New Shun 1730

This difficulty lies in the minimum standard of the small family farmer economy in the New World—according to the historical reforms of Jefferson, there is a famous one-quarter minimum amount split for land purchase.

According to the standard of "poor peasants" in North America at this time, it was 40 acres, or 240 acres; the standard of "lower peasants" in North America was 160 acres, or 960 acres; and the standard of true "middle peasants" was 480 acres. One of Jefferson's reform measures was to cut the original "minimum middle peasant standard for land purchase" into a quarter.

Even according to the New World's "poor" standards, 240 acres is a quite attractive figure in Dashun.

Assuming that one household has 240 acres of farmland, two-thirds of the land is left fallow for crop rotation, and one-third is used for fodder for livestock breeding. This number will still attract a large number of people.

The common people here, when classified in Dashun, are not poor peasants, but well-off squires and small landowners with military merit. They can still be counted in the category of "common people" here.

But the trouble with this kind of flocking is that in Dashun, my family doesn't have 240 acres of land, so I'm afraid they can't afford the ticket to cross the ocean.

Because in this era, if you want to ensure that the mortality rate from scurvy is low, the cost of a trip from Dashun to North America is quite high.

What really affects the stability of the Dashun Dynasty is precisely those people whose families don't have 240 acres of land, let alone 24 acres of land.

The "difficulty" Li Han mentioned is, to put it bluntly, the difference between "protecting Dashun" and "serving China".

If we talk about "for China" in the abstract, then the imperial court will pay for immigration and move some small landowners, hereditary families with military merit, and the sons of fifth- and sixth-rank military officers there. In thirty to fifty years, there will still be a million Chinese people on the west coast, which can resist the The east coast's westward march is stress-free.

But in fact, immigrating this group of people is not even the icing on the cake for Dashun. Because these people are the group of people with the lowest willingness to rebel.

In fact, the "contract slave" method is not suitable for Dashun. Because the essence of indentured servants is exploitation, and they need to complete the "last hop of the commodity." Wherever the capital goes, it hires people and cultivates land, isn't it still for money? So what can you grow on the West Coast and sell for money? Can we participate in world trade?

The gap between reality and ideal is huge.

In reality, Dashun collected money, and the court paid for immigration, targeted immigration, and removed the poorest tenants. It can not only ensure good fortune, but also benefit China, and everyone will be happy.

In reality, Dashun collected money, and the court paid for immigrants. Most of the people removed were the concubines of military and industrial landlords, the children of gentry, and the not-so-poor relatives of officials.

Because even if the number of North American lands is halved and halved again, North American lands still have an insurmountable advantage: no corvee service is required, and no local taxes are assessed.

Take Shandong as an example. Even if Liu Yu dug the river channel and the Yellow River flows through Shandong, do the river embankments need to be maintained? Do you need someone for maintenance? When the rainy season comes in summer, should everyone go up the embankment? Even if the law on collecting labor is changed, and the rich households contribute money and the poor households contribute their efforts, won’t they still have to do corvee work on themselves?

How much tax does Dashunzheng pay? This is an embarrassing figure.

Even "three rates" does not seem to be too much in theory, but the upper level charges one tael and the lower level receives fifteen taels; the local finances have no money, and the court has always acquiesced in the local government's assessment of fire consumption and donations.

Theoretically, there is another way, which is to select a group of "millions of students" from Dashun and send them there.

But in fact, it doesn’t work in practice.

When I was young, people still thought about going up the ladder and becoming a scholar or something like that.

The older ones... basically have no future. Dashun sent a group of poor scholars of their grandfather's generation to North America to cultivate wasteland? Not to mention whether they are willing to go or not, even if they are willing to go, as a "student welfare", do these people get it?

In the end, if this is done, Dashun's practical school will really rebel: Oh, we are marginalized people and admit that we cannot be regular officials and do not join the civil service system. Immigrants do good things such as "welfare" and so on. It's not our turn? We are the ones who fight the war, and we are the ones who explore. If you say that for the sake of the country, for fairness, and for the purpose of alleviating the contradiction between man and land, we have to move the landless and jobless poor people there. We will accept it. For the sake of justice and principle, Can. But after doing it for a long time, it was given to that group of people as a "benefits for the students". What kind of bastard is there? Then just find a leader, prepare the yellow robe, "Sir, let's do it!"

That's why Li Han said "difficult".

When he said "difficult", he said it was difficult from the perspective of the Dashun Dynasty.

From the perspective of a blood group, what is difficult? What's so difficult? How could it be difficult?

If the Cape of Good Hope is a card, the Southern Ocean will be filled with Chinese people sooner or later, and it will be full in a hundred years; once a gold mine is dug, the west coast of North America will be built in thirty to fifty years, and there will be three to five million people. It is as easy as Zhang Fei eating bean sprouts. Not to mention blocking the east coast from advancing westward, it may even push it to the Appalachian Mountains.

For the emperor, with the finalization of the "Versailles Peace Treaty" that was about to be signed, the emperor's prestige reached the peak of his life.

However, time is fair to everyone, and death is the most equal judgment.

This kind of reform that involves equalizing land and even reshaping the financial structure, if it is a reform rather than a violent overthrow, then it requires an emperor with extremely high prestige to accomplish it.

But similarly, for someone other than the founding emperor, when his prestige has reached its peak, time is running out.

Li Han knew that he had no chance of inheriting even one in 10,000. Whether it was due to his physical disability or his childhood baptism experience, it was absolutely impossible.

And his elder brother, the current crown prince...

Some things, his father might be able to accomplish with his extremely high prestige, although it is still difficult, but at least there is a one in ten thousand chance; and the same is that if his brother does it, he will definitely, definitely, and will definitely accomplish Wang Mang's reform.

The only way he can think of is the "Eight Prefectures Inspector".

The court directly formed a capable review team, one county at a time, and directly selected candidates from the court who have no connection with the local area to accurately review the qualifications of immigrants. But behind this, it also involves whether the land will be evenly distributed after the people are moved, whether the tax system will be reformed, whether the personal dependence of tenants under the land system will be abolished, etc. One move will affect the whole body. If one county moves, as a model, people in other places will definitely react.

Neither this nor that works. Li Li thinks that even though Dashun has won the Atlantic Ocean, for the Li Dynasty, it is probably the last prosperous period of prosperity, and then it will be just eating and waiting for death until the cycle comes.

He didn't expect one thing after all: the reason why Liu Yu did not choose to continue the reform was that Liu Yu had only three words left for Dashun Li Dynasty: it can't be governed, it's hopeless, and it's ready to leave.

In fact, at this point, the Treaty of Versailles actually prepared two paths for Dashun Li Dynasty.

One is to use billions of acres of land overseas, as the current radicals of practical learning envision, to grow corn and wheat, which is enough to ensure that 50 million farmers live a prosperous life, not to mention the wheat and livestock mixed agricultural belt in the United States, to complete the equal distribution of land.

The other is to use the European market, Indian market, East African market, and Middle Eastern market obtained by the treaty to withstand all pressures and complete the transformation of industry and commerce. Relying on these markets, the industrialization transformation of the coastal areas was completed, and a completely different path from the past small-scale peasant economy was taken.

Even if these two paths were integrated, with both industrialization and immigration as a pressure relief valve to reduce the pain of the impact of industrialization on the small-scale peasant economy, then it would naturally be the best, most perfect, and even low-intensity change that could be completed with the death of 7 or 8 million people. It sounds scary, but in fact, if it could be completed with the death of only 7 or 8 million people, he would be a great figure worthy of being named in the annals of history. Because if we calculate according to the death standard of 7 or 8 million people mentioned here, it is not an exaggeration. How many people died in Britain? With that small population, not to mention Ireland and Scotland, let alone the Bengal famine, how many people died from religious persecution in Britain? How many people died from the Jacobite uprisings and repressions that lasted for decades, and the high mortality rate of non-Anglican heretics forced to immigrate? How many people died from the indentured servants who crossed the ocean after the enclosure movement? How high was the mortality rate of the early Virginia Company, which claimed that "everyone would be replaced every three years"? The "two cannons filled with grapeshot aimed at the workers' area and ready to fire at any time" in the first water-powered loom are still used as cultural relics at the factory site.

But obviously, neither of these two paths can be taken by the Li family of Dashun.

Huaxia can take it, and the prerequisites have been basically met by relying on the Treaty of Versailles.

But the Li Dynasty of Dashun cannot take it.

As later generations have commented: The Russians will break through Berlin and plant their flags on the Reichstag, but the Romanov family will not see it.

The soon-to-be-signed Treaty of Versailles actually solved two things for Dashun.

The land in North America and the buffer of the immigration cycle.

The European market and the demarcation of the sphere of influence east of the Cape of Good Hope.

Some truths are easy to explain in Britain. For example, as long as full industrialization can solve the livelihood of most people, all you need is a colonial market of 30 million square kilometers, then all contradictions will be diluted.

The same truth is difficult to explain in Dashun. Many people of the practical school believe that industrialization is the future, but how far is this future?

If Dashun's land is guaranteed to "the labor limit of each agricultural population in the iron and ox-ploughing era", then only 60 million agricultural population are needed. The remaining 300 million people are all engaged in industry and commerce?

From the perspective of the future, it seems that the problem is not big: 300 million people are engaged in industry and commerce, isn't this normal?

From the perspective of the present, even if Liu Yu has always "judged accurately", but this statement... there are really not many people who truly believe it.

Capital, according to their needs, will transform the entire world.

And transformation requires a long process.

Take India as an example. The Indian market before "untransformation" can only "feed" a maximum of 200,000 industrial populations in Dashun. For now, that's it.

This transformation process has to ask a question: Is Dashun included in this "world to be transformed"?

Should Dashun's own small peasant economy of men farming and women weaving be destroyed, collapsed, and transformed first?

The British "Enclosure Movement" was to open up fields and break up well-fields, and to determine the exclusive ownership of land. If Dashun wanted to follow this path, it seemed that there was no need to change the ownership.

Then, this path actually does not involve a "land law" issue, but only an economic issue: Dashun, can you provide industrial and commercial jobs for 200 million tenants and poor farmers?

How many jobs oriented to foreign trade and export can the sphere of influence and market content of the Treaty of Versailles provide for Dashun? Not necessarily good jobs, even if you go to clean chimneys in narrow chimneys, dig coal in mines, or even rub cotton in cotton fields, or even cut wood for shipbuilding, how many people can be accommodated in total?

This is another reason for Li Li's lament. After all, the Treaty of Versailles did two things for Dashun. If the second thing, that is, foreign trade-oriented exports, can accommodate enough people, Li Li does not have to lament - if that's the case, then the immigration issue is just the future of China, or the icing on the cake. What else is there to worry about? The contradiction between people and land, without considering the curbing of productivity by the tenancy system, can also be considered from the perspective of capitalism as the contradiction between "I want to work" and "no opportunity to work". If export orientation and overseas markets can provide "labor" opportunities for 200 million people, then from the perspective of capitalism, there is no problem, so what is there to worry about?

But Li Li did not think that it could accommodate enough people. In fact, most people around Li Li did not think that it could accommodate so many people.

Therefore, the immigration issue was not as simple as icing on the cake for the Dashun Dynasty, but it was related to whether the most important contradiction between people and land in Dashun could be alleviated, which led to the disagreement of "Dashun is Dashun, Huaxia is Huaxia".

For Dashun, it is necessary to increase immigration by an order of magnitude with high intensity.

For Huaxia, there is no need to rush. Liu Yu has already buried a lot of mines and dug a lot of pits in North America and Europe. Even if it comes slowly, it can ensure the population advantage of Huaxia in North America in thirty or fifty years.

In fact, when Dashun came to this point, at this time, the internal and external economic operation of the system was not Adam Smith's economics, although Dashun shouted free trade fiercely; nor was it Ricardo's system, because Dashun was too weird, making it impossible for Europe to have the so-called "relative advantage".

In fact, Dashun was doing fucking [Malthusian economics].

That is: [The capitalists and workers who rely on commodity production cannot provide effective demand at all. ]

[It is necessary to ensure the existence of a group of people who "only consume, not produce". Only by relying on these people can sufficient "effective demand" be provided. ]

[That is, landlords, officials, the military, usurers, nobles with slaves, etc., they only consume, not produce. Without them, there will definitely be an economic crisis.]

Of course, for Dashun, this so-called "effective demander" also includes the consumption of gold and silver in Europe, where the amount of gold and silver deposited was extremely high.

That is, relying on European consumers, domestic landlords and gentry, military nobles, and student landowners, relying on them to maintain "effective demand" to alleviate the outbreak of the crisis.

Dashun did not have Malthus, but it had "Guan Zi". Speaking out of context, the student's claim that he was exempted from privilege also makes sense: You see, we are effective demanders who do not produce but consume. Without us, who will sell things to? Wouldn't that lead to an economic crisis? Therefore, instead of canceling our preferential treatment and limiting land rent, we should be encouraged to consume lavishly, as it is said in Guanzi, that when burning firewood, people should be hired to carve patterns on it. That is the right thing to do.

Even if we are told to reduce the land rent for the gentry and landlords, can the tenants buy cotton cloth for consumption? Most of them will ask their wives to rub it to save money, right? So, isn’t it better for us to increase the rent and continue the nine-out-thirteen return to boost consumption? Because according to Malthusian economics, or the broken Guanzi economics, we can provide "effective demand", while tenants cannot provide effective demand.

Landlords are not necessarily opposed to bourgeois economics, and economics is originally a "classic" for different classes. There are ten thousand kinds of economics for ten thousand butts, and they all seem to make sense and logically self-consistent. Landlords and rentiers also have their own economics.

This is determined by the economic foundation of Dashun, although Liu Yu originally threw this set of economics and population theory over to cheat Japan with the idea of ​​cheating people.

But now, it is really like shooting itself in the foot. With the shift from exports to domestic sales, and with the European market to be gained with the upcoming signing of the Treaty of Versailles, this set of things is now very popular in Dashun.