Three Character Classic · Hundred Family Surnames · Thousand Character Characters · Disciple Guidanc

Chapter 26: A Thousand-Character Essay (1)
The enlightenment book "Cangjie Pian" appeared in the Qin Dynasty, and some enlightenment books appeared later, but the readability was limited.It was against this background that "Thousand Characters" came out.Because of its beautiful writing style, gorgeous rhetoric, and exquisite content, "Thousand Characters" has gradually become another outstanding primer for beginners after "Cangjie Pian", which is beyond the reach of any other primer for beginners.

"Thousand-Character Essay" was written in the Northern and Southern Dynasties when Emperor Wu of Liang, Zhou Xingsi, a servant of Sanqi, was ordered by the emperor to select 1000 characters from Wang Xizhi's calligraphy and compile it into a text, which was used to educate the royal descendants.Zhou Xingsi racked his brains and painstakingly compiled a classic work in the history of Chinese education and culture in one night, which is "Thousand Characters".The article has four characters and one sentence, rhymed and trimmed, catchy, easy to teach and recite, and unique in literary talent, it can be called a long poem for training Mongolia.Because the calligraphers of the past dynasties like to write "Thousand Characters", such as Song Huizong, Zhao Mengfu, etc., their works are widely spread, with different calligraphy styles and styles, and have a great influence, which undoubtedly promotes the spread of "Thousand Characters" among the people , Raised the popularity of "Thousand Characters" and left a great artistic treasure for the world.

"Thousand-Character Essay" melts all kinds of knowledge in one furnace in content, and unifies thoughts throughout the text, with clear context, refined language and exquisite conception.At the beginning, "Heaven and earth are mysterious and yellow, and the universe is prehistoric" is about natural phenomena, including astronomy and geography. A brief discussion of the matter, using it as an objective background, will naturally lead people into the discussion of social life, and then follow the "self-cultivation, Qi Confucian cultural tradition system of family, governing the country, and pacifying the world", concisely introduces the knowledge of nature, society, history and many other aspects that are closely related to people's lives, and expounds the long-standing principles of life in traditional Chinese culture.On the whole, its literary talent is brilliant, its eloquence is pleasant, informative and interesting, and it has been used as a must-read textbook for private school enlightenment since it was completed.As an influential work, it traveled across oceans and seas very early and spread all over the world. Versions in Japanese, English, French, Latin, and Italian have successively appeared.

天地玄黄[1]，宇宙洪荒[2]。日月盈[3]昃[4]，辰宿列张[5]。

【Note】

[1]玄黄：天刚亮时是玄青色，大地是黄土色。[2]洪荒：深阔浩渺。[3]盈：月圆。[4]昃（zè）：太阳西斜。[5]列张：排列分布。

【Translation】

The sky is blue, the earth is yellow, and the boundless universe was formed in a state of chaos.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, the sun rises and sets, the moon is full and the moon is waning, and the stars and stars are arranged in their own way.

Cold comes and summer goes, autumn harvests and winter hides.Runyu became a year old, and Lulu [1] tuned Yang.Clouds rise to rain, and dew turns to frost.

【Note】

[1] Lu Lu: In ancient China, an octave was divided into twelve semitones that were not exactly equal, and they were arranged in order from low to high, as twelve standard tones with different heights. "Six Laws", the even-numbered laws are called "Liu Lu", collectively called "Lu Lu".Use the twelve laws to correspond to the twelve months, and use the rhythm to adjust yin and yang.

【Translation】

Cold comes and summer goes, all year round.Harvest crops in autumn and store grain in winter.The calendar year is adjusted by leap month and leap day, and the rhythm is used to adjust the time sequence yin and yang.When the cloud evaporates, it turns into rain when it gets cold, and when the dew gets cold at night, it condenses into frost.

Jinsheng Lishui [1], jade out of Kungang.The sword is called Juque [2], and the bead is called night light [3].

【Note】

[1] Lishui: also known as Lijiang, Jinsha River, producing gold.Kungang: Kunlun Mountains. [2] Juque: One of the five swords cast by Ou Yezi, which is extremely sharp. The other four are named Chungou, Zhanlu, Moxie, and Yuchang. [3] Night light: It is said that Sui Hou rescued a wounded big snake, and the big snake took a luminous pearl in its mouth to repay him.It is said that the luminous beads come from the South China Sea and are transformed by the eyes of whales. They are orbs that can sparkle at night.

【Translation】

Gold is produced in the Jinsha River, and jade is produced in the Kunlun Mountains.The sharpest sword is called Juque, and the most precious pearl is called Yeguang.

Guozhen Li Nai [1], vegetable heavy mustard ginger.The sea is salty and the river is light, scales [2] latent feathers [3] Xiang [4].

【Note】

[1] 柰 (nài): Shaguo, that is, bonus. [2] Scale: generally refers to fish. [3] Feather: generally refers to birds. [4] Xiang: Fly.

【Translation】

Delicious fruits include plums and sand fruits, and nutritious vegetables include mustard greens and ginger.The sea water is salty, the river water is fresh, the fish swim in the water, and the birds soar in the sky.

Dragon Master [1] Fire Emperor [2], Bird Officer [3] Human Emperor [4].At the beginning of writing, it is clothing.

【Note】

[1] Longshi: Refers to the Fuxi family, because he named all officials with dragons, so he is called Longshi. [2] Fire Emperor: Refers to Shennong, because he named all officials with fire, known as Fire Emperor. [3] Niaoguan: Refers to Shaohao, because he named all officials with birds, so he is called Niaoguan. [4] Human Emperor: One of the legendary Three Emperors.It has nine heads, drives six big birds, and rides on a cloud chariot.

【Translation】

Dragon Master, Fire Emperor, Niaoguan, and Renhuang are all famous figures in ancient times.Cangjie created writing, and Leizu taught people how to make clothes.

There is danger [1] Tao Tang [2] to push the position and give way to the country.Zhou Fa [3] Yin Tang to suspend the people and punish crimes.

【Note】

[1] Youyu: Youyu clan, here refers to Shun, also known as Yushun.The leader of the ancient tribe. [2] Tao Tang: Tao Tang family, here refers to Yao, also known as Tang Yao.The leader of the ancient tribe. [3] Zhou Fa: The first monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Wu Wang Ji Fa, defeated the tyrant King Shang Zhou, destroyed Shang and established the Zhou Dynasty.

【Translation】

Those who abdicated the throne and the country to others were the sage kings Yu Shun and Tang Yao.Those who appease the people and crusade against tyrants were Zhou Wu Wang Ji Fa and Shang Wang Cheng Tang.

Sitting in the court and asking, the arch [1] Pingzhang [2].Aiyu Lishou [3], minister Furong Qiang.The far and near are one, and the guests [4] return to the king.

【Note】

[1] Hanging arch: Hanging clothes and hands, meaning not doing anything.It is used as a word to praise the emperor who ruled by doing nothing. [2] Pingzhang: It means to distinguish and show off, and to reward meritorious deeds. [3] Li Shou: Li Min people. [4] Rate Bin: The shore of the soil means within the four seas.

【Translation】

A sage king sits in the court hall and asks the ministers for the best way to govern the world. He hangs his clothes and hands, governs by doing nothing, evaluates the officials, and demonstrates his merits.He was able to love and love the people of the Li people, and made all the tribes such as the Rong and Qiang people bow their heads and proclaim themselves ministers.The whole world is unified, no matter how far or near, the four seas are one.

Mingfeng is in the bamboo, and the white horse canteen.Huaqui [1] vegetation [2], Lai [3] and Wanfang.

【Note】

[1] By: pervasive. [2] Vegetation: generally refers to everything in the world. [3] Lai: Hui, Li.

【Translation】

The phoenix sings cheerfully in the bamboo forest, the little white horse forages leisurely in the pasture, all the vegetation is bathed in the sunshine and rain of the peaceful and prosperous age, and the benevolent rule of the king benefits the people all over the world.

盖[1]此身发，四大[2]五常[3]。恭惟[4]鞠养[5]，岂敢毁伤。

【Note】

[1]盖：发语词，无实义。[2]四大：指地、水、风、火。[3]五常：指仁、义、礼、智、信。[4]恭惟：恭敬地思想。[5]鞠（jū）养：抚养，养育。

【Translation】

People's physical practice is related to the ethics of heaven and earth, and reverently thinking about the kindness of their parents' upbringing, how dare they easily damage their bodies.

Female admiration [1] is chaste, male effect [2] is good.If you know your mistakes, you must correct them, and you must never forget them.Don't talk about [3] He is short, and he relies on his own strengths.

【Note】

[1] Mu: Admiration. [2] Effect: Follow the example. [3] Talk about: Don't talk about it casually.

【Translation】

Women should admire chastity and keep it pure, and men should emulate those who have both talents.If you know that you have made a mistake, you must correct it, and if you have mastered a certain skill, you must not forget it.Don't talk about other people's shortcomings, and don't show off your strengths without thinking about making progress.

The messenger can be answered, but the desire is hard to measure.Ink [1] is sad and silk dyed [2], and the poem praises the lamb [3].

【Note】

[1] Mo: Mozi, named Zhai.Early Warring States thinker, statesman, founder of Mohist school. [2] Silk Dyeing: From Volume 3 of "Mo Zi Xian Gu", Mo Zi saw the silk dyed by those who dyed it, and lamented: "Dyeing in the green will make it green, and dyeing in yellow will make it yellow." Emphasizing the extreme impact of the environment on people important. [[-]] Lamb: It comes from the "lamb's skin" in "Poetry Zhaonan Lamb". In the text, the whiteness of lamb's wool is used to compare the noble character of a gentleman.

【Translation】

Credit must stand the test, and the bigger the measure, the better.Mozi lamented that the white silk was dyed with various colors, and the "Book of Songs" praised the noble character of a gentleman, just like the pure color of lamb's wool, which is always white.

Jing Xing [1] Wei Xian, Ke [2] Nian [3] as a saint.The name is established by virtue, and the shape is end table [4].

【Note】

[1] Jing Xing: It comes from "Poetry Xiaoya Che Jurisdiction" "Looking up at the high mountain, Jing Xingxing stops." It means to admire the moral words and deeds of sages, stand in line with them, and stand in a queue. [2] Gram: Can. [3] Nian: desire. [4] Table: appearance, instrument.

【Translation】

Only by looking up to the sages, admiring their virtues, and restraining one's selfish thoughts can one become a sage.When virtue is established, fame will naturally follow, just like when the body is dignified, the appearance will naturally be dignified.

The sound is transmitted in the empty valley, and the empty hall is used to listen.The cause of misfortune is evil, and the cause of fortune is good [1].Chibi [2] is not a treasure, while Cun Yin is a competition [3].

【Note】

[1] Xi: heavy. [2] Qing: It comes from "Yi·Kun·Classical": "A family that accumulates goodness, there must be Yuqing; a family that accumulates bad things, there must be disasters." [3] Bi: Round jade. [4] Competition: Competition.

【Translation】

A voice in an empty valley echoes, and a voice in an empty hall resonates.Disasters are the result of doing many evils, and happiness is the reward of doing good deeds.A beautiful jade with a diameter of one foot is not considered a treasure, but an inch of time is worth cherishing.

Capital [1] Father [2] Jun, said strict and respectful.Filial piety should do its best[3], and loyalty should do its best.

【Note】

[1] Capital: support. [2] Things: serve. [3] Do your best: do your best.

【Translation】

Serve your parents and serve your king with seriousness and respect.To be filial to one's parents is to do one's best, and to be loyal to one's king is to spare one's life.

临深履薄，夙兴[1]温凊[2]。似兰斯[3]馨[4]，如松之盛[5]。

【Note】

[1]夙兴：“夙兴夜寐”的省略语，意指早起晚睡。[2]温凊：“冬温夏凊”的省略语。凊，凉。[3]斯：这样。[4]馨（xīn）：芳香。[5]盛：挺拔茂盛。

【Translation】

Serve the monarch with the cautious attitude of facing the abyss and walking on thin ice, and serve the parents with the thoughtful heart of getting up early and going to bed late, warm in winter and cool in summer.Let the character be as fragrant as bluegrass, lush and long like pines and cypresses.

The stream is endless, Yuancheng [1] and Ying [2].Rong Zhi [3] If you think, your words are stable.

【Note】

[1] Yuancheng: The water is clear and clear. [2] Capture: It can be used for mapping. [3] Tolerance: Grooming and behavior.

【Translation】

The rivers flow continuously day and night, and the water in the deep pool is as clear as a mirror.The appearance and behavior should be calm and serene, and the speech should be calm and calm.

笃[1]初诚[2]美，慎终宜令。荣[3]业所基，籍甚[4]无竟[5]。

【Note】

[1] Benedict: Faithful, serious. [2] Cheng: Actually, indeed. [3] Rong: glory, glory. [4] Jiji: Grand. [5] Actually: Stop, exhaust.

【Translation】

It is good to be sincere and serious at the beginning, but it is commendable to be consistent and stick to the end.The foundation of the glory career lies in a solid foundation, and the future development will never end.

Xueyou [1] ascended to the official position, took up the post and entered politics.Save it with Gantang [2], go and benefit from it.

【Note】

[1] Excellence in learning: a phrase from "The Analects of Confucius" that "students who excel in learning lead to official career". [2] Gantang: From "Poetry Zhaonan Gantang": "Cover Fu Gantang, don't cut it down, don't cut it down, it's called by Zhao Bo." According to legend, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhao Bo visited the south and once under the Gantang tree Administration and office work, and later used "Gantang" to describe the praise of officials.

【Translation】

Those who excel in academics can become officials, and can exercise their powers and participate in state affairs.The people of Zhou missed Zhao Bo's benevolent government, and Zhao Bo had governed under the Gantang tree when he was alive.Although he has passed away, the people miss and praise him more and more.

Le Shu [1] Noble and humble, etiquette does not respect the humble [2].Up and down, the husband sings [3] and the woman follows [4].

【Note】

[1] Special: difference, different. [2] Etiquette distinguishes between superiority and inferiority: etiquette must distinguish between people's superiority and inferiority. [3] Sing: Advocate. [4] Follow: follow.

【Translation】

The use of musical instruments will vary according to people's status, and the exercise of etiquette will vary according to people's status.Up and down must live in harmony, husband and wife must sing and follow each other, harmonious and harmonious.

外受傅训[1]，入奉[2]母仪[3]。诸[4]姑伯叔，犹子[5]比儿。

【Note】

[1]傅训：师傅的训导，教诲。[2]奉：遵守。[3]仪：规矩礼仪。[4]诸：各位。[5]犹子：侄子。

【Translation】

Listen to the teachings of the master when you are outside, and follow the teachings of your parents at home.Treat aunts, uncles and uncles as your own parents, and treat nephews and nieces as your own children.

Brother Kong Huai[1] is like a brother.Friends scoring [2], cutting [3] Proverbs [4] rules.

【Note】

[1] Kong Huai: Most of them refer to brothers, saying "the prestige of death and mourning, brother Kong Huai" in "Poetry Xiaoya Tangdi". [2] Score: congenial. [3] Cutting and grinding: originally refers to the processing of jade, etc., which means the exploration of knowledge. [4] Proverbs: Advice, exhortation.

【Translation】

Brothers should feel like brothers and sisters, and have the same breath, just like connected branches.To make friends, you must be congenial, discuss together, learn from each other, study hard and encourage each other.

仁慈隐恻[1]，造次[2]弗离[3]。节义廉退[4]，颠沛匪亏[5]。

【Note】

[1]隐恻：隐忍、恻隐。[2]造次：轻易，匆忙。[3]弗离：不可丢弃。[4]退：退让。[5]亏：缺。

【Translation】

Be kind and compassionate towards others, and don't abandon others easily when they need help.Integrity, justice, integrity, and humility are the virtues that cannot be lacking even in the face of setbacks and difficulties.

The nature is quiet and the mood is easy, and the heart is tired.Shouzhen [1] is full of ambition, and pursues things [2] to move.Adhere to elegant exercises, be good at noble [3] and self-sufficient [4].

【Note】

[1] Shouzhen: Keep a sincere nature. [2] Chasing things: chasing material desires. [3] Haojue: A high-ranking official with a generous salary. [4]縻 (mí): tie, bondage.

【Translation】

If the temperament is calm and calm, the mood will be comfortable and at ease; if the heart is moved by external objects, the spirit will be exhausted.If you maintain a kind nature, you will be satisfied if you are content; if you pursue material enjoyment, your will will decline.Adhere to conservative and elegant sentiments, and not be tired of being moved by high-ranking officials and generous salaries.

都[1]邑华夏，东西二京[2]。背邙[3]面洛[4]，浮渭[5]据泾。

【Note】

[1]都：都城。[2]东西二京：指洛阳和长安。[3]邙（máng）：邙山。[4]洛：洛水。[5]浮渭：指在渭水之滨。长安位于渭水与泾水汇合处的南岸水边。

【Translation】

The ancient capitals of China included Luoyang in Tokyo and Chang'an in Xijing.Luoyang in Tokyo is backed by Mount Mang and faces Luoshui; Chang'an in Xijing is bordered by Wei River on the left and Jing River on the right.

The palace is depressed [1], and the building is frightened [2].The picture writes [3] animals, and the painted color [4] fairies.

【Note】

[1] Pan Yu: twists and turns. [2] Shocked: Surprised. [3] Picture writing: depiction. [4] Painting color: draw with colored pens.

【Translation】

The palaces in the two capitals are twists and turns, twists and turns; the towers and palaces are about to fly in the sky, which is frightening.There are paintings of birds and beasts inside and outside the palace, as well as painted angels and gods.

丙舍[1]傍启[2]，甲帐[3]对楹[4]。肆[5]筵设席，鼓[6]瑟[7]吹笙。升[8]阶纳[9]陛，弁[10]转疑星。

(End of this chapter)