Three Character Classic · Hundred Family Surnames · Thousand Character Characters · Disciple Guidanc

Chapter 10
"Hundred Family Surnames" is one of the books that children in ancient times had to read when they were enlightened, and it is also the longest and most widely circulated elementary school textbook in China. "Hundred Family Surnames" is a book about Chinese surnames. The original "Hundred Family Surnames" listed 430 eight surnames, all of which are relatively common. Easy to read and memorize.It was written and popularized earlier than the "Three Character Classic". Although its content has no literary theory, it is easy to learn and remember. important position in. In 2009, "Hundred Surnames" was included by the China Association of World Records as the earliest surname book in China.

As for the author of the book, there is no conclusion at present. It is generally believed that it was compiled by a Hangzhou native in the early Northern Song Dynasty. "Hundred Surnames" begins with "Zhao Qian", because the emperor of the Song Dynasty was surnamed Zhao, and Hangzhou was the capital of the Wuyue Kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and the king of Wuyue was surnamed Qian.Since the publication of "Hundred Surnames", it has become an essential enlightenment book for ancient children. It is well-known and passed down from generation to generation. There are also imitations, adaptations, additions, and annotations for it. In the evolution of history, "Hundred Family Surnames" provides an important textual basis for people to find the origin of the lineage, establish a sense of belonging in the sense of blood relatives, and help people understand the traditional blood relationship complex, which is indispensable for self-knowledge and family history. cultural blueprint.

With a simple surname, we can see not only history and politics, but also many things about culture and folklore.The Chinese are the most root-seeking ethnic group in the world, so the ancients educated children, first of all let him know his name and name, and only after a person understands his own roots can he love his family and country more.Today's social development has brought about great changes in family forms and the concept of surnames.However, letting children understand my country's unique surname culture is still an indispensable part of children's early education.Because the traditional thought of emphasizing clan and family contained in Chinese surname culture can strengthen their family concept and make them feel closer to their family members.In addition, it is also very beneficial to expand cultural horizons, because these common senses are an important part of Chinese traditional culture.

Zhao Qian Sun Li Zhou Wu Zheng Wang Feng Chen Chuwei Jiang Shen Han Yang
Zhao

[surname origin]

The coachman of King Mu of Zhou was named Zaofu, who was a descendant of Boyi, the ancestor of the surname Ying. When King Mu went on tour, Zaofu often drove the chariot.When King Xu Yan in the southeast rebelled, Zaofu drove thousands of miles a day, so that King Mu rushed back to the capital in time to put down the rebellion.Zaofu was meritorious in driving a chariot, and King Mu of Zhou gave him the city of Zhao, and the descendants of Zaofu took Zhao as their surname.

【celebrity】

Zhao Kuangyin, namely Song Taizu, was born in Zhuozhou (now Zhuo County, Hebei Province).He was originally a general in the Later Zhou Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, and later launched the "Chenqiao Mutiny" to seize power and establish the Song Dynasty.During his reign, he strengthened the centralized rule and took many effective measures to end the situation of melee and separatism in China for many years.

money

[surname origin]

Derived from the surname Peng, it is a surname named after an official position.According to legend, Peng Zu is a descendant of Zhuanxu's great-great-grandson, one of the five emperors. Peng Fu's grandson served as a sergeant in the Qian family and was in charge of finances, so he took his official position as his family.It is also said that Peng Zu's surname was Huang and his first name was Keng, and his descendants changed the surname Qian from the initials of Zhu.

【celebrity】

Qian Yiben, a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu, was a Yi scholar in the Ming Dynasty.From the official to the censor.He is proficient in the Four Books and Five Classics, and once lectured at Donglin College with Gu Xiancheng.

孙

[surname origin]

First, it originated from the name of Huisun, the son of Wei Wugong in the Spring and Autumn Period, and his descendants took Sun as their surname; Yu Sun's surname.

【celebrity】

Sun Wu, a famous military strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period, wrote "Sun Tzu's Art of War".

Sun Yat-sen, whose real name is Sun Wen, alias Zhongshan Qiao, and is known as Mr. Zhongshan in the world, is a modern democratic revolutionist and an advocate of the Three People's Principles.

Plum

[surname origin]

One of the most populous surnames in China originated from Gao Tao, who was in charge of prisons during the reign of Emperor Yao and Shun, and his descendants took Li as their surname.His descendants were persecuted and exiled during the reign of King Zhou of Yin. They fled and ate plums to satisfy their hunger. Later, they changed their surname to Li.Also, Emperor Li Yuan of the Tang Dynasty, Li was the surname of the country. During his reign, many meritorious families were awarded the surname Li.

【celebrity】

Li Er, that is, Laozi, was born in the Spring and Autumn Period.Philosophers and thinkers.Founder of Taoism.

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, founded the "Government of Zhenguan" during his reign.

Li Bai, courtesy name Taibai, nicknamed Qinglian Jushi.Tang Dynasty poet, known as "Poetry Immortal".

week

[surname origin]

Ji Lie, the son of King Ping of Zhou, was enshrined in Ruzhou (now Henan Province). The local people called him Zhou's family, so he took Zhou as his surname.The descendants who did not change their surnames changed Ji's surname to Zhou's surname during the Tang Xuanzong period because they avoided the taboo of "Ji".Also, Qin destroyed the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and demoted King Nan to a commoner, and his family was also called the Zhou family.

【celebrity】

Zhou Yu, the governor of the Eastern Wu of the Three Kingdoms, joined forces with Liu Bei to defeat Cao Cao's 80 troops. The Battle of Chibi created an example of the weak defeating the strong.

Zhou Shuren, namely Lu Xun, a great writer, thinker and revolutionist.He studied medicine in Japan in his early years.Later, he abandoned medicine and devoted himself to literature, and wrote works such as "Scream" and "Wandering", known as "China's national soul".

Zhou Enlai, a native of Huai'an, Jiangsu.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was the first Premier of the State Council.

Wu

[surname origin]

Taibo, the eldest son of Duke Tai of Zhou, and his second son Zhongyong, the father of Gu Gong, went out to the south of the Yangtze River and established their capital in Yumeili (now Wuxi, Jiangsu), named Gou Wu.After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, after King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Zhang, the third grandson of the Taibo, was granted the title of vassal, and the name of the country was changed to Wu, and the descendants took the name of the country.The other branch is the descendant of Yu Zhong, the son of the ancient Duke. Yu was connected to Wu, so it is the surname.There are also Wu surnames in the Qilu area, mostly after Wu Jizha.

【celebrity】

Wu Cheng'en, courtesy name Ruzhong, nicknamed Sheyangshanren, was born in Shanyang, Huai'an in the Ming Dynasty.Author of "Journey to the West", one of the four famous novels.

Zheng

[surname origin]

Derived from the surname Ji, the surname is the name of the country.According to records, King Xuan of Zhou entrusted his younger brother Ji You to the state of Zheng (in the east of Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province today) as Duke Huan of Zheng.The son of Duke Huan, Duke Wu of Zheng, moved his capital to Xinzheng, and it became the State of Zheng, one of the powerful states in the Spring and Autumn Period.After the Warring States Period, it was destroyed by South Korea.His descendants took the original country name Zheng as their surname.

【celebrity】

Zheng He, formerly known as Ma Sanbao, was born in Kunyang, Yunnan Province in the Ming Dynasty.He has made seven voyages to the West, which is known in history as "Zheng He's Voyages to the West".

王

[surname origin]

One originates from the descendants of Jizi and Bigan during the Shang Dynasty. After King Wu of Zhou destroyed Shang, he changed his surname to Wang.According to legend, among the descendants of the ancient emperor Yushun, there is Qi Wang Tianhe.After Qi was destroyed, Wang's surname was subsequently used.The third origin is that after the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six kingdoms, the defeated kings took refuge everywhere and lived scattered all over the world. By the beginning of the Han Dynasty, they changed their surnames to kings in anonymity.The fourth originates from the Xianbei nationality in the Western Wei Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the surname was changed to the Wang surname after the Kepo family.

【celebrity】

Wang Xizhi, courtesy name Yishao, was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Good at cursive, official script, line, regular script, etc.Author of "Lanting Collection Preface", known as "the best running script in the world", his calligraphy has been admired by calligraphers of all dynasties, and he is called "the sage of calligraphy" by later generations.

Feng

[surname origin]

Derived from the Ji surname, with the country as the surname.According to records, after King Wu of Zhou destroyed Shang, King Wen Bigong and Ji Gao were enfeoffed in Fengcheng.His descendants took Feng as their surname.There is also the Spring and Autumn Period, after Feng Jianzi, the doctor of Zheng Guo.

【celebrity】

Feng Xuan, a native of Qi during the Warring States period, was one of the diners of Lord Mengchang.It is famous for "no fish to eat, no car to go out, and singing while playing clips", which was appreciated by Mr. Mengchang.Later, he collected debts for Lord Mengchang in Xuecheng, and collected creditors to burn his bonds, which made Xue people feel the virtue of Lord Mengchang.

Feng Menglong, whose characters are Youlong and Ziyou.A native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, he was a litterateur in the Ming Dynasty.Representative works include the novels "Jing Shi Tong Yan", "Yu Shi Ming Yan" and "Xing Shi Heng Yan", and the three words are famous all over the world.

Chen

[surname origin]

After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he enfeoffed the descendant of Emperor Shun, Hu Gongman (surnamed 妫) in Chen Guo (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province), and married his daughter to him to serve Shun's ancestral temple.Later Hu Gong's descendants took the country's name as their surname.The second is from the change of the surname of the Xianbei people.During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Hou Mo and the three-character surnamed Chen changed their surname to Chen after they moved their capital to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen.The third originates from the descendants of the king Chen in ancient Annan (now Vietnam).

【celebrity】

Chen Sheng, courtesy name She, was born in Yangcheng (now Dengfeng, Henan).During the period of Qin II, the people of the world suffered from the harsh taxes imposed by the Qin government. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led an uprising and established themselves as the king of Chu.

Chen Shou, a native of the Jin Dynasty, historian, and author of "Three Kingdoms".

Chen Yi, whose dharma name is Xuanzang, is Tang Monk.Go west to Tianzhu (now India) to learn Buddhist scriptures and translate a large number of Buddhist works, and Buddhism flourishes.Wu Cheng'en took his experience as the blueprint, after deduction, wrote the novel "Journey to the West".

Chen Yuanyuan, originally named Xing Yuan, styled Wanfen, followed by her adoptive grandmother's surname Chen.A famous prostitute in Gusu, concubine of Wu Sangui.

褚

[surname origin]

One originates from the land of Chu in ancient times, and those who live in it are considered surnames.The second stems from the use of official names and surnames.Duan Shi, the son of Song Gonggong, a descendant of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, was picked in Chuyi.In the later Spring and Autumn Period, there was an official of Chu Shi, so the official name Chu was used as the surname.

【celebrity】

Chu Suiliang, courtesy name Dengshan, was born in Qiantang, Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and was good at calligraphy.During the period of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, he was named the Duke of Henan County, known as "Chu Henan".Official to Shangshu Youpushe, because he opposed Tang Gaozong's establishment of Empress Wu Zetian, he was demoted repeatedly and died in depression.Together with Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan and Xue Ji, they were called the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty.

guard

[surname origin]

One originates from the name of the country.The ninth son of King Wen of Zhou was conferred in Kangyi, known as Uncle Kang.After King Wu of Zhou quelled the Wu Geng Rebellion, the seven clans of the Yin people were ruled by Uncle Kang, who established Weiguo (now Qixian County, Henan).After Qin destroyed Wei, the descendants took the original country's name Wei as their surname.The second stems from the change of the surname of the Xianbei people in history. The descendants of the Xianbei people entered the Central Plains and changed their surnames to Wei.

【celebrity】

Wei Qing, courtesy name Zhongqing, was born in Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi), and was a military strategist in the Western Han Dynasty.A famous general in the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he made many military exploits in defeating the Xiongnu, and his official rank was Changpinghou.

蒋

[surname origin]

In the Zhou Dynasty, Bo Ling, the son of Zhou Gongdan, was granted the title of Jiang State, and after being destroyed by Chu State, his descendants took the original country name Jiang as their surname.

【celebrity】

Chiang Kai-shek, courtesy name Zhongzheng, formerly known as Ruiyuan, scientific name Zhiqing, was born in Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province.He once studied in Japan, and after returning to China, he served as the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy and the commander of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army.Later, he was the main leader of the party, government and army when the Kuomintang was in power.

Sink

[surname origin]

In the early Zhou Dynasty, Ji Zai, the tenth son of King Wen of Zhou, was granted the title of Shen (now Pingyu County, Henan).The descendants take the name of the country.The second originates from the descendants of Shen Guo, a vassal state in the Zhou Dynasty.

【celebrity】

Shen Kuo, whose characters are preserved, was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou County, Zhejiang Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty.Representative works include "Mengxi Bi Tan", "Changxing Collection" and so on.

Shen Zhou, whose name is Qinan, and whose names are Shitian, Baishiweng, etc.Born in Changzhou (now Wu County, Jiangsu Province) in the Ming Dynasty, he was a calligrapher.Representative works include "Ishitian Collection", "Ishitian Poetry Notes", "Guest News" and so on.Shen Zhou, Tang Yin, Wen Zhengming, and Qiu Ying are collectively known as the Four Great Masters of the Ming Dynasty.

Han

[surname origin]

The descendants of King Zhou Cheng's younger brother Shu Yu were granted the title of Hanyuan (now Hancheng, Shaanxi) on behalf of Bi Wan, and his descendants took Han as their surname.The second stems from the name of the country.During the Warring States period, South Korea, one of the Seven Heroes, after the three families were divided into Jin Dynasty, King Weilie of Zhou was named a prince, and Yangdi (now Xinzheng, Henan) was established as the capital.Later, after South Korea was destroyed by Qin Dynasty, some of its descendants took Han as their surname.The third originated from the Dahan family in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and later took Han as the surname.

【celebrity】

Han Fei, nicknamed Han Feizi.One of the princes of Korea during the Warring States Period.He studied hard because his advice was not accepted, and later wrote more than [-] articles, with outstanding articles, and he is a master of materialist philosophy and legalism.When the King of Qin conquered Han, he was slandered by Li Si and others because of his appreciation of the King of Qin, and he died in prison.

Han Xin, Han Huaiyin (now Huai'an, Jiangsu), a military strategist.There are a lot of tactical allusions left: repairing plank roads in the open, crossing Chencang secretly, besieged on all sides, ambush on all sides, etc.Captured Wei and destroyed Zhao, surrendered Yan to attack Qi, achieved brilliant results, and was named King of Qi.Suspecting his betrayal, Emperor Gaozu conferred the title of Marquis of Huaiyin in Xianyang, and was eventually killed by Empress Lu.

Han Yu, courtesy name Tuizhi, was born in Tangheyang (now Meng County, Henan).His ancestors lived in Changli for generations, so he called himself Changli Han Yu, and wrote "Han Changli Collection", "Waiji" and so on.The head of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Han Liu".

Yang

[surname origin]

King Wu of Zhou enfeoffed his younger brother Shu Yu in Tangyi (Yicheng, Shanxi), and his son Ji Shu was enfeoffed as Marquis Yang by Emperor Zhou Kang, and his descendants took Guo as their surname.Second, it originated from the surname of the Di people in the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms. The Di people had the surname Yang and lived in Qiuchi (now Qiuchi Mountain, Gansu Province).The third was changed by the Mo Hulu family in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

【celebrity】

Yang Jian, namely Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, was the founding emperor of the Sui Dynasty.

Yang Ye, formerly known as Jiye, was born in Taiyuan in the Song Dynasty and was a military strategist.He was brave and good at fighting all his life, and he surrendered to the Song Dynasty to fight against the Liao Dynasty. Later, because he was trapped and no reinforcements came, he died without eating for three days after being captured.The descendants of the Yang family have always served the Northern Song Dynasty, guarding the frontier, and the stories of the loyalty and bravery of the generals of the Yang family have also been passed down to future generations.

Yang Zhenning, from Hefei, Anhui.Graduated from Southwestern Associated University, Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, Chinese-American physicist.He has served as a lecturer at the University of Chicago and a researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics at Princeton. In 1957, he and Li Zhengdao won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their viewpoint of "parity non-conservation in weak interactions".

Zhu Qin You Xu He Lu Shi Zhang Kong Cao Yan Hua Jin Wei Tao Jiang
Zhu

[surname origin]

King Wu of Zhou sealed Cao Xie in Zhudi (now Zou County, Shandong).Later, it was destroyed by King Xuan of Chu, and his descendants took the name of the original country to Quqian (Tongyi) as Zhu's surname.The second originates from the Xianbei surnames Kezhuhun and Zhu Kehun in the Northern Wei Dynasty. After moving the capital to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, they were changed to Zhu.

【celebrity】

Zhu Xi, born in Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi) in the Southern Song Dynasty, is a famous thinker, philosopher and Neo Confucianist.Representative works include "Four Books Chapters Collection Notes", "Chu Ci Collection Notes" and so on.He has edited, written, and described many books. In the imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the "Four Books" annotated by Zhu Xi was used as a standard to select scholars.

Zhu Yuanzhang, Ming Taizu, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Ziqing, courtesy name Peixian, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.After graduating from Peking University, he went to the University of London for further study.Representative works include "Back View", "Classic Talk" and so on.He has successively served as a professor and head of the Department of Chinese Literature at Tsinghua University, focusing on literary creation and research.

秦

[surname origin]

Zhou Gongdan's son, Boqin, was enfeoffed in the State of Lu, and his descendants took the official family's official food and collected it in Qinyi (now Fanxian County, Henan Province), and took the town's name Qin as his surname.The second stems from Sun Feizi, a descendant of Boyi after the surname Ying, who was entrusted to Qin by King Xiao of Zhou. When Qin destroyed the six countries, his descendants took the name of the country.The third originates from Qin Lun, a businessman from the ancient Great Qin (Roman Empire), who entered Wu State by sea, met Sun Quan, and then returned to Wu State to follow the Romans.

【celebrity】

Qin Guan, courtesy name Shaoyou and Taixu, nicknamed Huaihai Jushi, was born in Gaoyou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) in the Northern Song Dynasty.Literary writer, poet, official to doctor of Taixue, author of "Huaihai Collection".

Qin Hui, courtesy name Huizhi, was born in Song Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).During the period of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty, he was a prime minister with a sinister character, connected with Jin people, and was cruel enough to frame Yue Fei.

especially

[surname origin]

During the Five Dynasties, Wang Shenzhi was called the King of Fujian in Fujian.People whose surname is Fujian, in order to avoid the pronunciation taboo of Shen (the same pronunciation as Shen), remove the Shen character next to Sandianshui, and change the remaining half character to You surname.

【celebrity】

You Mao, courtesy name Yanzhi, nicknamed Suichu Layman.Song Wuxi people.He was extremely intelligent when he was young, and he later entered the Imperial Academy and became a Jinshi.He is the author of "Suichu Small Manuscript", etc., and is known as the "Four Poets of the Southern Song Dynasty" together with Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, and Lu You.

Xu

[surname origin]

After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Uncle Wen, a descendant of Boyi, was conferred the title of Uncle Xu by the State of Xu, known as Uncle Xu Wen.During the Spring and Autumn Period, under the pressure of Zheng, Chu and other countries, the capital was moved several times, and then it was destroyed by Chu in the early Warring States period, and its descendants had the surname Xu.The second originates from the legendary descendants of the sage Xu You during the period of Emperor Yao.

【celebrity】

Xu Shen, courtesy name Shuzhong, was born in Zhaoling, Runan (now Yancheng, Henan).A philologist and Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty.He is the author of "Five Classics" and "Shuowen Jiezi", among which "Shuowen Jiezi" is the first work in China to study Chinese characters, analyze the shape of characters and study the origin of characters, which has far-reaching influence.

what

[surname origin]

King Cheng of Zhou enfeoffed his younger brother Shuyu in Han, and his grandson Han Wangan, who originally lived in Hanyi and was destroyed by Qin State, his descendants took refuge in the Jianghuai area.In the pronunciation of Jianghuai, the sound of Han He is close, and then changed to He's surname.The second stems from the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when Kang was defeated by the Huns and moved to Central Asia, and established nine small countries (An, Cao, He, Kang, Shi, Mi, Shi, Huoxun, and Wu).Among Zhaowu's nine surnames is the He family.The third originates from He Miao, a man of the Han Dynasty, originally named Zhu, who was changed to He, and what his descendants took as their surname.The fourth origin is that in the Yuan Dynasty, Suo Nan, the envoy of Tubo Xuanwei, and his son Suo Ming, were given the surname He by the Zhu Ming Dynasty.

(End of this chapter)