Three Character Classic · Hundred Family Surnames · Thousand Character Characters · Disciple Guidanc

Chapter 4 Three Character Classic (3)
Blue [1] red [2] yellow, and black and white, these five colors are recognized by the eyes [3] [4].

【Note】

[1] Blue: blue. [2] Red: red. [3] Mesh: eyes. [4] Consciousness: seeing and distinguishing.

【Translation】

Blue, yellow, red, black and white, these are the five colors that make up colors, which can be recognized by people's naked eyes.

[Interpretation]

The red, yellow, and blue mentioned here are the three primary colors of art paints, and they are also the three primary colors of subtractive type.Primary colors are "basic colors" that cannot be obtained by mixing and blending other colors.Other new colors can be produced by mixing primary colors in different proportions.Then the three primary colors of light refer to red, green, and blue, which are superimposed three primary colors.

Sour, bitter, sweet [1], and pungent [2] salty, these five flavors are contained in the mouth [3].

【Note】

[1] sweet: sweet. [2] Xin: Spicy. [3] Including: including.

【Translation】

In the food we usually eat, the five tastes that can be distinguished by the mouth are sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty.

[Interpretation]

The reason why the mouth can distinguish between sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and salty is that there are many granular tissues called taste buds on the human tongue.There are more sweet taste buds on the tip of the tongue; sour taste buds are more on the back half of the tongue; bitter taste buds are concentrated on the root of the tongue; salty taste buds are on the tip of the tongue and the front half of the tongue.

Shan [1] burnt fragrance, and fishy smell [2], the five odors [3], smelled by the nose [4].

【Note】

[1] Shan (shān): the smell of sheep. [2] Decay: The smell emitted after the material decays. [3] Odor: Tong "smell", refers to smell. [4] Smell: Smell with the nose.

【Translation】

There are five main types of smells that our nose can smell, namely mutton, burnt, fragrance, fishy and rotten.

[Interpretation]

The introduction of "Three Character Classics" has already introduced human emotions, perception, vision, taste, and smell, which is equivalent to a simplified version of ordinary psychology.Humans also have the sense of hearing, which can distinguish the source of sound from near and far, and the sense of touch, which can distinguish cold and warm stimuli.Therefore, we can listen to a concert and feel the texture of an oil painting.

Gong Shangjiao, and Zheng [1] Yu.These five tones are taken by the ear.

【Note】

[1] Sign (zhǐ): One of the five tones.

【Translation】

The five scales of Gongshangjiao Zhengyu can be heard with the ears.

[Interpretation]

In ancient my country, Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu were called "five tones".

Pao [1] soil [2] leather [3], wood, stone, gold [4], silk [5] and bamboo are octaves.

【Note】

[1] Pao (páo): Pao melon, similar to a gourd, was used as a musical instrument in ancient times. [2] Soil: Clay, pottery clay, can be made into Xun, with six holes, an ancient pottery musical instrument. [3] Leather: leather, here refers to leather musical instruments such as drums. [4] Gold: Metal musical instruments, such as gongs and drums. [5] Silk: refers to stringed instruments such as Qin, Se, and Pipa.

【Translation】

The musical instruments are divided into eight types according to the materials they are made of, namely gourds (sheng, etc.), clay (xun, etc.), leather (drums, etc.), wood (zhu, etc.), stones (chime, etc.), metal ( Gong, etc.), silk strings (qinse, etc.) and bamboo (dizi, etc.), are called "eight sounds".

[Interpretation]

Modern people also pay more and more attention to music education, and even use music for prenatal education and psychotherapy activities, etc., which shows the charm and efficacy of music.Shinichi Suzuki, a Japanese psychologist, studies the development and improvement of children's abilities by playing the violin. With the belief that "every child's ability grows, there is a way to cultivate it", he has cultivated a large number of "genius" children, and He is the author of the book "Early Education and Ability Development".

Said Ping Shang, said Qu Ru [1], these four tones should be tuned [2] to coordinate.

【Note】

[1] Ping Shang, Qu Ru: the four tones of pronunciation, modern Chinese is composed of Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Shang Sheng, and Qu Sheng. [2] Tune: The sound is harmonious.

【Translation】

The tones in Chinese are divided into four tones: level, up, down, and into. The use of the four tones must be harmonious in order to make people feel comfortable.

[Interpretation]

As China communicates more and more in the world, more and more foreigners are also beginning to learn Chinese, and mastering the changes of yin, level, upward and downward is also the most basic skill requirement.China is also opening Confucius Institutes in more and more countries, so that more people can learn to speak beautiful Chinese.

Great-great-grandfather[1], father and body[2], body and son[3], son and grandson.

【Note】

[1] Great-great-grandfather: great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather. [2] Body: myself, myself. [3] Son: Son.

【Translation】

Great-grandfather gave birth to great-grandfather, great-grandfather gave birth to grandfather, grandfather gave birth to father, father gave birth to me, I gave birth to son, son gave birth to grandson.

[Interpretation]

Generation after generation, generation after generation, the reproduction of human beings and the continuation of life are endless.Each of us bears the responsibilities and obligations that connect the past and the future.

From descendants to Xuan Zeng, there are nine [1] clans, and the relationship between people [2].

【Note】

[1] Nine: The nine clans are pushed up by themselves for four generations, and then pushed down by themselves for four generations, including themselves for a total of nine generations. [2] Lun: Preface, refers to the order of respect and inferiority.

【Translation】

From one's own son and grandson to the next, there are great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren.There are nine generations from great-grandfather to great-great-great-grandson, known as the "Nine Clans".The "nine clans" represent the order of seniority and inferiority of people and the inheritance relationship of family blood.

[Interpretation]

The relationship between the nine clans is not only the inheritance relationship of blood, but also reflects the family affection that blood is thicker than water.Everyone must realize their responsibilities and obligations as a family member, and only then can the family live in harmony.

Father and son are kind [1], couples follow [2], older brothers are friends [3], younger brothers are respectful [4].

【Note】

[1] En: There is affection. [2] Obedience: The husband obeys the wife, and the wife obeys the husband. [3] Friends: Friendship. [4] Gong: respectful.

【Translation】

Fathers and sons should pay attention to mutual kindness, the relationship between husband and wife should be gentle, older brothers should be friendly to younger brothers, and younger brothers should respect older brothers.

[Interpretation]

U.S. President Barack Obama said in a letter to his children that when he was young, he believed that life was how to succeed in business.It wasn't until his children were born that he discovered that their curiosity, mischief and smiles always brightened his world.He's starting to feel less about his grand plan than about giving them both and every child in this country the chance to pursue happiness and fulfill themselves, and that's why he's running for president.Family is the harbor of love and the driving force behind people's progress.

Senior and Young Preface [1], Friends and Friends [2], Kings are respectful [3], Ministers are loyal [4].

【Note】

[1] Senior and Young Preface: Refers to the need for order between the elders and the younger. [2] Friends and friends: friends. [3] respect: respect. [4] Loyalty: loyalty, loyalty.

【Translation】

Young people and old people should pay attention to a certain order; among friends, they should treat each other with sincerity, share the blessings and share the difficulties; the king must respect his courtiers, and the courtiers must be loyal to the king.

[Interpretation]

China has always been known as the land of propriety and righteousness, and has attached great importance to propriety and righteousness from ancient times to the present.Whether it is "Kong Rong let the pears" or "Taoyuan three knots", they are the best footnotes to interpret etiquette. Morality and etiquette are an eternal topic.

These ten righteousnesses are shared by everyone [1], and should be described in sequence, not to be violated [2].

【Note】

[1] Everyone has the same: Ten righteousness is the ten principles of human relations, which should be followed and implemented. [2] Back: Deviation, negligence.

【Translation】

The above-mentioned ten righteousness, father's kindness, son's filial piety, husband's harmony, wife's obedience, brother's love, younger brother's respect, friend's trust, friendship, respect for the emperor, and minister's loyalty, are the moral standards that everyone should abide by and cannot violate.

[Interpretation]

Society is a large organization composed of complicated interpersonal relationships, and everyone has various kinship and social relationships.The "Ten Righteousnesses" mentioned here are guidelines for dealing with various relationships, and these guidelines are still of reference value today.

Cutting all down, big and small.When it comes to brewing [1] hemp, five servings end.

【Note】

[1] Silk: fine linen.

【Translation】

Zhan Shuai, Qi Shuai, Dagong, Xiaogong and Shuma, these are the five kinds of filial clothing worn by different relatives in ancient China when they died.

[Interpretation]

When a relative dies, according to the degree of closeness, mourners wear five kinds of mourning clothes: Zhan Shuai, Qi Shuai, Dagong, Xiaogong and Xiangma to mourn in different degrees.

Ritual and music shooting, the number of imperial books [1], the ancient six arts [2], which are not available today [3].

【Note】

[1] Yu: Driving chariots and horses. [2] Six Arts: Refers to the six talents and skills of ritual, music, archery, imperialism, calligraphy, and counting. [3] Tools: complete.

【Translation】

Etiquette, music, archery, driving, calligraphy and arithmetic are the six talents and skills that the ancients had to learn. No one can have these six skills at the same time.

[Interpretation]

With the development of the times, the progress of society, and the change of education model, it is impossible for people today to learn these six arts completely.But one thing is certain, no matter ancient or modern, we all pay attention to cultivating people's overall quality.

But calligraphy [1], everyone abides by it, both literacy and speaking [2].

【Note】

[1] Calligraphy: the study of writing. [2] Shuowen: refers to "Shuowen Jiezi" written by Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

【Translation】

Among the six arts, only philology is still respected by everyone.After a person is literate, he can study "Shuowen Jiezi", which is helpful for improving his knowledge.

[Interpretation]

The three subjects of Chinese, Mathematics, and Foreign Languages ​​have become basic subjects, and they are also tool courses for in-depth study of other subjects.If a thinker cannot express his ideas in language, a mathematician cannot express content in logic, and a linguist does not understand the subtleties of another language at all, then it is a "tragedy".

There are ancient Chinese [1], big and small seal script, Li Cao Ji, not to be messed up [2].

【Note】

[1] Guwen, seal script (zhuàn), official script, and cursive script: the shape and style of characters that appeared in the historical evolution of Chinese characters. [2] Chaos: to confuse.

【Translation】

The historical development of Chinese characters has gone through the evolution process of ancient pictographs, big seal script, small seal script, official script, and cursive script, which must be clearly remembered and not confused.

[Interpretation]

Today, the four font styles of Li, Kai, Xing, and Cao are popular, and more and more people are beginning to learn to write calligraphy.Learning to write brush characters can not only exercise body, pen and heart, but also understand the origin and meaning of characters, and discover the mystery and wisdom in the process of learning.

If you [1] learn widely, you are afraid of its complexity [2], but briefly [3], you can know the source.

【Note】

[1] If: if, if. [2] Complex: complex. [3] Brief introduction: roughly mastered.

【Translation】

If you want to learn extensively, the ocean of knowledge is really vast and complicated, and it is not an easy task, but if you can do a general understanding and general research, you can still know many basic principles.

[Interpretation]

In the era of rapid information updates, it is impossible and unrealistic to master all the information.What we need to master is the skills and abilities of how to learn and search for information, that is, it is more important to master how to learn.For the complicated information, only by being able to sort out ideas and grasp the essence of the problem in an outline can we grasp the root of the problem.

凡训[1]蒙[2]，须讲[3]究[4]，详训诂[5]，明句读[6]。

【Note】

[1] Training: admonition, instruction. [2] Mongolia: Like the first birth of grass, it is a metaphor for a naive child. [3] Speaking: explaining. [4] Study: study. [5] 诂 (gǔ): Explain in common words. [6] Sentence reading (dòu): There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese, and the pauses in the text are called "sentences" if the tone has been completed, and "reading" if they are not finished.

【Translation】

Any teacher who teaches children who have just entered school must speak every word clearly, explain every sentence clearly, and let the students know how to sentence sentences when they are reading.

[Interpretation]

There are many allusions to the knowledge of sentence punctuation, such as a couplet in the home of a bean sprouts seller: "Long long long long long long long long long long long".At first glance, the characters are all the same, how to read it?Of course, he wanted the bean sprouts to grow (zhǎng) longer (cháng), so the upper line reads: cháng zhǎng cháng zhǎng cháng cháng zhǎng, and the lower line reads: zhǎng cháng zhǎng cháng zhǎng zhǎng cháng.Pronunciation is correct, the meaning of words is clear, and sentences are divided correctly, so that we can understand the meaning expressed between the lines.

For a scholar, there must be a beginning, a primary school [1] and an end, to the Four Books [2].

【Note】

[1] Elementary school: "Primary School" written by Song Zhuxi, a guide to learn basic knowledge such as the six arts. [2] The Four Books: "The Analects", "Mencius", "The Great Learning", and "The Doctrine of the Mean" are collectively called the "Four Books".

【Translation】

In order to learn, there must be an initial stage. We must lay a solid foundation, finish the "Primary School", and then study the "Four Books".

[Interpretation]

For any expert and scholar, his knowledge is accumulated bit by bit.Only by laying a solid foundation, step by step, from shallow to deep, can we master more in-depth knowledge.This is true for learning, and it is also true for being a human being.

The Analects of Confucius [1], twenty chapters, group disciples, remember good words [2].

【Note】

[1] The Analects of Confucius: Discourses are discussions, and words are answers. "The Analects of Confucius" is a book that compiles the words, deeds, and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples. [2] Good Words: Confucianism and Disciples' Discussions.

【Translation】

"The Analects of Confucius" is the first of the four books, with a total of [-] chapters. It is a book recorded by Confucius and his disciples' remarks about Confucius and his disciples.

[Interpretation]

Confucius, courtesy name Zhongni, was a great thinker and educator in ancient my country and a representative figure of Confucianism. "The Analects of Confucius" is the culmination of Confucian preaching, containing the essence of Confucianism, and the core content is how to "be a human being" and the principles of "being a human being".Some wise men appealed that "in order to survive in the 21st century, human beings must learn from the wisdom of Confucius 2000 years ago."

Mencius [1], seven chapters stop, talk about morality, benevolence and righteousness [2].

【Note】

[1] Mencius: The surname is Meng, the name is Ke, and the word is Ziyu. This refers to the book "Mencius". [2] Benevolence and righteousness: Mencius believed that human beings have the nature of compassion, shame, and hatred.

【Translation】

Meng Ke's "Mencius" is divided into seven chapters.The content is speeches that preach the cultivation of moral character and carry forward the thought of benevolence and righteousness.

[Interpretation]

Mencius is also a thinker and educator in ancient my country. He is known as "the sub-sage" and is collectively called "Kong and Mencius" with Confucius.Mencius's success is inseparable from Meng's mother's careful teaching.Here are the works and thoughts of Mencius.

Doing the mean [1] is Kong Ji [2], the middle is not biased [3], and the mean [4] is not easy [5].

【Note】

[1]中庸：书名，儒家重要经典。[2]孔伋（jí）：孔子的孙子，字子思。[3]偏：偏差。[4]庸：平常。[5]易：改变。

【Translation】

The book "The Doctrine of the Mean" was written by Kong Ji. "Zhong" means impartiality, and "Yong" means peaceful and unchanging.

[Interpretation]

"The Doctrine of the Mean" is a book about the philosophy of life, which has a great influence on the Chinese people's outlook on life. "The Doctrine of the Mean" advocates that personal cultivation should be peaceful and moderate, neither too much nor too little, and strive for harmony, so that society can be stable.

As a university [1], it is Zeng Zi, who studied by himself [2] Qi, and went to Pingzhi [3].

【Note】

[1] University: One of the "Four Books", written by Confucius students, with ten chapters in total. [2] Cultivation: self-cultivation, family harmony. [3] Pingzhi: Refers to governing the country and pacifying the world.

【Translation】

The book "University" was written by Zeng Shen. It advocates self-cultivation and family harmony in order to govern the country and bring peace to the world.

[Interpretation]

"University" emphasizes the cultivation of moral character, pointing out that one must first cultivate one's character and morality, manage one's own family well, and then it is possible to govern the country well and finally achieve peace in the world.As the saying goes, "If you don't sweep a house, how can you sweep the world."

(End of this chapter)