plain book

Chapter 16 Interpretation of Plain Books (14)
[Interpretation] He who wins people wins the world. In the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang used Han Xin, Yingbu, and Peng Yue to achieve great success.The famous President of General Motors said: You can take away all my property, but as long as I keep my organization personnel, I can earn back all the lost property within 5 years.The key to success is not the question of "what", but the question of "who".Tang Taizong believed that "the foundation of security lies in winning people".

The way of employing people is very mysterious, and the key lies in the four words "eclectic".Everyone is a genius, and we should use our strengths and weaknesses.Tozo Kawaguchi of Japan put forward the idea of ​​"making good use of shortcomings" in the book "Invention Science", and emphasized: "It can even be considered that how much human beings can achieve is related to whether they can make good use of shortcomings."

When Kodak Corporation of the United States manufactures photosensitive materials, it needs someone to work in the darkroom, but once a person with normal vision enters the darkroom, he is as at a loss as a driver driving a vehicle out of control.In response to this situation, someone suggested that blind people are used to living in the dark, and if blind people are allowed to do this kind of work, work efficiency will definitely be improved.Therefore, the manager of Kodak Company ordered that all the staff in the darkroom be replaced by blind people.

[Original] Wealth is ushered in, and poverty is abandoned.

Wang said: "Wealth starts from diligence and thrift. The time has not come, but it can be done in advance. Be frugal and operate the way of making money. The family will be rich and not lose its place. Poverty is born of laziness, love of luxury and indulgence. Focus on the basics, the family will be poor, and the time will be lost."

【Interpretation】Timing is very important to the success or failure of a career. Only by doing the right thing at the right time can success be guaranteed.If the timing is missed, no matter how good the project is, it will not succeed.For example, in agricultural production, the plan of the year lies in spring. The key is to sow seeds at the right time in spring, so that there will be harvest in autumn and life will be rich; Grass.

Everyone's success is created by a series of internal and external opportunities. Without these opportunities, no matter how talented you are, you can only be "empty and sad".For example, the character Zhang Liang in the Han Dynasty, the social turmoil in the last years of the Qin Dynasty provided him with a successful social environment, but if he hadn’t met that strange old man who passed him a "Su Shu", he would have the opportunity to improve his inner self-cultivation. Because, I am afraid it is difficult to succeed.

For another example, as far as science is concerned, large opportunities in a subject area may occur once in hundreds of years, and medium opportunities may occur only in decades or decades.Great opportunities are created by history and society, and major breakthroughs in the history of science are all related to such great opportunities.If Edison was not born in his time, but was born 500 years earlier, then he could not have so many scientific inventions.If Einstein was born in the Tang Dynasty, he would not have thought of the theory of relativity.

Therefore, everything has its inevitability, but it is accidental who will achieve this inevitability.Marie Curie said it well: "The weak wait for the opportunity, the strong create the opportunity."A person's success has chances, but chances are discovered, caught and fully utilized, but it is by no means by chance.

[Original Code] There is no routine at the top, but there are many doubts at the bottom.

The note said: "Quietness is impermanent, moody and angry; people are suspicious, and they can't be at ease."

Wang said: "Emotions and anger are not constant, words are not sincere; hearts are not loyal, rewards and punishments are unclear. Actions are not definite, words are not loyal and sincere. Life is full of doubts, and careers are difficult."

[Interpretation] The way to be an official is to be calm, not to panic when encountering things, to be prudent in dealing with things, to be trustworthy in words, and to behave decently.Officials in ancient times had to learn the eight-character step, focusing on a stable character, which is called official style.And those leaders who are eager for quick success, chaotic, moody, and change from day to day often give people the feeling of being unreliable and untrustworthy. Subordinates will often guess the leader's intentions, and suspicion will inevitably arise over time.

In fact, whether a person is successful or not depends not only on how much he has accomplished, but ultimately depends on how high his personal cultivation is and whether he can be learned and used for reference.Although many people have made some achievements, but due to their limited cultivation, whether it is talent, integrity, or morality, they are not well known by others, and such people cannot be considered successful.For example, Feng Dao in the Five Dynasties period, although he was the prime minister of the Five Dynasties and did a lot of good things, but because of his lack of integrity, he was rarely mentioned in history, let alone a successful life.

In terms of personal cultivation, the most important thing is to be stable, always maintain inner peace, and not be moved by external forces. This is what Mencius said: "Wealth and honor cannot be promiscuous, poverty and lowliness cannot be moved, and might cannot be subdued." After reaching this level, no matter who it is, it is a successful life.

In the eyes of the great philosopher Laozi, calmness and prudence are also important criteria for personal cultivation.He said: "If you pay attention to your roots, you will lose your roots if you are quiet, and if you are quiet, you will lose your roots, and if you are impatient, you will lose your king." To live in the world calmly and do nothing is the foundation of being a human being.

[Original Code] Lighten the sin of the upper life, and humiliate the lower without relatives.

The note said: "It's rude to be light, but no grace to be insulted."

Wang said: "To be a king, you should be sincere and respectful; if you are contemptuous, you will be held accountable. To appease the people, you can show deep kindness and generous benefits; to be arrogant to others, you will definitely invite their resentment. If you despise the superior, you will be punished; If you bully others, you will never have a blind date."

【Interpretation】An orderly society is facilitated by many specific norms. Respecting superiors and loving subordinates is a part of the entire social order. Disrupting the order will cause chaos, and in minor cases, you will be punished. If it is serious, you will die.

When people read history, they often hate the emperor for slaughtering heroes after his great success, and they sigh that "the cunning rabbit dies, the running dog cooks; the flying birds are exhausted, and the good bow is hidden".But who knows that many ministers made great achievements after their success and fame, and even took credit for their contempt. As a result, they committed the "misdemeanor crime" and were eventually killed.Liu Bang in the Han Dynasty originally set the rule that "different surnames cannot be kings", but Han Xin forced Liu Bang to make him king when the war was at its most critical, directly challenging the leadership's authority.Although Liu Bang satisfied Han Xin's wish from the overall situation, he still held a grudge and finally killed him.

In the world of advanced primates, we often see each other grooming each other. In biology, this is called "ordering". By combing hair, we can determine the status of each monkey in the group and the relationship between each other. relation.The more gregarious animals are, the more complex their interrelationships will be, and the greater the role of "order" will be.

Therefore, for human beings, and even for a unit, "order" is the cornerstone of stability and the foundation of a unit's cohesion.Although sometimes this "order" is unreasonable and needs to be continuously improved, it can only be done gradually, and a sudden change is a revolution.The price of revolution is generally unbearable.

[Original Code] Close ministers are not important, and distant ministers are light.

Note: "The King of Huainan said: Going to Pingjin Hou is like deaf ears."

Wang said: "If a ruler is not holy, rites will decline, and the law will be chaotic; if ministers do not control the government, the country will be in danger. The king cannot practice virtue in administration, and the ministers will not be cautious; the ministers will lose respect and respect, and they will be contemptuous. Obeying the king's order is far from respecting the court; the king must know it."

【Interpretation】The president of a company doesn't trust his vice president, and he doubts it when he uses it. This is called "near ministers are not important".Such a vice president has no prestige in the department he manages, and the middle-level leaders look down on him. This is called "distant officials look down on him".

When the original emperor sent ministers to work at the grassroots level, they always gave them the title of "imperial envoy" in order to strengthen the authority of the dispatched cadres and form a deterrent force.In a country or a unit, it is impossible for the top leaders to make decisions at the highest level. They must be responsible and implemented at all levels in order to form a joint force.

After Liu Bei of the Three Kingdoms had Zhuge Liang, he basically didn't manage specific affairs, and all powers were delegated. Even when the two sworn brothers Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang had disputes, they were able to maintain Zhuge Liang's authority.

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the father Yan proposed the "Decree of Tweeting Grace", which means that the fiefdoms of the princes and kings will be subdivided, which is to reduce the power of the princes and kings by reducing the size of the big country and reducing the small country to nothing.Therefore, he was reused by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and achieved the official position of Zhongdafu, but the princes and kings hated him to the bone, but there was no way.When the master father Yan fell out of favor, all the ministers fell into trouble one after another. Liu Chang, king of Huainan, said: "It's easy to get rid of the master father Yan." Sure enough, soon after, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty punished his family.Before the father died, there were thousands of guests, but no one came to collect his body after his death, and only Ming Kongche buried him.

【Original】Self-doubt does not trust others, self-confidence does not doubt others.

The note said: "Darkness. Brightness."

Wang said: "Being suspicious, not trusting honest and honest words, is darkness; if you are honest, you will not doubt sages, this is wisdom."

【Interpretation】Anyone who always doubts others is because he doesn't even believe in himself.On the contrary, those who have full confidence in themselves generally do not doubt others.

In history, the dynasty most suspicious of its subjects may be the Ming Dynasty.The emperors of various dynasties in the Ming Dynasty were always suspicious and worried about anyone, and many ministers were killed unjustly.Later research showed that there may be a mental genetic disease in the family of Emperor Zhu in the dynasty.This disease caused the royal family of the Ming Dynasty to have a morbid mentality, doubting everyone and everything.

Everyone is a treasure house, and self-confidence is the only tool to dig out this treasure house. As long as you fully believe in yourself, nothing is impossible.The famous orator in ancient Greece, Demosthenes, was originally suffering from a stuttering disease. He stuttered and had a weak voice when he was young. He was often booed when he made his speeches.He has always had a lot of confidence in himself. In order to overcome the disease, he held pebbles in his mouth every morning and yelled for practice, and finally became an eloquent and refutable orator.

Helen Keller, a famous American female writer, is well-known at home and abroad for her works.But who knew that she was deaf and blind due to illness in her childhood, and was a disabled person.But she is self-confident and self-improving. At the age of 14, she mastered multiple foreign languages ​​and is proficient in German, French, ancient Roman, and Greek literature. At the age of 20, he was admitted to the famous Harvard University.

Only those who are confident can look at the world and others with a more peaceful view. Only those who are confident can succeed.

[Original Code] A man who is in vain has no true friends.

Note: "Li Fengji's friends are the disciples of 'Eight Passes' and 'Sixteen Sons'."

Wang said: "A flatterer and treacherous person will have no sincere friends."

[Interpretation] The original meaning of vain is crooked or unrighteous, so it is said in "Shuowen": "Wonderful, crooked." The vain refers to those villains with evil intentions. In the circle of such people, there will be no There are people of integrity, or friends of sincerity.

The ancient Greek playwright Euripides once said: "What kind of person you make, what kind of friends you make." There is a similar saying in China that "like attracts like, and people form like groups". Similar people will eventually come together.In interpersonal communication, the most important thing is not character, but character.Liu Guanzhang in the Three Kingdoms period had very different personalities, but their similar personalities made them sworn brothers in Taoyuan.

In the mid-Tang Dynasty, there was a minister named Li Fengji, who belonged to the "vain scholar". History books say that he was "restrained by nature, treacherous and treacherous", and he seemed to be a sinister and cunning person.When he was in power, he formed a huge network of relationships by forming cliques for private interests and excluding dissidents, and the people in this network were almost all good people, known as "eight pass and sixteen sons".Anyone who wants to ask Li Fengji must first bribe these people. As long as the money is enough, there is nothing that cannot be done.

[Original] There is no straight down in the song.

The note said: "The ministers of Emperor Yuan are Hong Gong and Shi Xian."

Wang said: "A king who is not benevolent and has no principles will have no people who can directly advise him. A man without good friends will not be able to stand up; a king without a virtuous minister will be in danger."

【Interpretation】As the saying goes, "If the upper beam is not upright, the lower beam will be crooked". What kind of leader there is, there will be what kind of subordinates.The development of a unit's ethos mainly depends on the character of the leader.If the leader is overjoyed, the whole unit will be filled with a serious style of boasting.This is called "what the superior likes, the people must like it".

Once upon a time, there was a bad habit of ostentation and extravagance in the state of Jin. Jin Wengong took the lead in correcting it with a simple and frugal style. He never wore expensive silk in his clothes, and he never ate more than two kinds of meat. .Soon after, people in the state of Jin wore coarse farm clothes and ate brown rice.

King Ling of Chu likes a slender waist.Therefore, the ministers of the DPRK and China were afraid of losing their favor and trust, so they did not dare to eat more, so they changed their three meals a day to only one meal.Get up every day to get dressed, first hold your breath, and then tighten your belt.After a long time, each of them was dizzy with hunger and could only stand up by holding on to the wall.A year later, all civil and military officials in the Manchu Dynasty had become sallow and emaciated waste.

In the paintings or murals of the Tang Dynasty that we see now, the ladies are all plump, which can almost become the aesthetic standard of people in the Tang Dynasty.However, the women in the paintings of the early Tang Dynasty are not like this, but very delicate.It turns out that this trend originated from Tang Xuanzong, the romantic emperor of the Tang Dynasty, who fell in love with Concubine Yang.It is said that Yang Guifei Yang Yuhuan's body is very plump, and some people use the words "fat, thick and beautiful, warm and graceful".In this way, the ups and downs worked, and the aesthetic standards of the Tang Dynasty changed accordingly, leaving behind many images of fat beauties with various poses, bold attire, and optimism.

[Original] There are no wise men in a dangerous country, and no good men in a chaotic government.

The note said: "It's not because there are sages and good people that they can't be used."

Wang said: "If a slanderous person is in power, and if he relies on evil and harms the loyal and good, his country will be in danger. When a gentleman is in the field, he has no name and position and cannot administer. If a wise man is obtained to assist the emperor in administration, will he be in danger of peril? A benevolent person will not be in danger." His position is difficult to control the government and speak out. If the king is not holy, his government will be chaotic."

【Interpretation】In a world where bandits are rampant, it must be a time of social turmoil.In a chaotic company, everyone is suspected of being a villain.The times are pressing, and people can only move according to the times and act according to the situation.

Human nature is inherently good, and everyone can become a saint and a kind person, but why are there still various forms in the world?It is entirely caused by the size and environment.A good root is like a seed, which will have completely different results when placed in different soils. Some may grow smoothly, while others may be distorted, depending on the environment in which the seed lives.Even in the same macroenvironment, each seed's own microenvironment can play a decisive role.So there are no two identical trees in the world.

Some people say that human nature is determined by genes. In fact, genes cannot completely determine whether a person is good or bad. People's subjective initiative is more important than genes.There is a desire in our hearts to integrate into the society and the environment, so we will change ourselves unconsciously. Everyone is actually a changed self.

During the "Cultural Revolution", the human nature of the Chinese people changed drastically, not because human nature is inherently evil, but because of the environment.

[Original] Those who love deeply are eager to seek talents, and those who are happy to be worthy support others well.

The note says: "People cannot love themselves, they treat the virtuous and love them; people cannot support themselves, they treat the virtuous and support them."

Wang said: "If you want to govern the country and secure the people, you must have good ministers and good ministers. For example, the Duke of Zhou took the lead and assisted the king, or combed his hair or was eating. When he heard that there was a guest, he shook his hair three times and vomited his food three times, waiting to welcome him. Desire To achieve major national affairs, such as Duke Zhou worrying about the country and loving the virtuous, the good name is still legendary.

Gathering people must be kind and righteous, and nurturing virtuous people must be rewarded; if kindness and righteousness gather people, they will sacrifice their lives to repay each other when they are in danger.Paying attention to salary and nurturing talents, no matter the state affairs must be done in an upright manner.For example, Mr. Mengchang kept three thousand guests, and there were chickens and dogs and robbers, all of whom were respectful and respected.Afterwards he was in trouble, the pigs stole the solitary fur of the Qin state, the rooster crowed at Hangu Pass, and he was spared and returned to his own country.It is said that Mr. Mengchang can raise virtuous people. "

【Interpretation】Anyone who is overly narcissistic and self-loving must have no one else in his chest. "Love" is a kind of mind. In a big sense, it is a sense of mission to serve the people, and in a small sense, it is a sense of responsibility to make people around you succeed.Only those who "love people" can have great ambitions, and they must achieve what they want to benefit the people. The deeper the "love", the greater the motivation to achieve career.

And anyone who plans things must first plan for others, and a poor commander cannot conquer the world.And anyone who employs people will definitely support them generously, such as high-ranking officials and generous salaries, decentralization of power and ability to support them, and gathering people with kindness and righteousness.Use but not nourish, nourish but not thicken, centrifuge up and down.

(End of this chapter)