I Am the President of the University

I haven't finished writing yet, don't read it, after 2 o'clock, the later scraps will be replaced! I'm really sorry!

I haven't finished writing yet, don't read it, after 2 o'clock, the later scraps will be replaced! I'm really sorry!

...

"#Limit Plastic Order is about to be implemented, and the leading domestic biological company Zhenhai Biotech has been sanctioned!"

"How do you think about the reasons NatureWorks imposed sanctions on Zhenhai Biotechnology?"

"Zhenhai Biotech is sanctioned, what are the technical barriers to a small lactide?"

A series of news appeared on Weibo, Douyin and Zhihu.

The sun had just risen in the morning, and the topic of Zhenhai creatures instantly became popular all over the net.

After all, a certain mobile phone manufacturer in front has just been sanctioned, how long is this?

What kind of lactide is replaced with this after the mobile phone sanctions?

Many Chinese people looked at the news a little dazed.

What is this lactide?

"What's this lactide, I've heard of it for the first time?" Zhang Lei asked Zheng Tianyu beside him with a dazed expression.

Zheng Tianyu had a black line, "You ask me who do I ask? I'm not Doraemon, you don't know it by Baidu."

"Yeah, I thought Lao Zheng, you know what." Zhang Lei touched the back of his head with afterthought, and was about to Baidu, when suddenly he saw the next news that this lactide was introduced.

Zhang Lei swiped the screen intently, watching this popular science post by a female doctor of a research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

After reading it, Zhang Lei frowned and said angrily: "For such a thing, we have to rely on foreign imports in China. It's really maddening!"

After reading the content clearly, Zhang Lei generally understood the relationship between lactic acid-lactide-polylactic acid (), and it was precisely because he understood that it made him feel a little arrogant in his chest.

If I don’t understand it, I don’t know that so many places in our country are getting stuck. This is really troublesome once sanctioned.

Zhang Lei’s voice was a bit loud just now, and Zheng Tianyu sitting next to him was shocked. He quickly lowered his voice and reminded Zhang Lei: "Lao Zhang! What are you doing? The sound is so loud?!"

It's just that his body shape is a bit late.

The female teacher dedicated to the lecture on the stage has noticed the movement made by Zhang Lei, her eyebrows are raised, her eyes are swept over, and she raised her voice: "This student in a yellow T-shirt, it seems that you have any comments that you want to mention. Just stand up and talk!"

Zhang Lei stood awkwardly, and said apologetically, "Teacher...I have no objection..."

"If you don’t have any comments, just listen carefully and make less noise. I know you all don’t like this class very much, but I want to tell you..." Staring at Venus.

After Zhang Lei sat down, he shrank his neck for fear of being stared at by the teacher, and then said to Zheng Tianyu next to him: "Old Zheng, look at this news."

"What are you looking at?" Zheng Tianyu was a little puzzled, but he still took a look.

Looking at it, Zheng Tianyu frowned, and said displeasedly: "This old beauty is really a shit-cutter. You have to mix it up everywhere."

Zhang Lei nodded when he heard Zheng Tianyu's words, and then looked over and asked: "Then you said that after Zhenhai Biotech waits for the A-share market to open, the stock will fall sharply?"

"A big drop? Do you still have to think about it? For sure!" Zheng Tianyu said very positively.

As a leader in the polylactic acid industry, even if the supply of its own raw materials is cut off, what about producing a fart?

It hasn't reached 9:30. When the time comes, it is estimated that the opening will be a blood collapse.

"Then Zhenhai Biology is too miserable." Zhang Lei felt a little sympathetic. After all, one is a domestic company and the other is a foreign company. Needless to say where this **** should be skewed.

Zheng Tianyu shook his head and said, "It's okay for Zhenhai Creatures to be sanctioned. It's not that scary."

"What's that?" Zhang Lei asked with wide-eyed eyes.

...

"The shot was shot, this is a warning to the domestic polylactic acid industry..." Chen Chong said heavily.

Fang Haosen on the side also nodded.

As for Chen Hao, who visited suddenly, he certainly understood this, and he came to the laboratory this morning for another purpose.

"Professor Fang and Director Chen, is there anything else here in the laboratory that needs the school's help?" Chen Hao asked in a deep voice.

He was very sad to see the news that Zhenhai Biological was sanctioned when he got up this morning!

Yesterday afternoon, I also talked to Fang Haosen and Chen Chong that Zhenhai Biologicals wanted to polymerize lactide by themselves, but today I saw Zhenhai Biologicals being sanctioned. This is to force the other party to bow their heads and admit their mistakes!

It is so irritating!

Fang Haosen’s eyes lit up and he said directly: “I was very interested in lactide when I was at Beihang University. Technically, it was difficult but not great, but it was in the hands of the laboratory people. I have a few friends who are quite strong. ,I think……"

………………

Peking University Yuanpei General Education Curriculum System

1. It has not been established since its inception. This is also an important reason why it was not envisaged at the beginning of the establishment but has not been realized so far, which affects the effect of this experiment. The purpose of this experiment was to establish a general education system similar to that of the top American liberal arts colleges, but after more than ten years of operation, this goal was not achieved. You can find many commentary articles on Peking University Yuanpei General Education on the Internet, with mixed reviews. But in a word, this experiment was not successful.

2. Yuanpei College of Peking University focuses on general education, but its current training model is not to offer general education courses by itself, but to adopt a combination of general education methods. Whether this method is good or not remains to be discussed, but at present domestic It is difficult to set up independent general education courses in the educational environment of China. This may be the "experimental failure" mentioned upstairs.

The so-called platter-style general education means that students of Yuanpei College can take all the professional courses in Peking University. Therefore, Yuanpei does not offer general education courses, but students can freely combine professional courses from different departments to achieve general education. The result of education. In the sophomore year, students are divided into majors. Students can freely choose any major in Peking University as their major (of course, the right to change directions and take other professional courses), or choose Yuanpei’s special majors: such as PPE (Politics) , Economics and Philosophy), Foreign Languages ​​and Foreign History, Paleontology, Integrated Science, etc. As the name suggests, these majors combine the relevant courses of various faculties and departments as your compulsory courses.

This century is a banner of undergraduate education and teaching reform. Yuanpei College has been exploring a broad-based and broad-calibre talent training model for 13 years. It is the first batch of domestic colleges and universities to test the waters of general education. The accidents, frustrations, embarrassments and even controversies encountered by "Yuan Pei" in this talent experiment fully reflect the difficulty and pain of general knowledge.

Peking University Yuanpei is the earliest and relatively mature model of the domestic general education reform. Now general education is being rolled out in various universities, but the current results are not particularly good-but at least one step has been taken.

3. According to the talent training plan of Yuanpei College, after enrolling, freshmen can theoretically choose any course offered by the whole school. They can listen to whatever they want. The course study plan is all made by themselves; from the sophomore year, students can follow You can freely choose the direction of study for your own interests, and there is no limit in theory.

"Mental freedom, academic freedom, and learning freedom." After almost all students enter Yuanpei, their first feeling is "freedom", but after that, most people will start to be "lost."

A student who enrolled in 2004 once published an article on the Internet complaining about Yuanpei's "free system." For example, the "tutor system" that should be responsible for tutoring students in choosing courses and majors has limited effect. In fact, the freshmen of Yuanpei's 04 freshmen can't even get a course plan from the department and must go to the academic affairs department of each department. "Look at it."

Compared with these trivial matters, the freedom of course selection has become a bigger obstacle-you can listen to the classes in the whole school, but what exactly do you listen to?

At Peking University, the undergraduate course plan is divided into two parts: professional courses and general elective courses. Generally speaking, professional courses are more difficult than general elective courses. It is envisaged that after any Yuanpei student is in his sophomore year and chooses his own major, the courses of other faculties previously selected can replace the general elective courses, and they can graduate after completing the credits.

For students, such regulations are tantamount to the shackles of "free treatment": choosing courses according to their interests, once the exam results are not satisfactory, they will lose a certain degree of freedom when choosing a major.

Many Yuanpei "comers" have personally experienced the process of compromising to "unfreedom". Zhang Wanting, a student of Yuanpei Law at Peking University Level 03, told reporters that in the first few years of Yuanpei’s implementation, grade points were not a matter of importance. Difficult classes were a trend at the time.” But since then, the grade point orientation has become heavier and heavier.

The existence of the "Grade Point" standard still keeps students from choosing courses.

Zhou Wenjie was admitted to Yuanpei College in 2008 and is currently the class teacher of Yuanpei College, Peking University. What he observed is that there are fewer and fewer students in the college who choose courses based on a wide range of interests, and many freshmen have a strong plan as soon as they enter the school. For example, in the first semester of the freshman year, the 13th grade freshmen choose courses in the fields of economics, management, mathematics, politics, economy and philosophy, and there are no courses with a particularly large span of disciplines.

Xu Chongren explained that the biggest difference between Yuanpei and various schools and departments is that traditional professional schools can develop on their own without any external force, while Yuanpei often requires schools to push from the back and continue to formulate special specialties that apply to Yuanpei. policy. "Professors need to do research and need their own graduate students, so they must rely on professional colleges and departments, and Yuanpei alone cannot do it alone."

Zhou Wenjie said frankly that the "freedom" provided to students by Yuanpei College is still a kind of "negative freedom" in a sense. "Students have to take the risk to choose courses without knowing what is going on in this major, and they have to judge whether these courses can touch the core issues of the major." Especially for freshmen, the psychological pressure is all of a sudden. Just come up.

Not long ago, a post on the BBS of Peking University became "hot". The poster stated that he submitted an application for extension of the school system, but was rejected by the school's academic affairs office, which delayed his plan for undergraduate study.

Not long ago, a post on the BBS of Peking University became "hot". The poster stated that he submitted an application for extension of the school system, but was rejected by the school's academic affairs office, which delayed his plan for undergraduate study.

This student is Lu Weicong of Yuanpei's 10th grade. After completing the mathematics professional course, he hopes to study mathematics and computer science cross-study, so he applied for an extension. According to Yuanpei's teaching plan, students enjoy a flexible academic system and can complete their undergraduate education within 3 to 6 years. But the reason for the school's academic affairs not to postpone is that the student's graduation credits have been completed.

After coordination, Lu Weicong's application was finally approved. However, this matter still caused follow-up discussions within Yuanpei: Yuanpei did not get rid of the trouble of the "dual track system", and some of the college's teaching systems did not receive effective administrative protection at the school level.

Although the "dual track system" has not completely disappeared over time, Xu Chongren said that Yuanpei College is a model that is beneficial to the improvement of undergraduate education based on the diversified source of students. Yuanpei’s reform addresses two prominent problems in higher education: students’ premature entry into professional studies leads to narrow knowledge; most students blindly choose majors, and there is a gap after learning.

"Beijing University is to train the same students into different people." Xu Chongren said that Yuanpei provides students with more choices. It may not be suitable for all students, but it is necessary for its existence. "

4. The marginalization of general education courses

Whether "General Knowledge" or "Liberal Arts", literally emphasizes broad knowledge. When conducting general education in Chinese universities, a common practice is to require students to take courses other than their major.

Peking University offers five general elective courses, covering mathematics and natural sciences, social sciences, philosophy and psychology, history, linguistics, literature and art. Students must complete at least one course in each category to graduate.

This practice partly refers to the curriculum schedule of elite American universities~www.readwn.com~ The most well-known among them is the "core curriculum" of the University of Chicago as a junior student.

This practice partly refers to the curriculum schedules of elite American universities, the most well-known of which is undoubtedly the "core curriculum" of the University of Chicago as a junior student.

The core courses include humanities, mathematics and natural sciences, and social sciences, emphasizing western classical humanistic traditions, classic reading and critical writing, with heavy burdens and high standards. It is by no means that students can work hard outside of professional courses. It is passable, so the University of Chicago students actually start to devote all their energy to major courses in the third year.

In contrast, a Peking University student needs to complete 140 credits to graduate, while the general elective courses account for only 16 credits. The rest are required professional courses, professional elective courses, English courses, and political courses.

In the lower grades, most of the students' energy is spent on professional courses. In the upper grades, they are busy with internships, job hunting, applying for overseas graduate schools and graduation thesis. The effective teaching time at universities is actually only three years.

Teachers from Peking University have devoted considerable enthusiasm and effort to the general elective courses. There are many domestic first-class scholars in related fields who teach general elective courses. Remember the website of this site, www. biquxu. Com, easy to read next time, or enter "" on Baidu to enter this site