Mao Zedong's Reading Experience: Mao Zedong's Reading of the Three Kingdoms

Chapter 4 Studying (4)
On March 1958, 3, at the Chengdu Conference, Mao Zedong pointed out that young people with little knowledge have created new ideas and schools since ancient times. He cited many young people who have made achievements in ancient and modern China and abroad, and one of them is Wang Bi.He said: "When Wang Bi annotated Laozi, he was only 22 years old. He died prematurely due to excessive brain use. He was only in his twenties when he died." On the topic of "Breaking Superstition and Emancipating the Mind", he talked about many examples of young people in China and abroad who have made great achievements in ancient and modern times, including Wang Bi.He said: "Wang Bi of the Jin Dynasty commented on "Zhuangzi" and "Book of Changes". He was a philosopher at the age of 78, and his elder brother was Wang Su. He was only 5 years old when he died." Around this time, Mao Zedong was reading In "The Collection of Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty", a group of young people with achievements in ancient and modern times were mentioned in eyebrow criticism, and Wang Bi was mentioned together with Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty and Jia Yi of the Han Dynasty.He said that Wang Bo "as a 8-year-old man, wrote 18 volumes of poetry and prose works, which are comparable to Wang Bi's philosophy (subjective idealism), Jia Yi's history and political science. In his thirties, Wang Bi was 24 years old when he died."

In October 1940, Mao Zedong and Zhu De met Wang Bi who was sent to the Soviet Union to study aviation engineering and returned to China, and gave instructions on the establishment of an engineering school.Mao Zedong said: "It is good to be enthusiastic about developing the aviation industry, but you must have determination and patience." During the discussion, Mao Zedong asked Wang Bi's name and his study in the Soviet Union in detail, and then said wittily: "There is also a Wang Bi has the same name and surname as you. He is a literati, and you are a military commander. You who study martial arts should win over those who study literature.” Wang Bi in Chinese history was a metaphysician during the Three Kingdoms period. I love reading his works very much, but it is a pity that he died young.Now that another man named Wang Bi came by his side, Mao Zedong was naturally impressed, so he said this.

Mao Zedong was deeply impressed by Wang Bi's profound knowledge at a young age, so when he met Wang Bi with the same name, he used Wang Bi from the Three Kingdoms period to encourage him to learn literature, "You who study martial arts should strive to surpass those who study literature." , expressing his ardent hope for young people.

Hua Tuo
"During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a famous doctor named Hua Tuo who treated Cao Cao's diseases. He learned the movements of tigers, bears, monkeys, deer and birds, and compiled the 'Five Birds'."

Mao Zedong paid great attention to the application of reading.He read "Three Kingdoms: Biography of Hua Tuo" very seriously and carefully.He admired Hua Tuo's way of keeping in good health recorded in "Hua Tuo Biography". In the 20s, when Mao Zedong was walking, he told his health care doctor: "In the Three Kingdoms period, there was a famous doctor named Hua Tuo who treated Cao Cao. He learned the movements of tigers, bears, monkeys, deer and birds. , edited 'Wu Qin Xi', you should know this? I think it's good, it's a good fitness exercise. These are all bionic exercises. People learn a lot of sports from animals, which are actually zoological animals. China There are mantis boxing and monkey boxing. Didn’t you learn the frog style for swimming from frogs?” Maybe imitating the “Five Animals Show”, Mao Zedong made up a set of floor exercises based on his own characteristics: he slowly moved forward Walk, take a deep breath, shake your head, twist your neck, sometimes bend and extend your elbows and wrists, alternately turn your shoulders back and forth, and rotate your waist at the same time.He often practices it when he is walking alone and without other people, in order to activate the joints of the whole body, exercise his body and strengthen his physique.

Hua Tuo taught people to keep fit and get rid of diseases, and to play five animals, which is the most advanced and positive idea in medicine.With the development of modern medicine, it is only now that health care and disease prevention are popular, but it is unknown that Hua Tuo, a genius doctor in my country, advocated it 700 years ago.His five-animal play is to ask people to imitate the movements of five animals to make systematic movements to prove the principle that the door hinge does not have moths.These five kinds of animals are tiger, deer, bear, ape, and bird, because the tiger's step, the deer's leap, the bear's pendulum, the ape's leap, and the bird's flight all contain a principle of movement, and human beings imitate it. Exercise, take one of them, until you sweat, do it every day, you can prolong your life.This movement has been circulating in our country.Hua Tuo passed it on to his apprentice, Guangling (Yangzhou) Wu Pu, who practiced persistently. Wu Pu lived to be more than [-] years old, and he still has good hearing and eyesight, and his teeth are perfect.

In the autumn of 1934, Mao Zedong suddenly fell ill in Yudu, Jiangxi, with a persistent high fever and serious condition.At that time, at the critical moment of the fifth campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Mao Zedong shouldered the important task of investigating the route of breaking out of the encirclement.Xie Juezai and Zhang Wentian urgently summoned Fu Lianjun to Yudu.After Fu Lianjun learned about the condition in detail, he was diagnosed with falciparum malaria, and then tried every means to rescue and treat Mao Zedong, so that Mao Zedong was able to recover quickly.Afterwards, Mao Zedong half-jokingly said to the comrades around him: "Do you know that there was a doctor named Hua Tuo in ancient China?" Then, he told the story of Hua Tuo, and then said: "We also have Hua Tuo now, and Dr. Fu is Hua Tuo."

Mao Zedong talked more about Hua Tuo to ancient Chinese medical experts.Hua Tuo was a famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the inventor of anesthesia, especially good at surgery.Mao Zedong believed that Hua Tuo recorded in "Three Kingdoms" was indeed a real person, and he was a medical scientist with excellent medical skills, who often treated poor people for free.

On June 1958, 6, after Mao Zedong read the People's Daily report on the eradication of schistosomiasis in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, he had a lot of imagination and wrote "Seven Laws Sending the Plague God". Little insect what" sentence.In the epilogue of the poem, it is also said that the enthusiasm for eradicating schistosomiasis has gradually increased in the past one or two years, "However, most of the Hua Tuos today lacked confidence in the early years, so they have hope."The "Huatuos" mentioned in the postscript refer to the vast number of medical workers.He greatly praised the modern "Huatuo" who eradicated schistosomiasis.

Zhuge Liang's Feather Fan

Regardless of whether it is spring, summer, autumn or winter, or whether it is hot or cold, Zhuge Liang always holds a goose feather fan in his hand when he is at home or outside.

At a party held by the Wuhan Military Region, the famous comedian Lian Kuocheng performed "Critical Criticism of the Three Kingdoms", which is rich in content, vivid in language, gags and fascinating.He talked about three strange things in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". One of them is that Zhuge Liang always holds a goose feather fan in his hand regardless of spring, summer, autumn and winter, regardless of whether it is hot or cold at home.Then it leads to the love story of Zhuge Liang and Huang Chengyan's daughter.It describes that both of them are military and political all-rounders, good at astronomy and geography, ancient and modern war history, Qimen Dunjia, classics and history collections, three religions and nine streams, and they are all proficient. It is said that Huang's daughter wrote all this profound knowledge here. On the feather fan, so Zhuge Liang couldn't put it down. When encountering a problem, just turn the fan and look, and all the precise answers will be found immediately, so he can plan strategies and win thousands of miles away; invincible and invincible. The merits of the family's daughters and virtuous helpers.As soon as everyone heard it, they all knew it was made up, but it was made up with emotion and reason, and it was fascinating, so they all enjoyed it.Thousands of people have seen Zhuge Liang holding a feather fan, but no one has thought why.After being pointed out by the cross talk actors, they couldn't help laughing.

On September 1958, 9, Mao Zedong was on his way from Nanjing to Hangzhou and Shanghai, accompanied by democrat Zhang Zhizhong and Minister of Public Security Luo Ruiqing.According to Zhang Zhizhong's diary: On the train to Hangzhou, Minister Luo and I went to Chairman Mao's carriage, and Chairman Mao was reading "Three Kingdoms" in his hand.Chairman Mao said: ""Three Kingdoms" is good, it looks very interesting." I remembered the cross talk "Critical Criticism of the Three Kingdoms" heard at a party in Wuhan, so I started the conversation from here.Chairman Mao laughed when he thought of it:

"The crosstalk editors are quite familiar with "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". They said three strange things in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and pointed out that Zhuge Liang always held a feather fan in his hand regardless of the seasons of the year. It was really funny."

Mao Zedong said with relish: "It seems that these actors have thoroughly read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", so they can talk about it vividly, with twists and turns in the plot, and the joy, anger, sorrow and joy of the masses follow."

Although "Wrong Criticism of the Three Kingdoms" was edited by cross talk actors, Mao Zedong not only questioned the folklore of Zhuge Liang's feather fan, but also praised the contributions of Huang's female sages and helpers.Zhuge Liang's feather fan has become a synonym for the wisdom of intellectuals.Whenever I think of Zhuge Liang, I will naturally think of the legendary feather fan.

Guidance
"After three days of farewell, you should look at it with admiration."

In September 1958, Mao Zedong went to Anhui to inspect his work. He was accompanied by democrat Zhang Zhizhong and Luo Ruiqing, then Minister of Public Security.On the train, Mao Zedong read "The Biography of Lu Meng" in "Three Kingdoms".During the chat, Mao Zedong told them the story of Lu Meng studying angrily: Lu Meng joined the army since he was a child. Although he was brave and courageous, he was uneducated.Sun Quan persuaded him to study, but he said that he had no time for the army.Sun Quan used himself as an example to explain that as long as there is determination, time is not the main issue.Lu Meng obeyed and studied hard by himself. After a few years, he was a different person.Later, when Lu Su saw him again, he found that Lu Meng had both civil and military skills. When it came to how to deal with Shu general Guan Yunchang, Lu Meng offered "three strategies" to Lu Su. Treat each other with admiration." I thought you could only fight wars, but I didn't expect you to "know InBev", and now you are no longer "Amon under Wu".Lu Meng became the commander-in-chief of Soochow, and won many battles, including defeating Guan Yu in Maicheng.Speaking of this, Mao Zedong suggested that senior military officers who were born in the army "must read "The Biography of Lu Meng".He also said to Luo Ruiqing: Police officers should be well-educated and armed in order to meet the needs of socialist construction.Mao Zedong often quoted the phrase "Three days after a farewell, you should look at each other with admiration" to educate and encourage cadres to keep learning and forging ahead. In July 9, at the People's Congress held in Hunan Province, Zhou Shizhao was elected as the vice-governor.Accepting such a new position made him feel very sudden.Zhou Shizhao was full of thoughts, worried that he would not be able to take on this burden, so he asked Mao Zedong for help, stated his thoughts, and hoped to resign from this position.

Only eight days after Zhou Shizhao's letter was sent, on October 8, Mao Zedong wrote a reply letter, encouraging him to take up his new post.Mao Zedong wrote in the letter:
Received the gift book on October 10th, I am happy to read it.When accepting a new post, don't choose the light and fear the heavy, but pick the heavy and despise the light.The ancients said: the sage is in power, and the capable is in power, and the two cannot be obtained at the same time.I think you can be cum.Every day, every day, I feel that I am not capable, but it is actually because I don’t know myself very well; second, I don’t understand objective things well—those foreign students, big professors, personnel disputes, complex psychology, look down on you, and don’t talk about it. Save it with a smile, and so on.These social norms are experienced by almost everyone.In addition, I lack political experience, and I am afraid when things happen, and Chen Li will list them later. This is good.These are facts and understandable.I think cleverness and honesty are enough to solve all difficult problems.This seems to have been discussed with you.Cong said to ask and think more, but in fact he was seeking truth from facts.Perseverance and practice are always more able to do things well.Your courage, it seems, is much more than in the past.After three days of farewell, you should look at each other with admiration.I have talked about this big article again, just adding a little oil and a little vinegar.After receiving this letter, Zhou Shizhao said with emotion that Mao Zedong's advice gave him great spiritual encouragement and great support and help in his work.Zhou Shizhao served as the vice-governor in charge of education in Hunan Province and accomplished his task brilliantly.Mao Zedong quoted the phrase "Scholars farewell for three days, treat each other with admiration" in "Three Kingdoms", the purpose is to educate everyone to enhance their self-consciousness in learning, face up to difficulties, and constantly increase their talents in the process of studying and studying hard. To grow ingenuity with the times.

Watching Huagu Opera "Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms set up Ningguo County, and Song Zu changed it to Ningguo Mansion, right?"

One day in mid-September 1958, Mao Zedong came to Wuhu after inspecting Anqing, Shucheng, and Hefei.

At eight o'clock in the evening, Mao Zedong, accompanied by the heads of provinces, municipalities and the Ministry of Public Security, came to the theater.Mao Zedong entered the venue from the left side door of the theater.When this tall and radiant leader entered the venue, thunderous applause erupted in the venue, and Mao Zedong waved frequently to salute and salute the crowd who welcomed him.

In front of the stage of the theater, there were two rows of sofas. Mao Zedong, the heads of provinces, cities, and the Ministry of Public Security sat in the first row;When the show was about to start, someone suggested that the head of the cultural department should sit behind Mao Zedong and the head of the provincial party committee in case of questions.Mao Zedong asked: "What is this opera called? Where is it spread?" The person in charge replied: "It was originally called 'Ningguo Flower Drum Opera', but now it is called 'Wannan Flower Drum Opera'. It is popular in Ningguo and Xuancheng counties." Mao Zedong paused and said : "Ningguo and Xuancheng were called Wanling in the Han Dynasty!" Mao Zedong said again:

"Yes," "Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms set up Ningguo County, and Song Zu changed it to Ningguo Mansion, right?" "Yes, Chairman." After a while, Mao Zedong said to himself: "There is also a Ningguo Mansion'?" He said with a faint smile.Everyone listened silently, not sure whether Mao Zedong's question was related to "Ningguo Mansion" in "A Dream of Red Mansions", so no one answered directly... During the more than one hour party, Mao Zedong spoke very little, and his voice was very loud. Low, and rarely smokes, only two Chinese cigarettes.Occasionally speaking a few words of Hunan dialect with the comrade in charge of the Provincial Party Committee sitting on his left, he asked the person in charge of the Provincial Party Committee in a questioning tone: "The yield per mu is more than 1 catties, is there so much (high)?" The person in charge of the Provincial Party Committee did not answer directly , just say "check again".Mao Zedong seldom spoke since then, but sometimes he put down the cigarette in his hand and applauded gently for the earnest performances of two young actors, Geng Xinyue, who played "Patch", and Lu Lingxiang, who played "Sweeping Flowers", and said: " There is a Huagu opera in Hunan, and there is also a Huagu opera in southern Anhui, it seems that this opera cannot be separated from the drum!" The people beside him laughed.

Secretary of Nanyang Kao

"As the saying goes, three cobblers make one Zhuge Liang. Where is Zhuge Liang from? Do you know?"

In the autumn of 1958, Mao Zedong passed through Zhengzhou in Henan, walked to Xinxiang, and arrived in Xiangcheng County. He decided to visit Nanyang, which is 300 miles away from Xiangcheng.

Ten years ago, when the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated Nanyang, Mao Zedong personally wrote "Our Army Occupies Nanyang in the Central Plains" on November 1948, 11. War. Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han Dynasty, raised troops here, launched a war against the Wang Mang Dynasty, and founded the Later Han Dynasty. According to folklore, the 5 places, that is, the 28 main cadres of Liu Xiu, were mostly born in Nanyang.” To illustrate Strategic location in Nanyang.

Nanyang is an ancient cultural city with a long history, among which the scenic spots and historic sites are famous far and wide.

Wuhou Temple is located in Wolonggang in the west of Nanyang. It is said that Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Wuxiang in the Shu Han Dynasty, once worked here.The temple was built in the Tang and Song Dynasties and rebuilt in the Dade period of the Yuan Dynasty.During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Nanyang once found stone carvings inscribed on "Ten Scenes of Wolonggang" by predecessors in the ancestral hall. According to the stone carvings, there were Half Moon Platform, Laolong Cave, Yeyun Nunnery, Sangu Thatched Cottage, Xiaohong Bridge, Knee-Holding Stone, Gong The Geng Pavilion, Gubai Pavilion, Liang Wenyan, and Zhuge Well, together with the small gate, main hall, Qingfeng Tower, Sangu Hall, Guanzhang Hall, and Stone Archway of Wuhou Temple, constitute a magnificent ancient architectural complex.The inscription in the temple also has the "List of Teachers" written by Yue Fei.

This morning, the wind and the sun are beautiful.Mao Zedong arranged a time to meet the secretary from Nanyang.Mao Zedong was very enthusiastic and shook his hand to say hello to him.The other party was also very excited.

Everyone sit down.The secretary will begin to report from the beginning to the end according to the materials prepared in advance.After speaking, he waited for Mao Zedong to ask him some questions.

Mao Zedong calmly lit a cigarette, took a puff, smiled and said: "Your Nanyang, formerly known as Wancheng, is an ancient town, a place where dragons and tigers are hidden! There is a Wolonggang in Nanyang, and it is said that Zhuge Liang once lived in seclusion there. Zhuge Liang, capable man! As the saying goes, three cobblers make one Zhuge Liang. Where is Zhuge Liang from? Do you know?"

(End of this chapter)