, but was announced by a deputy section chief of the Central Security Bureau.After Yao Wenyuan figured out what was going on, Yao Wenyuan's legs felt weak, he was pulled up by several guards, and he was taken away staggeringly.

While Huairentang was in full swing, another team came to No. 201, Wanzilang, Zhongnanhai. This task was carried out by Zhang Yaoci, head of the Central Guard Corps. When he finished announcing the order, Jiang Qing remained seated without saying a word On the sofa, eyes glaring.She sat on the sofa for a while, then slowly stood up, took the key from her waist, sealed it into a kraft paper envelope, wrote the seven words "From Comrade Hua Guofeng" in pencil, and handed it to Zhang Yao. temple.After that, she was escorted into the special car she usually takes.

The Party Central Committee headed by Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying defeated the "Gang of Four" without firing a single shot or shedding a drop of blood.From the next day, the minions of the "Gang of Four" in various places were also quarantined and inspected one after another. The "Gang of Four" group came to an end on this day, and the destruction of the "Gang of Four" group announced the end of the "Cultural Revolution".

●The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

From December 1978 to 12, 18, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing.22 members of the Central Committee and 169 alternate members of the Central Committee attended the meeting. The heads of relevant local and central departments attended the meeting.The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee re-determined the ideological line and political line of the party's Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought system, criticized the erroneous policy of "two whatevers", and established the principles of emancipating the mind, using the brain, seeking truth from facts, and looking forward in solidarity. Guidelines, decisively decided to stop using the slogan "class struggle as the key link".

The plenary session made a strategic decision to shift the focus of the work of the whole party to socialist modernization.The plenary session put forward the request to pay attention to solving the serious imbalance of major proportions of the national economy, formulated a decision on accelerating agricultural development, and agreed to combine the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Issues Concerning Accelerating Agricultural Development (Draft)" and the "Regulations on the Work of Rural People's Commune ( Trial Draft)" was distributed to various places for discussion and trial implementation.The plenary meeting discussed and agreed in principle to the national economic plan arrangement for 1979-1980, and proposed revisions to be submitted to the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress for discussion and approval.The plenary session pointed out that the economic management system has serious shortcomings of over-centralization of power and must be reformed.We should resolutely act in accordance with economic laws and attach importance to the role of value laws.The plenary session also put forward the tasks of improving socialist democracy and strengthening the socialist legal system.

The plenary session re-established the organizational line of the Marxist-Leninist Mao Zedong Thought system, seriously discussed some major political events that occurred during the "Cultural Revolution" and some issues left over from history, and decided to revoke the central government's "counterattack against the Rightist style of reversing verdicts" and "Tiananmen Square". Incident", correct the wrong conclusions made in the past about Peng Dehuai, Tao Zhu, Bo Yibo, Yang Shangkun, etc., and vindicate the "61 Traitor Group".

The plenary session added Chen Yun as vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee, and added Deng Yingchao, Hu Yaobang, and Wang Zhen as members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. The plenary session took into account the actual changes in the party's life since the No. 11 National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the current situation of the party's work. In urgent need, it was decided to take temporary measures to add Huang Kecheng, Song Renqiong, Hu Qiaomu, Xi Zhongxun, Wang Renzhong, Huang Huoqing, Chen Zaidao, Han Guang, and Zhou Hui as members of the Central Committee, which will be submitted to the [-]th National Congress of the Communist Party of China for ratification.The plenary session also elected the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection with Chen Yun as the first secretary.

●The Antarctic scientific research station was established
Antarctica covers an area of ​​about 1400 million square kilometers, accounting for about 9.4% of the world's land area, larger than Europe and Oceania, ranking fifth among all continents, and it is also the continent with the highest geographical latitude.The average altitude of Antarctica is 2350 meters, which is the continent with the highest average altitude among all continents in the world.Almost the entire continent is covered by a very thick ice layer, with an average thickness of more than 1700 meters, and some places are even as thick as 4000 meters. The total ice volume is estimated to reach 3000 million cubic kilometers.90% of the world's ice and 90% of fresh water are concentrated here.It is estimated that if all the Antarctic ice is melted, the sea level of the world will rise by 50-70 meters.Therefore, it enjoys the reputation of "Ice and Snow Continent".Most of Antarctica is within the Antarctic Circle. It is surrounded by the vast ocean composed of the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It is quite far away from other continents, and the nearest South America is also nearly 1000 kilometers away.

The terrain under the ice in Antarctica is divided into two parts. Between the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea, there is a lowland below sea level. It is surrounded by raised plateaus to the east and a series of folded mountains to the west.Due to the high latitude and high terrain, the huge ice sheet reflects almost all the sunlight back like a mirror.Therefore, the climate in Antarctica is extremely cold.The average temperature in winter (November to March) is . ℃, in summer (April to October) as low as -11℃~-3℃, and the lowest temperature was as low as -4℃.It is known as "the world's coldest pole".The extremely cold climate makes the Antarctic continent a powerful high-pressure area, which often produces a strong polar easterly wind (also called off-land wind) in a counterclockwise direction from the center of the continent to the edge, with a maximum wind speed of more than 10 meters per second.It is the windiest and windiest area in the world.Like the North Pole, Antarctica also has polar day and polar night changes, but the timing is reversed.The polar day is the best season for scientific expeditions to Antarctica.

Although the climate in Antarctica is harsh, it is rich in natural resources. There are a large number of mineral deposits, such as coal, oil, natural gas, platinum, uranium, iron, manganese, copper, nickel, diamond, lead, chromium, and zinc. , gold, aluminum, graphite, silver and diamond etc.Among them, coal and iron resources are the most abundant.The ocean around the Antarctic continent is rich in cetaceans, seals, penguins, etc. It is the area with the largest number of whales in the world.The oceans around the Antarctic continent are also rich in krill, which is the organism with the highest protein content that humans have discovered, and its reproduction is extremely determined.There are few plants in Antarctica, only lower plants such as mosses and lichens.

On November 1984, 11, China's first scientific expedition team set off to Antarctica. On December 20, 1984, the foundation stone laying ceremony of China's Antarctic Great Wall Scientific Research Station was held on the Fildes Peninsula on George Island. The cornerstone brought from the motherland was erected there, and the first five-star red flag was hoisted on George Island.

●Gorbachev's visit to China
On May 1989, 5, Gorbachev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, visited China.During the visit, State President Yang Shangkun and other state leaders met with Gorbachev, and the two sides agreed to normalize Sino-Soviet relations.During the meeting, Deng Xiaoping said that this meeting can be summed up in eight words "end the past and open up the future", and proposed that the relationship between the two parties of China and the Soviet Union should be based on the four principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect, and mutual non-interference in internal affairs.Premier Li Peng of the State Council held talks with Gorbachev.

On May 5, the Sino-Soviet Joint Communiqué was published in Beijing.The leaders of China and the Soviet Union agreed that the high-level meeting between China and the Soviet Union is in line with the interests and wishes of the people of the two countries and will help maintain world peace and stability.The normalization of Sino-Soviet relations does not target third countries and does not harm the interests of third parties.The two sides agreed to take measures to reduce the military forces in the Sino-Soviet border areas to the lowest level compatible with the normal good-neighborly relations between the two countries.The two sides stand for a fair and reasonable solution to the border issues left over from history.The Chinese side reiterated that it pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and insists on not forming an alliance with any country.The two sides agreed that the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union will conduct contacts and exchanges in accordance with the four principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect, and mutual non-interference in internal affairs. On May 18, Gorbachev concluded his visit to China, left Beijing, and returned to the Soviet Union.

●The Three Gorges Project crosses the century
For a long time, the Yangtze River Basin has often flooded, causing great disasters to the lives of the surrounding people.If a dam can be built in the Three Gorges area, more than 90% of the flood can be controlled, and the social and economic benefits brought about by it, such as flood control, power generation, and shipping, will directly benefit the people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.As early as the beginning of the 20th century, Mr. Sun Yat-sen put forward the idea of ​​building the Three Gorges Project to strengthen the country and enrich the people.After the founding of New China, Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and other party and state leaders always attached importance to the study of the Three Gorges issue and visited the Three Gorges area in person.With the deepening of reform and opening up, people's calls for the construction of the Three Gorges Project are getting louder and louder.

On December 1994, 12, after more than ten years of demonstration and research on the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project on the Yangtze River (referred to as the Three Gorges Project), the relevant departments officially started construction of the Three Gorges Project. On November 14, 1997, the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River, which attracted worldwide attention, successfully completed the closure of the river. In 11 plus 8 years, the three goals of water storage of 2 meters, trial navigation of the ship lock, and power generation of the first batch of units have been achieved. In 3, the left bank power station was fully put into operation one year ahead of schedule. In 135, the Right Bank Hydropower Station was put into full operation one year ahead of schedule, the Three Gorges Reservoir was tentatively filled with 2005 meters of water, and the main part of the Three Gorges Project was basically completed.

The Three Gorges Project is the largest water conservancy project in the world today.It has broken many records in the construction of water conservancy projects in the world: the total installed capacity of the hydropower station is 1820 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation capacity is 846.8 billion kwh, making it the largest power station in the world; the maximum flood discharge capacity of the flood gate is 10.25 cubic meters per second, which is the largest flood discharge capacity in the world The flood gates; the dynamic resettlement of the reservoir can eventually reach more than 110 million people, which is the construction project with the largest number of reservoir resettlement in the world.

The geographical location of the Three Gorges Project is very superior, with the Southwest Economic Zone rich in products on the top, and the Central China and East China Economic Zones with economic prosperity below.The Three Gorges Project is of great significance to the economic development of the entire Yangtze River Basin.It can control floods in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, reduce or avoid flood disasters in the vast areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; its power transmission range reaches 1000 kilometers, from Shijiazhuang in the north, Shanghai in the east, Guangzhou in the south, and Chengdu in the west. Electricity, promoting the economic development of these areas.The Three Gorges Project has also significantly improved the channel conditions between Yichang and Chongqing, and the [-]-ton fleet can reach Chongqing directly.Today, the Three Gorges has become a veritable "Golden Waterway of the Yangtze River".

The Three Gorges Project has many comprehensive benefits such as flood control, power generation, shipping, and environmental protection, and has an irreplaceable role in the coordinated development of the Yangtze River Basin and even the whole country's economy and society.

●Establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
At 1997:7 on July 1, [-], China and Britain held the handover ceremony of the Hong Kong government as scheduled at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center.At the ceremony, Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China, solemnly announced: "China resumes the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong! The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is officially established!" The bright five-star red flag of the Chinese national flag and the Bauhinia flag, the regional flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, were played amidst the majestic national anthem Rising slowly, the five continents and the four seas attract the attention of the world, and the land of China is full of joy.After a century of vicissitudes, Hong Kong has finally returned to the embrace of the motherland, and the national humiliation has finally been wiped out.The establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China marks a step forward in the great cause of the reunification of the great motherland.

●Establishment of Macao SAR
At 1999:12 on the night of December 19, 23, the handover ceremony of Macao's political power began grandly in the newly completed Garden Pavilion of the Macao Cultural Center, and Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China, delivered an important speech. At 42:1999 on December 12, 20, amidst the majestic national anthem, the national flag of the People's Republic of China and the regional flag of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China were solemnly raised in Macao.Amid thunderous applause, Jiang Zemin announced that the Chinese government will resume its exercise of sovereignty over Macau.Since then, Macao has returned to the embrace of the motherland, and the great Chinese people have taken another important step in the great cause of reunification of the motherland.The Central People's Government and people of the People's Republic of China have the confidence and ability to resolve the Taiwan issue at an early date and realize the complete reunification of China.

In the early morning of the same day, the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and the swearing-in ceremony of the Special Administrative Region Government were grandly held at the Macao Arena.With this as a sign, the basic policy of "one country, two systems" and "Macao people governing Macao" with a high degree of autonomy has been officially implemented in Macao, and Macao has entered a new era of development.On the morning of the same day, the celebration meeting for the establishment of the Macau Special Administrative Region was held in Macau, and Jiang Zemin delivered an important speech.On the afternoon of the same day, the State Council of the People's Republic of China held a grand reception to celebrate Macao's return to the motherland in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, and Premier Zhu Rongji of the State Council of the People's Republic of China delivered an important speech.That night, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and the Central Military Commission solemnly held the "Conference of Celebrating Macao's Return to the Motherland from All walks of life in the capital" at the Capital Gymnasium. Jiang Zemin delivered an important speech.

●Western development started

新世纪的第一道曙光在2000年1月1日6时46分首先照耀到浙江古镇石塘，但新世纪的焦点却是西部大开发。2000年，中国西部大开发战略正式启动，这一人类历史上规模最大、难度最大的开发战略从此拉开了序幕。

The implementation of the western development strategy and the strategy of strengthening the development of the central and western regions are major decisions made by the Party Central Committee for my country's cross-century development.The scope of western development includes Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Chongqing 12 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, with a land area of ​​685 million square meters km, accounting for 71.4% of the country's land area; the total population is about 3.56 million, accounting for 28.6% of the country's total population.The western region is rich in resources, with great market potential and an important strategic location.However, due to natural, historical, social and other reasons, the economic development of the western region is relatively backward. The per capita GDP is only equivalent to 60% of the national average and less than 40% of the average level of the eastern region. There are more than 3000 million poor people who have not yet achieved food and clothing. Most of the population lives in this area.At the same time, the ecological environment in the western region is very fragile. The area of ​​soil erosion accounts for more than 80% of the country's total, and the newly added desertification area accounts for more than 90% of the country's annual increase.

Since 2000, substantial progress has been made in the development of the western region, and the "Ten Major Projects" have been started: Ningxi Railway, Yuhuai Railway, Western Highway Construction, Western Airport Construction, Chongqing Light Rail, Sebei-Xining-Lanzhou Gas Pipeline Projects, 30 tons of potash fertilizer project in Qinghai, returning farmland to forests and grasslands in the west, infrastructure construction in colleges and universities in the west, and Zipingpu water conservancy project in Sichuan.

In June 2001, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, a strategic landmark project for the development of the western region, started construction.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs through the two provinces of Qinghai and Tibet and has become a strategically significant channel connecting Tibet, Qinghai and the mainland, and is also an important part of the road network skeleton in the western hinterland.

The West-to-East Gas Pipeline is also a landmark project of the Western Development.It takes Tarim, Xinjiang as the main source of gas, and the Yangtze River Delta as the target market. The pipeline passes through 10 provinces (regions) and cities in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai, with a total length of 4000 kilometers m, the maximum gas supply is 200 billion cubic meters per year.The West-East Gas Pipeline Project officially started on July 2002, 7. On December 4, 2004, the Kela 12 gas field, the largest integrated gas field in my country, supplied gas to the West-East Gas Pipeline. On December 1, the West-East Gas Pipeline was completed and officially put into operation. On August 2, 12, the natural gas from the Tarim Oilfield was supplied to Beijing through the Shaanxi-Beijing Second Line while supplying the eastern coastal areas.

Since the implementation of the Western Development Initiative, the state has continued to increase investment, and a number of landmark projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, West-East Gas Transmission, West-East Electricity Transmission, and Water Conservancy Projects have been completed and have begun to produce benefits.The connection between the western region and the eastern region has been strengthened, the strategic position of the western region in my country's national economic development has been enhanced, and the vast western region has obtained unprecedented development opportunities.

●China's entry into the WTO
(End of this chapter)