Three Character Classic · Hundred Family Surnames · Thousand Character Characters · Disciple Guidanc

Chapter 3 Three Character Classic (2)
Three talents [1], heaven, earth and man, three lights [2], sun, moon and stars.

【Note】

[1] Sancai: refers to heaven, earth, and people. [2] Sanguang: Refers to sunlight, moonlight, and starlight.

【Translation】

Those with clear qi float up to form the sky, and those with heavy turbidity condense down to form the earth. Human beings are the most advanced creatures among them, so heaven, earth, and humans are called "three talents".The sun during the day, the moon at night, and the shining stars are the sources of light on the earth, called "three lights".

[Interpretation]

The world is so big, and the things in nature are so wonderful and complement each other, we need to keep learning.Only by understanding nature, finding out the laws and getting enlightenment from them, can we better understand the world and live in harmony with the world.

The three cardinal principles [1], monarch [2] minister righteousness [3], father and son [4], husband and wife follow [5].

【Note】

[1]纲：纲目主体、法则要点。[2]君：国家的元首。[3]义：法度。[4]亲：父子天性。[5]顺：和顺和睦。

【Translation】

There are three codes of conduct that people should abide by in getting along with each other: the words and deeds of the king and his officials should be in line with righteousness and reason, parents and children should love each other, and husband and wife should get along with each other harmoniously.

[Interpretation]

The ancients had a very clear and standardized code of conduct for people and things, telling how people of different identities get along with others.For now, learning how to live in harmony with others and establish a harmonious and good relationship with others is still a course and knowledge that modern people need to learn.Perhaps this verse has given us some inspiration.Maybe you are a father at home, a friend or colleague outside, and a superior-subordinate relationship with your boss; maybe you are a student, but you are also a family member and a citizen of society.Only when everyone starts from me can the society be harmonious and stable.

It is called [1] spring and summer, and it is called autumn and winter. These four seasons [2], the luck [3] is endless [4].

【Note】

[1] said: The modal particle at the beginning of the sentence, here is called, the meaning of called. [2] Four seasons: refers to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. [3] Yun: run, run. [4] Poor: Exhausted, finished.

【Translation】

Spring, summer, autumn, and winter are called the four seasons. These four seasons are constantly changing. Spring goes to summer and autumn goes to winter.

[Interpretation]

The reason why spring, summer, autumn, and winter have four seasons of temperature and climate changes is that they change with the orbit changes of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the sun.When the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, the northern hemisphere has the shortest day and the longest night, and it is the winter solstice; when the sun directly shines on the Tropic of Cancer, the northern hemisphere has the longest day and the shortest night, and it is the summer solstice.

It is said to be north and south, and it is called west and east. These four directions [1] should be [2] almost central [3].

【Note】

[1] Sifang: Refers to the four directions of east, south, west and north. [2] should: corresponding, corresponding. [3] Middle: The convergence point of the four orientations of east, west, north and south is Zhong, which also refers to the middle and the center.

【Translation】

East, south, west, and north are called "four directions" and refer to the positions in all directions.These four orientations need a central position as a reference to correspond to each orientation.

[Interpretation]

The compass, one of the four great inventions in ancient my country, makes positioning easy.Now with the GPS global positioning system, people can enjoy the simplicity and convenience brought by technological progress.As long as we determine the direction to go and the destination to go, it can determine the way forward based on our location.This makes people wonder what kind of positioning we need in our lives?If in our careers, we can determine our career goals and run straight towards the goal after clarifying the direction of the goal, we will definitely be able to achieve our goal.

Said water and fire, wood, gold and earth, these five elements [1], this [2] is almost the number [3].

【Note】

[1] Five elements: The ancients believed that the world is composed of five elements: water, fire, wood, metal, and earth. [2] Ben: root, root. [3] Shushu: It is the abbreviation of Shushu. It is called Shushu, also called Shuming, Mathematics, Numerology and so on.

【Translation】

When it comes to the "five elements", it refers to metal, wood, water, fire, and earth.These are five common things, which were used in ancient China to refer to abstract concepts corresponding to various things. The combination of these five elements changes to produce various things.

[Interpretation]

The main content of the Five Elements Theory is Sheng Ke Stability.The five elements produce each other: metal produces water, water produces wood, wood produces fire, fire produces earth, and earth produces metal.The five elements restrain each other: metal restrains wood, wood restrains earth, earth restrains water, water restrains fire, and fire restrains metal.In daily life, it is generally said to buy "things" rather than "north and south". This is because according to the theory of the five elements, "gold, wood, water, fire, and earth" correspond to "east, west, north, south, middle", so "things" correspond to "gold", "wood", "wood", etc. ", no one took a basket to buy water and fire, did they?The ancients were full of wisdom and philosophy on the theory that the five elements generate and restrain each other. They believed that there is a relationship between the growth and the disappearance of all things, and that there is a certain interaction between various derived and balanced relationships, which may have new enlightenment for us today.

Ten stems [1], Jia to Gui, twelve branches [2], Zi to Hai.

【Note】

[1] Dry: also known as Tiangan, the unit used to record years, months, and days in ancient times. [2] Branches: also known as Earthly Branches, a unit used for timing in ancient times.One is equivalent to 2 hours.

【Translation】

"Shigan" refers to "A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren, Gui", also known as "Tiangan"; "Twelve Branches" refers to "Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen". , Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai", also known as "Dizhi".It is an ancient symbol used to record time.

[Interpretation]

my country's lunar calendar adopts the Jiazi calendar method, and the year is calculated by matching the ten heavenly stems and the twelve earthly branches. There are a total of sixty groups, which are used repeatedly.For example: 2010 is the year of Geng Yin, "Geng" is the heavenly stem, and "Yin" is the earthly branch.

Calculation method:

1.按年份的年尾推算天干。根据4=甲、5=乙、6=丙、7=丁、8=戊、9=己、0=庚、1=辛、2=壬、3=癸来推算。（例如：2010年的年尾为“0”，故2010年的天干为“庚”。）
2. Calculate the earthly branch according to the zodiac of the year.It is calculated based on Zirat, Chouox, Yinhu, Maotu, Chenlong, Sisnake, Wuma, Weiyang, Shenmon, Yourooster, Xugou and Haipig. (For example: 2010 is the Year of the Tiger, so the Earthly Branch in 2010 is "Yin".)
It is called the ecliptic, where the sun lies [1], and the equator is called the middle right [2].

【Note】

[1] 躔 (chán): the movement of celestial bodies. [2] Zhongquan: An important place located in the center.

【Translation】

The so-called ecliptic is the intersection line of the earth's orbital plane and the celestial sphere, and the apparent trajectory of the sun between the stars every year.The so-called equator is the great circle formed by the intersection of the celestial equator, the earth's equatorial plane and the celestial sphere.

[Interpretation]

While the earth is constantly rotating on its own axis, it is also revolving around the sun, and the sun is revolving around the Milky Way, and the Milky Way is only a part of the universe.Such a complex cosmic system has brought the earth a suitable living environment.Scientists are also amazed that changes in any celestial body may bring unlivable destruction to the earth. In fact, the earth changes throughout the year and is suitable for the growth of all things. Among them, the vastness and wonder of the universe are truly amazing. unimaginable.

Under the equator, the warm pole [1], my China [2], in the northeast [3].

【Note】

[1] Extreme: extreme, the highest meaning. [2] Zhonghua: Refers to our country. [3] Northeast: Refers to the northeast side of the earth.

【Translation】

In the equatorial region, the temperature is the highest and the climate is hot.From the equator to the north and south, the temperature gradually decreases.Our country is located in the northeast of the earth.

[Interpretation]

Our country is located on the northeast side of the entire earth.Due to its vast area, it extends from Heilongjiang Province in the northeast to Hainan Province in the south, spanning the cold zone, temperate zone, and tropical zone, and has three temperature zones.People have different living habits and eating habits because of the large area, temperature difference, and differences in the crops suitable for planting.For example, in our country, it is customary to distinguish whether a person is a southerner or a northerner by eating rice and noodles.

Han Yu [1] are all, frost and dew change.Right plateau, left sea.

【Note】

[1] 燠 (yù): hot.

【Translation】

my country's climate is well-balanced with frost and dew.On the right is the plateau, on the left is the sea.

[Interpretation]

Our country is located in three zones of cold, warm and hot, the main part is in the temperate zone, the temperature is evenly distributed, and the winter frost and summer dew will change with the seasons.The plateau is on the right and the sea is on the left, which is a description of the topography of our country.

It is called Jianghe [1], it is called Huaiji [2], it is called Sidu [3], and it is called Water Ji [4].

【Note】

[1] Rivers: Yangtze River, Yellow River. [2] Huaiji: Huaihe River, Jishui. [3] Du (dú): ditch, small canal, also generally refers to rivers.In ancient times, it was a collective name for China's "Yangtze River", "Yellow River", "Huaihe River" and "Jishui". [4] Ji: Organized.

【Translation】

China is a vast country with Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River and Jishui River. These four major rivers are representative of Chinese rivers.

[Interpretation]

The Yangtze River, the largest river in China, originates from the Geladandong Snow Mountain, the main peak of the Tanggula Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The Yellow River, the second longest river in China, the cradle of civilization of the Chinese nation, the birthplace of 5000-year-old culture, is also known as the mother river of China.People make full use of this water conservancy resource for the benefit of mankind, such as the establishment of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station on the Yangtze River to solve the power supply problem.The Yellow River is the river with the highest sediment concentration, and sometimes it even stops flowing due to too much quicksand in the upper reaches.People are paying more and more attention to the importance of environmental protection, and established the Yellow River Mother Water Cellar to solve the water supply problem, and appealed to and called on more people to invest in water-saving and environmental protection activities.

Said Dai[1] Hua[2], Song[3] Heng[4] Heng, these five mountains[5], the name of the mountain.

【Note】

[1] Dai: Dongyue Daishan, now known as Mount Tai, in Shandong. [2] Hua: Xiyue Huashan, the ancient name of Taihuashan, is in Shaanxi. [3] Song: Zhongyue Songshan, the ancient name of Songgao Mountain, is located in Henan. [4] Heng: Beiyue Hengshan, the ancient name of Damaoshan, is in Hebei. [5] Heng: Nanyue Hengshan, the ancient name of Huoshan, is in Hunan.

【Translation】

China's five famous mountains, Dongyue Taishan, Xiyue Huashan, Zhongyue Songshan, Nanyue Hengshan, Beiyue Hengshan, are called "Five Sacred Mountains". These five mountains are representatives of famous Chinese mountains.

[Interpretation]

China's Five Sacred Mountains are representative of famous mountains. In fact, there is another famous mountain, which is Mount Huangshan.When it comes to Huangshan, there has been a saying since ancient times that "you don't look at the mountains when you come back from the five mountains, and you don't look at the mountains when you come back from Huangshan".With the promulgation and implementation of the statutory holidays formulated by the country, more and more people are willing to travel to the mountains and rivers, which not only cultivates their bodies and minds, but also increases their knowledge and knowledge, and also drives the development of tourism.

It is called scholars [1] agriculture, and it is called industry and commerce [2]. These four peoples are the best of the country [3].

【Note】

[1] Scholars: Intellectuals.In the old days, it meant a scholar. [2] Business: workers and businessmen. [3] Good: good, excellent.

【Translation】

Intellectuals, farmers, workers and businessmen are indispensable pillars of the country, called "four people", which are an important part of society.

[Interpretation]

With the development of society and market demand, the refinement of technical division of labor and the requirement of professional knowledge, many kinds of occupations have been derived.The division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, and there are more and more relative professional skills.As the saying goes: "Three hundred and sixty lines, one will be the champion." No matter what occupation you are in, as long as you make contributions to society, it is worthy of recognition.Every profession can produce talents if it can be done well.

Born of the ground, there are vegetation [1].This plant, all over [2] land and water [3].

【Note】

[1] Vegetation: flowers and trees. [2] Over and over: everywhere. [3] Water and land: water and land.

【Translation】

In addition to human beings, there are flowers and trees on the earth.These are plants that are found everywhere on land and in water.

[Interpretation]

There are many species on the earth, and they grow on land and water, and each has its own use.Whether it is Shennong Tasting Herbs, Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica", or the sawtooth invented by Lu Ban, people can always get what they need and wisdom enlightenment from these species.Nature is always colorful and wonderful, and some species may have been extinct before they were discovered.Therefore, people are becoming more and more aware of the necessity of environmental protection, starting to implement the urban economy with a low-carbon economy as the development model and direction, and paying more and more attention to the importance of living in harmony with the earth, because human beings only have one earth.

There are insects and fish, and birds and beasts. These [1] animals can fly [2] and walk [3].

【Note】

[1] This: these. [2] Fly: Fly, soar. [3] Walk: Crawl.

【Translation】

Insects, fish, birds, and beasts belong to animals. Some of these animals can fly in the sky, some can crawl on land, and some can swim in water.

[Interpretation]

Nature endows different organisms with different survival skills, each showing its own abilities.Humans also get inspiration from these animals to create more new things, that is, bionics. For example, people invented radar based on the positioning mechanism of bats, and the accuracy and anti-jamming ability of bats' echolocation are of great importance for people to study and improve the sensitivity of radar and The anti-jamming capability also has important reference value.

Rice [1] sorghum [2] bean [3], wheat millet [4] millet [5], these six grains are what people eat.

【Note】

[1] Rice: grain crops, called rice without skin, called rice without skin. [2] Liang: that is, millet, which is called millet after peeling. [3] Shu (shū): soybeans, generally referring to beans. [4] Millet: It is called yellow rice after peeling, which is slightly larger than millet. [5] Millet: refers to millet or millet.

【Translation】

The food crops cultivated in ancient China mainly include rice, millet, soybean, wheat, yellow rice, and sorghum. These six are the food for human survival.

[Interpretation]

People often say that there are five grains, and five grains are abundant. Why are six grains mentioned here?There are sayings that Ji refers to sorghum; some think that it refers to millet, so they can be combined into five types; some say that Ji is the length of a hundred valleys, so emperors enshrine it as the God of Valley, the so-called Jiangshan Sheji.The morphological records and interpretations of millet are different, and here it can generally refer to food crops.

Horses, cattle and sheep, chickens and dogs [1] hogs [2], these six animals [3] are raised by people [4].

【Note】

[1] Dog: dog. [2] Hog: Pig. [3] Livestock: poultry and beasts, mostly referring to domesticated livestock. [4] Feeding: Feeding.

【Translation】

Horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs and pigs, these six animals are domestic animals.These animals, like Liugu, were originally wild, but were gradually domesticated by people and became animals raised by humans.

[Interpretation]

The reason why humans are closely related to these six animals is that the six animals serve people, like horses that can carry heavy loads, cows that can plow the fields and transport goods, sheep that kneel down for their milk, chickens that call the dawn, dogs that keep watch at night, pigs that It is useful for cooking.Second, there are many advantages of the six animals that are worthy of our learning, such as the vigor and aggressiveness of horses, the endurance of humiliation of cattle, the loyalty, courage and integrity of dogs, and so on.

曰喜[1]怒[2]，曰哀[3]惧[4]，爱恶[5]欲[6]，七情具。

【Note】

[1]喜：高兴。[2]怒：生气。[3]哀：悲伤。[4]惧：恐惧，害怕。[5]恶：憎恨。[6]欲：欲望，念头。

【Translation】

Humans have seven emotions: happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, loathing, and desire.

[Interpretation]

Psychologists are also studying the cognitive investigation of the expression pictures of the seven human emotions. When expressing different emotions, although people from different cultures, races, and regions may express differently, they are basically the same.Therefore, in the process of interacting with people, we must also pay attention to other people's emotions at the right time, and learn to do the right thing at the right time.

曰仁[1]义[2]，礼[3]智[4]信[5]，此五常，不容紊[6]。

【Note】

[1]仁：爱心。[2]义：公正言行。[3]礼：人类交往礼节。[4]智：才智。[5]信：诚实，信用。[6]紊：紊乱、纷乱。

【Translation】

The good moral character of traditional Chinese culture advocates benevolence, justice, etiquette, resourcefulness and honesty. These five moral standards come in order and cannot be confused.

[Interpretation]

For cultivating a person's moral character, the ancients were particular and thoughtful.Only the virtues of "wisdom and faith" based on "benevolence, righteousness and propriety" can be regarded as good qualities.A person who pays attention to benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and integrity is naturally welcomed by people.On the contrary, it is a terrible thing for a person who has no etiquette, no benevolence, and no sense of justice to be a clever thief and robber who does what he says.

(End of this chapter)