Mao Zedong's Reading Experience: Mao Zedong's Reading of the Three Kingdoms

Chapter 2 Studying (2)
At this time, scouts came to report: "Two groups of enemy troops are approaching here at a normal speed from the east and the west. It is only fifteen miles away from here." Upon hearing this, Ren Bishi quickly ordered the troops to enter the position and prepare for cover The head of the central government broke through.Mao Zedong heard it clearly in the cave, and stopped and said: "Wait a minute." Ren Bishi said: "Comrade Li Desheng, I have to be responsible for your safety." Mao Zedong emphasized again: "You didn't listen to what the scouts said just now, the enemy's Is the march going at a normal speed? It doesn't look like we have been spotted. This village is small, and the enemy would not expect us to live here. Besides, the radio has not been connected, and our whereabouts have not been exposed, so we should stay hidden. "

The staff quickly conveyed Mao Zedong's order.Suddenly, Tianci Bay was silent.From the outside, this is a small deserted village with no one inhabited.Mao Zedong didn't have enough time to hide for a meal, and a group of Hu Zongnan's army from the east entered the village.Outside, the sound of enemies talking and walking could be heard.Only one voice said: "Company Commander, I'll go in and search to see if there is any communist army." Another voice came over: "There is no ghost in this small village, so what are you doing searching for it? You made a fortune by searching Qiancun , there is no fortune here."

After a while, the sound gradually faded away. Ren Bishi was about to order the alarm to be disarmed when suddenly there was a gunshot outside. Ren Bishi was in no hurry and immediately went to the cave where Mao Zedong lived, intending to mobilize Mao Zedong to evacuate.

Ren Bishi entered the cave dwelling and was stunned by the scene in front of him.I saw Mao Zedong holding a copy of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and reading it intently. "Comrade Li Desheng, the enemy is coming!" Mao Zedong said, "Shi Lin (that is, Ren Bishi), if the enemy comes up the mountain, we will leave immediately. If the enemy passes along the ditch, we will stay. I guess the enemy has not found us."

Ren Bishi was mobilizing Mao Zedong to evacuate, and the scouts came to report: "A group of Hu troops from the west fired a burst of guns below, and then turned back. They walked along the ravine and chased farther and farther southwest."

Only then did the Front Committee of the Central Committee and Mao Zedong get out of the dangerous situation and saved themselves from danger under the eyes of the enemy.People marveled at Mao Zedong's ingenious calculations and his ability to command in times of crisis.Ren Bishi was relieved with a heavy heart.Even in a very dangerous situation, Mao Zedong still read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". The story of fighting wits and courage in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" always reminded him to overcome difficulties and strengthen his confidence.

I love reading "Three Kingdoms" annotated by Pei Songzhi

The "great benefit" of Pei Songzhi's annotation of "Three Kingdoms" is "the collection of a large amount of historical data in a long essay, which makes readers feel like reading it."

Mao Zedong especially loved reading "Three Kingdoms" annotated by Pei Songzhi.In "Book of the Later Han Emperor Guangwu", he wrote a long note:

Hello Li Xian.Hi Liu Tun.Li Xianxian is very far away from Master Yan, there is no doubt about it.Pei Songzhi's commentary on the Three Kingdoms has great benefits, and is somewhat similar to Li Xian's, and he collects a large amount of historical materials in his long-winded essays, which makes readers feel like reading.Blue comes from blue and is better than blue. What is this called?For example, accumulating salary to catch up from behind.Zhang Taiyan said: To read the Three Kingdoms, you must read Pei Songzhi's annotations, the hero's big eyes, isn't it natural?
Li Xian was the son of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, known as Prince Zhang Huai. He once summoned Confucian scholars such as Zhang Da'an, a scholar at that time, to annotate "Book of the Later Han Dynasty".Liu Tun was a historian in the Northern Song Dynasty. He assisted Sima Guang in compiling "Zizhi Tongjian" and edited the history of the Han Dynasty full-time.Yan Shigu was an exegesis scholar in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote "Hanshu Notes", which focused on textual research and has been proved by many.Judging from Mao Zedong's comments on these three historians, he paid more attention to the rich and detailed historical materials when reading history. "Three Kingdoms" was originally written by Chen Shou in the Western Jin Dynasty, with about 20 characters.Pei Songzhi was a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. His annotations for "Three Kingdoms" collected newly discovered historical materials for more than 130 years after the Western Jin Dynasty. 55 times, citing about 2 kinds of bibliography, also made a great contribution to the preservation of historical materials for later generations.Mao Zedong loved reading "Three Kingdoms" annotated by Pei Songzhi very much, and there are many circle annotations in this book.He praised the "great benefit" of Pei Songzhi's annotation of "Three Kingdoms", which is "the collection of a large amount of historical materials in a long essay, which makes readers feel like reading it".

Although Mao Zedong had no historical monographs published during his lifetime, there are many discussions on history in his other works, especially the annotations on "Three Kingdoms", which have more unique insights, which he left to future generations A valuable spiritual wealth.

70 years of "Three Kingdoms fans"

Watching more will make you smarter, know more about society, and enhance your ability to analyze things.

Since "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" came out 600 years ago, no one has read this novel like Mao Zedong for a lifetime, and it has become more and more firm over time; it is enthusiastically recommended and vigorously popularized; there are many comments and witty words; it is flexible and comprehensive!

Mao Zedong was more than 70 years old when he passed away, and he had read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" for more than 1976 years.Study in private schools in the countryside, in town schools, on Jinggang Mountain, in the Central Soviet Area, on the Long March Road, in Yan’an caves, on the way to war, in Xibaipo folk houses, in Shuangqing villas in Beiping, in Zhongnanhai Read it in the study, read it on the inspection train, read it by yourself when you are in good health, and ask someone to read it when you are suffering from eye diseases.A "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" accompanied him all his life until the end of his life.Until January 1, he was still talking about Cao Cao's self-taught in an admiring tone. He said, "The real ability is not learned in school. Confucius never went to college. There are also Qin Shihuang, Liu Bang, Emperor Wu of Han, Cao Cao, Zhu Yuanzhang never went to college."

Reading "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" lasted for a long time, and the scope of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was wide-ranging, and none was better than Mao Zedong.Mao Zedong's 120 chapters of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" almost returned to the point when he interpreted and commented; from the Yellow Turban Uprising to the return of the Three Kingdoms to Jin, all major events were within his commentary field of vision; there were 30 people who commented on the characters of the Three Kingdoms.Cao Cao, Guo Jia, Xia Houyuan, Xu Chu, Liu Ye, Jiang Gan, and Hua Tuo of the Cao Wei Group; Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Huang Zhong, Liao Hua, and Liu Chan of the Liu Shu Group; Sun Quan and Zhou Yu of the Sun Wu Group , Lu Meng, Lu Xun, Huang Gai, Lu Su, and Zhang Zhao; Sima Yi, Sima Shi, and Sima Zhao of the Sima Group; the separatist warlords and their staff Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao, and Zhang Song at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty... Almost all the political factions of the Three Kingdoms The main figure of the power.As for the comments on Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Zhuge Liang, there were as many as ten or even dozens of comments.

In his later years, Mao Zedong's strong love for the Three Kingdoms remained undiminished. In the first half of 1973 alone, Mao Zedong twice (March 3 and May 9) asked his staff Xin Zhong to buy two latest versions of "Three Kingdoms" in Chinese bookstores. Romance" to study.In the study by the swimming pool in Zhongnanhai, there are still two large-print thread-bound "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": one is the Shanghai Hanfenlou version, the full name is "Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms"; the other is the People's Literature Publishing House in 5 "Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms" published by photocopying in February.These two thread-bound large-character books were loved by the elderly Mao Zedong for 26 minutes, and he often read them with great interest.

Mao Zedong read "Three Kingdoms" and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", and he read it very seriously, not just because he read it repeatedly and made annotations.More importantly, through reading, he extracted the essence, used it to educate comrades in the party and the staff around him, and learned historical knowledge and lessons.He once said to the guards that books like "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are rich in knowledge. They reflect social conditions, history, customs, and characters in them. You should read more! Read more, you will be smart, yes The society understands better, and it will also increase its ability to analyze things."

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Mao Zedong first read it as a military book.

The book describes a large number of thrilling battles that have been handed down through the ages, such as the Battle of Chibi, Going to the Maicheng, Borrowing Arrows from Straw Boats, and Empty City Strategies. There is a lot to learn from fighting and responding, responding to capture and responding.

When Mao Zedong interpreted "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he said:
"When reading this book, you must not only read wars and diplomacy, but also organizations." Mao Zedong regarded "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as a powerful weapon for understanding society, and absorbed its wisdom and strategies from various fields, striving to serve the real struggle.Great people love strange books, strange books meet great people, and one after another intriguing modern version of "Three Kingdoms" stories are deduced in their lives.

Watch "Missing Cut"

Mao Zedong watched and hummed "Empty City Strategies" again, showing a confident and heroic spirit.

In March 1949, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Party was held in Xibaipo.The three major battles have ended, and the Chinese people are facing a great situation that the whole country will be liberated soon.During the meeting, the Huabei Theater Troupe headed by Li Hezeng came to Xibaipo to perform condolence performances for the delegates and the heads of the Central Committee.The finale of the performance that day was "Lost in the Sky" (composed of three interrelated excerpts: "Lost Street Pavilion", "Empty City Plan" and "Slaying the Horse Su").When he was in Yan'an that year, Mao Zedong watched this play many times.In the days of intense decisive battles, Mao Zedong often recited Zhuge Liang's line in "Empty City Strategies": "Sima Yi's army is coming so fast!"This time, on the eve of the victory of the Chinese revolution in the whole country, Mao Zedong was able to enjoy this play calmly, what a joy!The feeling of appreciation is more focused on art.To Zhou Enlai, who watched the play together, he gave people a feeling of strength and struggle after watching this play!He also said that he especially likes the singing of the Gao School (Qingkui), because the singing voice of the Gao School is impassioned and passionate.He also praised Li Hezeng, the actor who played Zhuge Liang, for his good singing and chic performance.After watching the play, he hummed Zhuge Liang's aria all the way, still immersed in the drama.He made an agreement with the guards around him to come to the theater again tomorrow night.

On the eve of the victory in the decisive battle, Mao Zedong watched "Empty City Strategy" again, showing a confident and heroic spirit.Communicating with the characters in the "Three Kingdoms" story achieved spiritual resonance.

Why is his surname Zhuge?
"The ancestors of Kongming called themselves Zhuge because their ancestors came from Zhucheng, so as to be different from the local Ge surname. The descendants followed each other and took the surname Zhuge."

At the end of 1951, Mao Zedong traveled south along the Jinan-Puzhou Railway for inspection. When he arrived in Jinan, he summoned Gu Mu, then Secretary of the Jinan Municipal Party Committee and Mayor, on the train.In the car, Gu Mu reported the work in Jinan to Mao Zedong. After listening to it, Mao Zedong said: "I have read your report." He once again affirmed the work in Jinan City, and then Mao Zedong changed the topic. We talked about it from ancient to modern times.

Mao Zedong first asked Gu Mu: "Why did Jinan get its name?" Gu replied: "Because it is to the south of Jishui." Then he asked, "Why is Jishui gone now?" Gu Mu didn't answer for a while.Mao Zedong said: "The old road of Jishui was taken away by the Yellow River. Go back and check the books. Ask about the customs when you enter the country, ask about the ban when you enter the country, and where you work, you must understand the situation there, including the current history."

Mao Zedong then asked: "Where is Zhuge Liang from?" Gu Mu replied: "My ancestors were from Linyi, Shandong, and later moved to Xiangyang, Hubei." "Why is his surname Zhuge?" Gu was asked again.Mao Zedong said: "Have you read Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms"? There is a note in "Zhuge Jin Biography", which shows that Kong Ming's ancestors were originally surnamed Ge, originally from Zhucheng, and later moved to Yangdu (that is, Linyi, in today's Yinan County). The local Ge family is a big family with a strong surname that excludes foreigners. The ancestors of Kong Ming called themselves Zhuge because their ancestors came from Zhucheng, so they were different from the local Ge family.

After Gu Mu came back, he checked relevant historical records and felt that what Mao Zedong said was well-founded and completely correct.It can be seen that Mao Zedong's deeds and characters in "Three Kingdoms" have been extensively collected and understood in great detail.

Yin Ruins Archaeological Site

"Cao Cao implemented the farming system in this area, so that the people had enough food and clothing, accumulated strength, gradually unified the north, and laid the foundation for the later unification of the whole country by the Jin Dynasty."

1952年11月1日上午9时55分，毛泽东来到河南安阳市。

Accompanied by Cheng Yaowu, commissioner of the Anyang Administrative Office, Mao Zedong and his party visited the Yin Ruins and asked:
"Where is this west and north?"

"To the west is the Taihang Mountains, and to the north is the Zhanghe River."

"The Zhang River is where Cao Cao trained his sailors?"

"Correct."

"Cao Cao is also a great person. This place belongs to ancient Ye. Ye City was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period during Duke Huan of Qi Dynasty. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to the State of Wei. Ximen Bao was the order of Ye. In the Western Han Dynasty, Yecheng was the seat of the Wei County, and in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, it was Yuan Shao, the shepherd of Jizhou. Station. After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, he entered Ye and established his capital in 204 A.D. Since then, it has been called the capital of Wei in history.

In the 18th year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 213), Cao Cao was granted the title of Duke of Wei, and later King of Wei, holding all the military and political power of the central government.Yedu became the seat of the central government where courtiers gathered and issued government orders. It was not until 220 AD that Cao Pi replaced the Han Dynasty. Although Luoyang was established as the capital, Yedu was called the "Northern Capital".Therefore, the Wei Dynasty established its capital in Ye for 265 years.

When Cao Cao was in Ye, he carried out large-scale expansion.The famous three platforms, namely Jinfeng Terrace, Tongque Terrace and Bingjing Terrace, were built at that time.Jin Dynasty writer Zuo Si once wrote "Wei Du Fu" to describe Yedu very well.Cao Cao implemented the garrison system in this area, so that the people had enough food and clothing, accumulated strength, and gradually unified the north, laying the foundation for the unification of the whole country by the Jin Dynasty. "Cheng Yaowu was overwhelmed by Mao Zedong's rich historical knowledge. He forgot that he was reporting the situation. He listened carefully to Mao Zedong's speech and couldn't help nodding in agreement. Cheng Yaowu deeply felt that as a local official, he was not very clear about that period of history. Sorry. Mao Zedong's reading of "Three Kingdoms" is not air-to-air, but that he can always connect with the real problems encountered during actual inspection and research, so as to deepen his understanding and deepen the comparison and identification of ancient and modern things.

Wen County says Sima Yi
"Do you think Sima Yi's talent is greater than Zhuge Liang's?"

On October 1952, 10, Mao Zedong was approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to rest for 26 days. During this time, Mao Zedong went to Henan to inspect the Yellow River. Chao Zhefu drew to him, pointed his finger far away and asked softly:

"Then to the south is Mount Mang?"

"It's Mount Mang."

"Then what county is to the west?"

"To the west are Wen County and Meng County."

"Wen County! Do you know why Wen County is called Wen County?"

"I don't know." Chao Zhefu shook his head regretfully.

"Wen County is based on the name of Sima Wen Gong. Sima Yi, the governor of Wei Mingdi, is from Wen County. This man is very intelligent." Mao Zedong continued, "Since the death of Sima Cao Zhen, the great Sima of Wei State, Wei The military power of the country fell into the hands of Sima Yi, a man from northern Henan. During Zhuge Liang's fourth Northern Expedition, he adopted the strategy of "gathering troops and building strongholds and defending against danger", which made Zhuge Liang unable to fight. The soldiers returned to their hometown, Guxian County, Gansu Province - Chicheng, and kept the position he wanted to hold on to. After that, after more than two years of sufficient preparation, Zhuge Liang commanded another [-] troops, sent envoys to cooperate with Soochow, and went out of Xiegu to launch a campaign The fifth Northern Expedition, with Sima Yi at the south of the Wei River in Qixian County, Shaanxi. This time, Zhuge Liang summed up the lessons of his failure due to Sima Yi's "holding the wall without fighting". However, because Zhuge Liang couldn't hold his breath, he sent people to fight again and again. As a result, Sima Yi strengthened his determination to "refuse and not fight"; Zhuge Liang, in order to anger Sima Yi, He also sent him a set of clothes and jewelry worn by women, causing Sima Yi to be fooled by Zhuge Liang! Some days later, when Zhuge Liang sent someone to challenge him, Sima Yi not only received the envoy very politely Instead of talking about military affairs, I only talked about Zhuge Liang's daily life and daily chores. From it, I learned that Zhuge Liang was troubled by work, had a bad appetite, and couldn't even eat a few liters of food a day, so I happily said to him. "Zhuge Liang eats less and troubles, how long will it last?" Soon, Zhuge Liang really went to see God." At this time, Mao Zedong asked Chao Zhefu:
"People who have read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" have this opinion?"

"Some people say that talented people come out of Nanyang. I see that there are quite a few of you in northern Henan: Wei Company Ma Zhao, Sima Lun, General Sima Shi, Western Jin historian Sima Biao, writer Sima Zhen, Lin Xiangru, Han Qi, Yue Fei, etc.; Was the People’s Victory Canal built by people from northern Henan?”

So much for the discussion about the battle of wits and courage between Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang.

"Chairman, shall we go down and walk by the canal?" Pan Fusheng asked Mao Zedong for instructions.

"Here we come, just to see, let's go!"

Under the guidance of Qiao Dengyun, Mao Zedong walked down the summit, browsed along the north side of the People's Victory Canal, and continued to inspect.

The birthplace of Cao Cao

"Sikong is a name for an official position in an ancient dynasty. Its grade is about the same as your status as a commissioner."

On November 1952, 11, Mao Zedong and his party visited Yin Ruins.Mao Zedong stood enthusiastically on the small horoscope bridge, facing north, waving the yellow woolen liberation hat in his hand and asked Cheng Yaowu: "Where is the west and north?" "The Taihang Mountain is to the west, and the Zhang River is to the north." "The Zhang River , "Mao Zedong said: "Zhang River, where Cao Cao trained his sailors, and the village of Wucheng, where Cao Cao taught martial arts, later formed the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu. This is Ye County, the ancient city of Ye It is the place where Cao Cao made his fortune, because Cao Cao practiced the farming system, and the people had enough food and clothing. As a result, he won the victory and built three platforms of 'Tongque, Bingjing, and Jinfeng'."

After changing the subject, he asked Cheng Yaowu again: "What are the names of the two villages in Huanbei?" "The village to the west is called Xi Sikong, also known as Xiao Sikong, and the village to the east is called Da Sikong."

Cheng Yaowu replied. "Sikong, what do you mean? Do you know?" Cheng Yaowu shook his head. "Sikong is a name for an official position in an ancient dynasty. Its grade is about the same as your status as a commissioner."

Cheng Yaowu nodded with a smile.

Mao Zedong attached great importance to the study of local chronicles throughout his life. Every time he visited a place, he often asked the staff to find local chronicles to learn about historical conditions, geographical evolution, cultural relics, and customs. In March 1958, Mao Zedong came to Chengdu for the first time to preside over the Central Work Conference. As soon as I arrived in Chengdu on the afternoon of March 3, I immediately wanted to read "Sichuan Provincial Chronicles", "Shu Benzhi", "Huayang Guozhi", "Wuhou Temple" and so on, and read them carefully.He said: "Those who govern the county and the country learn from their aspirations."

Cheng Yaowu did not expect that Mao Zedong was so familiar with the situation here and was very educated and inspired. Later, he found local chronicles and studied them, which benefited a lot.

Cao Cao is a great poet "Cao Cao is a great statesman, military strategist, and a great poet."

(End of this chapter)