Fall in love with school, no longer tire of learning

Chapter 24 School Education Guidance (5)
For a long time, there has been an instrumentalist value orientation that pursues superficial knowledge or knowledge externalization in teaching practice in our country.The classroom teaching implemented by the teacher lacks flexibility, autonomy and independence, so that students are in a small learning space and become a storage of knowledge lacking individuality and creativity.When they were students, they were scolded for being stupid, but there are many people who have made outstanding achievements when they grow up, such as the famous scientist Einstein.This intra-individual difference is due to the fact that the school education was not suitable for them at that time and did not realize their full potential.

In view of this, differentiated teaching starts from paying attention to the differences between individuals and within individuals. Teachers use differentiated teaching to create a harmonious, tolerant and equal teaching situation for students to fully grow their lives, and to stimulate students' life force. To maximize the potential of students.

3. Truly reflect the democracy and equality among students

The focus of differential teaching on all students is based on the idea of ​​people-oriented, which is manifested as the democratization of education.The core content of the democratization of education is the issue of "equal educational opportunities".Under the influence of the traditional concept of equality, the teaching of primary and secondary schools in my country has long pursued unified goals, unified curriculum, and unified assessment. This "one size fits all" approach affects the diversified development of students and results in one-sided development of all students.The teacher provides all students in the class with exactly the same form and content of instruction, which seems to achieve equality.In fact, this kind of equality is only a mechanical equality and formal equality, and it is impossible to provide equal opportunities for the development of students.As Aristotle said: "It is unfair to treat the same people differently and to treat different people the same."

Differentiated teaching starts from the differences in students' personalities, faces all in teaching, takes care of differences, and provides them with equal learning opportunities; fully estimates students' learning potential, treats students equally, allows them to learn asynchronously, and makes most students learn more Efficiency, learning ability, learning motivation, etc. have all reached a high level; students can be brought into full play and promote democracy and equality in the true sense of education.

Specific Approaches to Differentiated Instruction

Differentiated teaching believes that to effectively take care of students' differences, we must build a teaching strategy system from the overall teaching perspective, and we should fully adapt to the needs of students' differences in terms of teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching process, teaching methods, and teaching organization forms. .

1. Establish challenging teaching goals
Classroom teaching objectives refer to the pre-determined by the main body of teaching activities, and the teaching effects that can be measured by using existing technical means to be achieved in specific classroom teaching activities.Our Chinese teaching is usually based on the average level of the class to formulate a unified teaching goal for the whole class.Instructional objectives in the classroom are usually first formulated by the teacher.Teachers should closely combine the teaching content to formulate goals, and then reveal the goals so that everyone can understand them.To reveal the teaching objectives, the objectives can be announced directly on the blackboard, or in a roundabout way.

For example, when teaching ancient poetry, the teacher can first show the following requirements on the blackboard: ① learn ancient poetry and understand the meaning of poetry; ② recite ancient poetry; ③ write a short story in modern language according to the content of ancient poetry.Then ask the students to choose the one they did best to introduce to everyone.Students' interest in learning immediately rises, with clear goals, easy to operate, and better teaching results can be received.

2. Set the teaching process for different needs
"The teacher's adaptation to the students is the unity of the whole teaching process." In the collective teaching of the class, the teacher should try to take into account the needs of different students and set up a teaching process with different needs.The teaching link is the basic procedure for the development and development of the teaching process. Teachers should take into account the different needs of students in each teaching link.Education will not be effective if it is only taken care of at the end of a class and when students have completed their assignments, if individual tutoring begins only in the last few minutes.

Taking into account does not take up much lecture time. For example, when the teacher demonstrates, he can give more demonstrations to students who have learning difficulties. During group hands-on operations, students with difficulties can help each other at the same table.To be able to take into account the needs of different students in classroom teaching, the key is that the teacher should carefully design the teaching links before class.

In the teaching, the teacher organically intersperses questions of various levels, and asks students of different levels respectively. Through these questions, the whole class can understand the textbook content more completely, especially for those students who have difficulty in understanding, with the help of other students. Answer to deepen understanding.

3. Adopt flexible and diverse teaching methods

The teaching method is the action system for the teacher to organize students to carry out learning activities. In the classroom, the different needs of the students should be taken into account, and the teaching methods should be diverse and flexible.Different students tend to have different adaptability to different teaching methods. Some students learn better through hearing, some students have better ability to accept through vision, and some students can form the most effective learning channel through touch and hands-on. Students' thinking ability and way of thinking are also different.This requires teachers to pay attention to the different characteristics of students in classroom teaching on the basis of fully understanding students, adopt diverse and flexible teaching methods, and implement differentiated teaching.

For example, when explaining the article "Hutong Culture", the use of multimedia means to show the style of Beijing Hutongs and compare them with the alleys in the south, so that students in the south can not only have an intuitive impression of Beijing Hutongs, but also understand why the author said that Chinese culture is closed In terms of culture, Beijingers have relocated.This use of computer-assisted teaching and other means is especially useful when explaining expository texts.If you add some birdsong appropriately when you are talking about the scenery and lyrical prose similar to "Spring", the whole lecture hall will be full of joyful atmosphere, and students can also enter that artistic conception and enter the author's heart.

4. Create a good classroom teaching atmosphere
Traditional classroom teaching is only organized from the perspective of imparting knowledge and skills.But in fact, students' learning in the classroom is not only through listening and thinking, but also through experience and emotion to acquire knowledge, attitude and value.If there is no warm and harmonious relationship between teachers and students in the classroom, and there is no multi-directional communication; if the teacher does not have empathy, active attention, and sincerity, it will be difficult to guide students to learn effectively.

A good lecture atmosphere is closely related to the question setting, and the questions should not be too difficult or too easy.If the questions are too difficult, students will have no way to start. If things go on like this, students will easily lose confidence and interest, which will affect the efficiency of the lecture. If the questions are too easy, students can answer them without thinking. It will affect classroom efficiency.Therefore, after understanding the differences of students, the teacher sets up questions of different difficulty, so that students of different levels can have a successful experience, so that they can "get the fruit with one jump".For example, when explaining "My Castle in the Air", find out the sentences of personification and metaphor in the text. Such questions at your fingertips can be answered by students with poor foundation; A class of high-level questions can be answered by students with strong analytical skills.Different students have made progress on the original basis, and all have tasted the joy of success, and the teaching effect of the entire classroom has also been greatly improved.

In classroom teaching, the teacher should take into account the differences of students throughout the whole teaching process, and especially work hard on the important and difficult points and key points of teaching, not just taking care of students during practice or a few minutes before the end of a class. students with disabilities or special needs.Teachers take into account the needs of different students in a variety of ways, and it is not just individual teaching that takes care of different students.Sometimes a gesture or a word from the teacher is undoubtedly a drop of nectar in summer for students with learning difficulties, nourishing people's hearts.

In short, differentiated teaching attaches great importance to the development of the individual itself, emphasizing that teachers should be student-centered in teaching, and adopt diversified and personalized teaching strategies to promote the maximum development of each student.Differences are inevitable, and the exploration of differentiated teaching is endless.As an educator, "for the development of every student" is our lifelong pursuit and ideal.

zone of proximal development theory
"Zone of Proximal Development Theory" is Vygotsky's point of view. He believes that there are two levels of children's development: ① the child's current level; ② the child's possible development level.The gap between the two is the zone of proximal development.Teaching should focus on the child's proximal development zone, provide children with difficult content, mobilize children's enthusiasm, develop their potential, surpass their proximal development zone and reach the level of their difficult development, and then proceed to the next step on this basis The development of the development area.

Before Vygotsky proposed the concept of "Zone of Proximal Development", people had great differences in understanding the relationship between teaching and children's development.This difference is mainly manifested in the following three different opinions:

(1) "Irrelevance Theory", which means that teaching and children's development are two different and basically irrelevant processes.Teaching will neither promote children's development nor change the direction of children's development. At most, it only uses the fruits of children's intellectual development.That is to say, teaching should take children's current development level into consideration as much as possible, and try to make the difficulty and progress of teaching equal to children's current intelligence level.The representative figure of this view is Piaget.

(End of this chapter)