Mao Zedong's Reading Experience: Mao Zedong's Reading of the Three Kingdoms

Chapter 3 Studying (3)
In the summer of 1954, Mao Zedong went to Beidaihe to work.Every day after work, he has to go swimming.Sometimes after working tired at night, I take a short rest and go out to watch the sea. I also recite "Guan Canghai" in a low voice, and find a map to check that "Cao Cao has been here."One day, Xu Tao, a health doctor, saw Mao Zedong walking on the beach after swimming, chanting something, so he asked him what he was chanting.Mao Zedong read it to Xu Tao sentence by sentence: "Looking at Jieshi in the east, you can see the sea. The water is so smooth, and the mountains and islands stand tall. The trees are dense and the grass is luxuriant. The autumn wind is bleak, and the torrents are surging. The journey of the sun and the moon is like walking out of it; Xinghan is brilliant, if you come out of it. Fortunately, it is even good, singing to sing about ambition."

Xu Tao asked: "Chairman, whose poem is this?" "Is it well written?" "Very bold and beautiful." "This is Cao Cao's poem. Cang Hai." "Cao Cao can also write poetry?" "Hey, you are a college student, you really need to make up your lessons," Mao Zedong said slowly: "Cao Cao is a great statesman, military strategist, and a great poet." "Cao Cao went to Wuhuan in May of the 1th year of Jian'an. In September, the teacher passed Jieshi Mountain and wrote "Guan Canghai"." Xu Tao was surprised when he heard it, because he had never heard anyone comment on Cao Cao so positively, so he asked doubtfully: "Cao Cao ? Which Cao Cao?" "Which other Cao Cao? Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms." "He, isn't he a traitor?" "Cao Cao unified northern China and founded Wei. Production, the implementation of the garrison system, also supervised the reclamation of wasteland, promoted the legal system, and advocated thrift, so that the society that had suffered great damage began to stabilize, recover, and develop. Shouldn't this be affirmed? To say that Cao Cao is a "white-faced treacherous minister" is a feudal orthodoxy. The unjust case. There are also those reactionary gentry, who are the monopoly of feudal culture, and they write to maintain feudal orthodoxy. This case must be overturned.”

It was from this day that Xu Tao got to know Cao Cao again. In July 1954, he wrote to his daughters Li Min and Li Na in a letter: Qinhuangdao, Beidaihe, and Shanhaiguan are places where Cao Mengde (Cao) has been. He is not only a politician, but also a poet. His Jieshi poems are famous Yes, mom has an anthology of ancient poems, please ask mom to teach you to read." Mao Anqing and Shao Hua also recalled Mao Zedong's evaluation of Cao Cao's poems.He said: "Cao Cao's articles and poems are very authentic, straight from the heart, open-minded, and should be learned."

Indeed, Mao Zedong loved reading Cao Cao's poems.Among the four editions of "The Source of Ancient Poetry" and one "Notes on Poems of Emperor Wu of Wei and Emperor Wen of Wei" in Mao Zedong's former residence library in Zhongnanhai, Cao Cao's "Duan Ge Xing"

Mao Zedong has circled and drawn poems such as "Viewing the Canghai", "Different Soil", "Ghost Life", "Scallion Dew", "Walking in Artemisia", "Walking in Bitter Cold", "Walking through East and West Gates".Circles are drawn before the titles of most poems, and circles are drawn densely in the poems.Next to "Emperor Wu" in "The Source of Ancient Poetry", Mao Zedong drew two thick lines with a red pencil. Like Wei Xiang. Shen Xiong is handsome and cool, sometimes showing domineering." Mao Zedong punctuated this sentence, which shows that he attaches great importance to this evaluation.Cao Cao's "Duan Ge Xing" can be said to be one of his masterpieces.One of the verses: "Singing to wine, how much life is. Like the dew in the morning, the past days are bitter. Generosity should be generous, and worries and thoughts will be unforgettable. How to relieve worries, only Du Kang. The moon and stars are rare, and the black magpie flies south. Circle the tree three times , He Zhi can rely on. Mountains are never too high, and seas are never too deep. Zhou Gong vomits and nourishes, and the world returns to his heart." This poem not only expresses deep emotion about the passage of time and the unfulfilled achievements, but also has the grand ambition of recruiting talents to complete the unified cause. There is a surge of impassioned emotion in it, which is very natural and straightforward.Before the title of the poem, Mao Zedong also circled it with red and blue pen colors.

Mao Zedong liked the poem "Guan Canghai" written by Cao Cao. He came to Jieshi Mountain where Cao Cao had visited in the past, and his imagination was full of imagination.The words read:
And he created his famous novel "Langtaosha · Beidaihe", "The past has passed for thousands of years, Wei Wu swung his whip, and there is a posthumous chapter on Jieshi in the east. The bleak autumn wind is here again, and the world has changed." This poem touches the scene and expresses emotion. , Mao Zedong cherished the memory of Cao Cao, a hero through the ages with both literary and military skills, and pursued and surpassed the heroic poetic style.Among them, the "white waves surging to the sky" in Mao Zedong's poems are similar to the "surge of flood waves" in Cao Cao's poems.The "bleak autumn wind" in Mao Zedong's Ci is an inversion of the sentence "autumn wind is bleak" in Cao's poem "Guan Canghai".It's just that Cao Cao's poems describe the real scenery of a specific season, while Mao Zedong borrowed them to express his true feelings under special weather conditions.More importantly, Mao Zedong's main intention was to use it to praise the new era and new society, because after all, "the world has changed."This is a classic poem created by Mao Zedong borrowing Cao Cao's poems and expressing his nostalgia for the past.It can be seen that Mao Zedong is very familiar with Cao Cao's poems and works, and he affirmed that Cao Cao is not only an outstanding statesman and military strategist, but also a great poet.

"'Guan Gong' is not 'Guan'"

"Before closing the door, why don't I just say my surname is Guan..." This is the origin of referring to Guan as the surname.

After busy work, Mao Zedong's favorite activities are mountain climbing and walking, which can not only rest the overtired and tense brain, but also appreciate the charming scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers.

One day, Wang Fang accompanied Mao Zedong for a walk among the green pines and flowers in the West Nine Creeks and Eighteen Streams of Yanxia Ridge.In the fairyland, Mao Zedong's chatter was also very strong. "Zhang Xianpeng, do you think there are any good people in Hongdong County?" Mao Zedong didn't know what he thought of, and asked his guards abruptly. "The opera singer said that there are no good people in Hongdong County." Zhang Xianpeng answered very cleverly.Mao Zedong smiled and said: "This is wrong. In fact, the vast majority of people in Hongdong County are good people. It is idealism to generalize." After asking the guards, Mao Zedong changed the subject and asked Wang Fang: "" Have you read Romance of the Three Kingdoms?" "Yes." "Have you read Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms"?" "Also." "You have read quite a few books. What do you think of Guan Gong? Like?" "I admire Guan Gong very much," Wang Fang replied after thinking for a while, "Guan Gong is a very great person with great righteousness. He is powerful in martial arts and powerful in the world. Fatal weakness such as understanding the overall situation..."

"It seems that you still have a lot of research on Guan Gong!" Mao Zedong agreed with Wang Fang's concise summary and logical analysis.Now, Wang Fang felt a little embarrassed.Regret that I shouldn't be playing tricks in front of Mao Zedong.

"Since you are so familiar with Guan Gong, let me ask you another question, what is Guan Gong's last name?" Mao Zedong asked Wang Fang again. "Guan Gong, of course his surname is Guan." Wang Fang replied without thinking.Seeing Wang Fang's confident answer, Mao Zedong smiled and said, "Wrong, Guan Gong is not actually surnamed Guan." "Chairman, Guan Gong is not surnamed Guan, what is his surname?" Wang Fang asked with wide-eyed surprise. .Mao Zedong replied slowly: "Guan Gong refers to Guan as the surname." "Guan as the surname?" Wang Fang was still puzzled.

Therefore, Mao Zedong told Wang Fang and other entourages a little-known story: Guan Gong was very loyal since he was a child, and he can be described as chivalrous and courageous.Once he defended his friend against injustice and killed someone in his hometown.He knew that killing someone would result in a lawsuit, so he fled immediately.He intends to leave Tongguan in order to get rid of the officials' pursuit.He traveled day and night, and when he came to Tongguan, it was not yet five o'clock, and the door was closed tightly.He finally made it to the time of the switch, but he was worried again.At that time, the government had a regulation that everyone who passed through the customs must be registered.This is how to do?You must not report your real name. If you want to show your feet, it will be terrible.Seeing that it was his turn, he hadn't figured out a good way yet.He looked anxiously at the tall and fortified closed door, and suddenly had an inspiration:
"Before closing the door, why don't I just say my surname is Guan..." This is the origin of referring to Guan as the surname. "Chairman, there are no such records in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Three Kingdoms"?" Wang Fang felt that Mao Zedong's vivid narration was very reasonable, and wanted to know the source of this story. "You check other books to see if this is the case?" Mao Zedong did not answer Wang Fang directly, but asked him a question.

In order to find the answer to this question, Wang Fang carefully read many related books, but still could not find the source of this story.I just found some clues in a book of "Ancient Chinese Historical Novels".It is also said in that book that Guan Gong's surname was not Guan, but Feng, and his name was Xian.As for why he changed his surname to Guan later, he didn't talk about it again... Wang Fang knew that Mao Zedong was very knowledgeable, and besides the official history, he also read a lot of unofficial history.

Do a good job of "borrowing the east wind"
"Now, if we want to build socialism, everything is ready, but there is also a lack of east wind, that is, lack of industry and modernization."

On the morning of May 1955, 5, the Central Guard Corps notified all the comrades of the No. 14 Squadron to go to Fengze Garden at 3 p.m. to receive an interview from Mao Zedong.In the afternoon, Mao Zedong was very happy. He walked into the yard, and a crabapple tree just covered the west slanting sun.

Mao Zedong took out a cigarette, lit it with a match, took a puff and said, "It's been a long time since I talked to you. Comrade Wang Dongxing asked me to tell you something. What do you want me to tell you?"

He looked at everyone with a smile on his face and said, "Well, let's talk about work and study!"

As he spoke, he started his speech just like pulling a routine.He first asked everyone a question and drew everyone's attention to the topic of his speech.Mao Zedong said: "You say, what are we working for?" Some guard soldiers replied: "For the revolution."

"What else is it for?" Mao Zedong asked again. "Serve the people." Mao Zedong said: "Yes, you are right. Our party has no other interests other than serving the people."

"Fight Japan in the past, and fight the emperor sooner." He paused for a while, his eyes seemed to be looking for something.Looking at the young team members in front of him, and then looking at the older army leaders, he asked, "Have any of you ever beaten the emperor? None!" Everyone laughed out loud.

The venue came alive.You look at me, I look at you.

Mao Zedong went on to say: "I used to be a commoner of the emperor. At that time, it was Emperor Guangxu and Emperor Xuantong. Now Emperor Xuantong is studying Marxism-Leninism in the Northeast. He is a war criminal. He has nothing to do when he is full. 6 years. I was a soldier in the Revolutionary Army at that time. Cheng Qian, who is now the vice chairman of the National Defense Commission, was a division commander in Hunan at that time, and he and I were not in the same division.”

Mao Zedong said that at that time the revolution was called beating the emperor, and later it was called beating the warlords.There are many warlords, including people like Yuan Shikai.Later, Chiang Kai-shek appeared, and we worked with him.It turned out that we cooperated with Sun Yat-sen to overthrow the emperor. It has been 44 years, and the Communist Party has 34 years.

Mao Zedong continued: "The Communist Party had very few people at the beginning, only a few dozen people. At that time, the ambition was great, to make a revolution, to overthrow imperialism, feudalism, and capitalism. 34 years ago, there were only a few dozen people in the provinces. There were only 12 delegates at the first congress. Among the ones alive now, Comrade Dong Biwu is one, and I am one. There are only two others. Others are traitors, such as Chen Gongbo and Zhou Fohai. Chen Gongbo is the prime minister of Wang Jingwei. Some rebels Some have died, and some have died. In addition, there is Zhang Guotao. This person is not good, and now Hong Kong is helping imperialism. People are different, and each goes his own way."

Mao Zedong slowly took out a cigarette, lit it, took a puff, and then said: "The army was strengthened during the war against Japan. During the Agrarian Revolution, we grew to 30. Later, we did something wrong and started the Long March, reducing it to 2. More than 90 people. The Long March is not easy to travel, and the distance traveled is equal to the distance to the United States, which is a diameter of the earth. During the Anti-Japanese War, the army grew to [-].”

Summarizing the above-mentioned historical experience and lessons, Mao Zedong said: "There was also a general line in the past. The general line in the past was anti-imperialist and anti-feudal. Anti-imperialist and anti-feudal opened a road for socialism, drive those bastards away, and then go to socialism."

"Have you seen "Three Kingdoms"?" Mao Zedong was referring to "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

"I've seen it." Someone replied.

"You can read "Three Kingdoms," Mao Zedong continued: "Three Kingdoms Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao and used fire to attack. Everything is ready, but the east wind is lacking. Now, if we want to build socialism, everything is ready, but there is also lack of east wind, that is, lack of industry. Lack of modernization. Only with industry can automobiles, tractors, locomotives, airplanes, tanks, heavy machines, and light machines be built. The three five-year plans can almost be manufactured.”

"The three major transformations include transformations of two natures. Farmers and handicraftsmen are working people, not exploiters. They are individual businesses, and they need to be transformed by means of cooperatives. Capitalism is an exploiter. It will not be exploited in the future. Enter Socialist transformation, one industrialization, one transformation, have been engaged in for 15 years, and the goal has basically been achieved, and we will continue to do it 15 years later."

Mao Zedong scanned everyone's faces, and then began to ask and answer.

"How old are you now? The average is only 2223 years old. The Ten Five-Year Plans are 50 years old, and you are only in your 70s. Confucius died at the age of 72. This person has read a lot. Learn from time to time. I hope you will improve yourself in an all-round way, and never regret it when you are old..."

The audience burst into laughter again.

Mao Zedong also laughed.He pointed to the team members and said humorously: "You are still young, you are still good. I will go to the 'meeting' at that time. Marx and Engels convened an international conference and invited me to attend it."

Mao Zedong took a step closer to everyone, and with a slightly louder voice, he said: "Everyone of us has different jobs. Some of us stand guard and some do other jobs. They all serve the purpose of communism and serving the people."

Mao Zedong said: "I think your tasks will be increased to three aspects in the future. I wonder if you agree or not?"

"Agreed!" The players replied in unison.

Mao Zedong raised his fingers, counted and said: "One is security work, the other is study, learning culture, plus one investigation work, a total of 3 items."

Mao Zedong said humorously: "Just standing guard is too monotonous. Just like eating, you not only eat green vegetables, but also eat some peppers. When you go home, you can watch the house on the one hand and conduct investigations on the other. Do investigation work in the name of housekeeping .”

Speaking of this, he reminded everyone: "But remember, don't say that I am guarding Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao sent me here."

Mao Zedong said: "We must be humble to others, respect our parents, the common people in the village, respect the district and township cadres, and don't put on airs."

In case people might not understand, Mao Zedong used an analogy: "You will be happy when I put on airs to you? You are not happy when the head of the regiment puts on airs to you. Only by being humble can you investigate things."

Speaking of this, Mao Zedong ended his speech.He said:
"I just talked for more than 50 minutes and talked about decades of history. Now, we are a big party with 705 million members. The Youth League has more than 1000 million, the People's Liberation Army has 400 million, and the national population is 6 million. The representatives of the 6 million people, especially you young people in their twenties, should study hard and work hard. Of course, the old men also need it. Your team leader is an old man, and I also have some advantages. Boxing and walking are not as good as you, But I have some experience. The division of labor and cooperation are all for a general goal."

Mao Zedong talked about the current situation and tasks, and called on everyone to do a good job of "borrowing the east wind" to do a good job of learning in order to realize modernization, and prepare for the climax of economic construction.

"Zhuge Liang is proficient in psychology"

The three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu stand at the same time, Zhuge Liang, the military advisor of Shu, is proficient in psychology, and has understood the psychology of Zhou Yu, the governor of the Eastern Wu.

In August 1956, once Mao Zedong attended a ball, during a break, he asked a few young people:
"You all already have jobs and can study again. Is there any difficulty?" Everyone chatted about the problem of seeing a doctor.Mao Zedong said: "Treatment should also have an overall perspective. Starting from the overall situation of the patient's body and grasping the key points, we can prescribe the right medicine and cure the disease. It is not easy to cure the disease and save the patient." A girl asked Mao Zedong: "Treatment What is the relationship between illness and the patient's mental state?" Mao Zedong said affirmatively: "It has a relationship." So he told everyone a "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

The story in:

The three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu stand at the same time. Zhuge Liang, the military adviser of Shu, is proficient in psychology, and he understands the psychology of Zhou Yu, the governor of the Eastern Wu. His worries cured his heart disease.But when Shu and Wu entered into a state of war, he took advantage of Zhou Yu's competitive psychology to aggravate his heart disease, so angry that Zhou Yu had a heart attack and died without fighting.

Mao Zedong admired the description of Zhou Yu's psychological contradictions in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". In Mao Zedong's view, Zhuge Liang could not only "cure" but also "exacerbate" Zhou Yu's mental illness. Zhuge Liang is "proficient in psychology".

Mao Zedong affirmed that treatment had a "relationship" with the patient's psychological state.He believed that Zhuge Liang's "cure" for Zhou Yu was based on Zhou Yu's psychological state.Borrowing changes in mental activities can promote the disappearance of individual pathological processes and the recovery of normal functions.

Although the discipline of psychology did not emerge in Zhuge Liang's era, psychological practice existed, and the laws of psychological movement were preliminarily recognized.As the saying goes, "heart disease requires heart medicine", which contains a certain scientific nature of psychotherapy.Mao Zedong humorously said that "Zhuge Liang is proficient in psychology", which also has its origin.Mao Zedong discovered this contradiction at a deep level.

Wang Bi is a young man who has made a difference
"In the history of our country, there was also Wang Bi, who had the same name and surname as you. He was a literati, and you were a military commander. You who study martial arts should win over those who study literature."

(End of this chapter)