New Shun 1730

This stone hit Liu Yu's foot and made him grimace in pain.

The trade issues related to Dashun in the Treaty of Versailles can indeed be explained by Malthusian economics - the effective demand of the country is insufficient, so effective demand must be found.

Now in Versailles, France, Dashun has almost finished talking about trade issues.

Generally speaking, there are only a few contents:

First:

France dissolves the East India Company, Britain dissolves the East India Company, and Denmark dissolves the East India Company. European countries shall not establish exclusive monopoly trading companies targeting China and India.

Countries should restrict their own shipowners from sailing eastward beyond the Cape of Good Hope, and shall not issue any form of license with the trade scope east of the Cape of Good Hope.

This article does not mean that Dashun opposes free trade, nor does it mean that Dashun wants to engage in monopoly trade.

It is because Dashun prohibits Catholicism, Protestantism, etc., which are not registered by Dashun, whose patriarchs are canonized by the Li government, and use the Bible translated by Dashun relying on Nestorianism.

Use translations such as "Trinity Wonderful Body" and "Mishhapuzun Great Son". And personnel need to be issued certificates by the Li government according to similar means such as monks, Taoists, and nuns. And the "Great Dharma Master", that is, the Patriarch, must be selected and approved by the Li government. Without the nod of the Li government, it is fake and will not be recognized.

In addition, it is not allowed to preach in the interior, mainly to divide and disintegrate and absorb the large number of Catholics who existed before Dashun.

Therefore, this is not a trade issue, nor does it involve free trade, but a religious issue.

Given that the Dutch were full of nonsense in Japan before, they lied that they did not believe in Christianity at all for the sake of trade.

Therefore, with this previous record, Dashun did not accept any form of "claiming to be out of religion" to go to the east of the Cape of Good Hope for trade.

Second:

France handed over the territory of the French East India Company in India to Dashun for management as a thank you for defending France's West African colonies.

France will not station troops in Mauritius, and the French navy will withdraw from Mauritius, but France still has sovereignty and jurisdiction over Mauritius.

Britain will cede colonies and trading posts in India, Southeast Asia, Bengkulu and other places. All members and garrisons of the East India Company will withdraw from Southeast Asia and India.

Britain will give up trading posts in Muscat, Somalia, Persia and other places.

Portugal will give up its colonies in Southeast Asia and India such as Timor and Goa and hand them over to Dashun.

Denmark will give up the colony of Tranqueba and hand it over to Dashun for management.

Spain's Gibraltar will be temporarily co-managed by Dashun and France. Spain's colonies in Luzon will be retained, but Spain must not support the Roman Catholic Church to send missionaries to Dashun. The Spanish Governorate of Luzon will perform its review obligations and investigate the activities of various religious groups in Luzon.

Dashun will provide Spain with 4,000 "diehard Catholics" to immigrate to the Mississippi region and be managed by the local Spanish diocese. If Spain is willing to pay, Dashun can also provide more, and all the diehard Catholics can be moved away.

Dashun will trade with Spain in the Luzon region in Sulu. Dashun's merchant ships will not go to Luzon, and Spanish merchant ships cannot go to Dashun ports.

The issue of Portugal's Mozambique is not under discussion for the time being, but the slave trade in Mozambique needs to obtain a license from Dashun to pass through the Cape of Good Hope. Dashun can sink unlicensed merchant ships.

In other words, except for Spain's Luzon and Portugal's Mozambique, European forces east of the Cape of Good Hope have been swept away.

Denmark is just making up the numbers. Even if Dashun does not force Denmark to sign a treaty, Denmark's East India Company will be dissolved. Tranqueba is blocked by "pirates" all day long, and it is really unbearable.

The Luzon issue is more troublesome, so there is no need to rush. We can take it slowly in the future. Anyway, we have Gibraltar as collateral. As for Mozambique, Portugal cannot let it go because of the slave trade. Moreover, Spain is too weak. If they fight Portugal, they will be overwhelmed by the Portuguese peasants. Dashun does not have the strength to reach out so far for the time being, but it will completely clean up Portugal's influence in Mozambique.

It is mainly because of Portugal's policy in Mozambique that a lot of local "beneficiaries of the slave trade" have been created. Dashun does not engage in slave trade, so it is also troublesome to take Mozambique.

Slave trade and opium trade are the two bottom lines, which Dashun is determined not to do.

Anyway, Portugal is ruined, so there is no rush. It is a matter of time.

Third:

Permanent neutrality of the Netherlands.

The seven countries of China, Britain, France, Russia, Austria, Spain and Sweden will jointly guarantee the permanent neutrality of the Netherlands.

The Austrian Netherlands lowland area will be demilitarized, and countries are not allowed to station troops, and France is not allowed to stockpile troops in border areas.

Austria has jurisdiction over the Austrian Netherlands, but may not station troops there.

The Protestant Netherlands and the Catholic Austrian Netherlands may not send missionaries to each other.

Dashun will ensure that Silesia belongs to Austria.

The "Polish issue" and the "Prussian issue" will be resolved in the subsequent secret agreement between China, Russia, Austria and France. They are not within the direct interests of Dashun, but are used as bargaining chips for the permanent neutrality of the Austrian Netherlands and the Netherlands.

Dashun will form a joint fleet with the Netherlands to defend the Netherlands and ensure the neutrality of the Netherlands.

Any country that declares war on the Netherlands will be regarded as declaring war on Dashun.

Dashun firmly maintains Amsterdam's status as a European financial center, and supports and affirms the Netherlands' "completely unregulated precious metal export policy."

Fourth:

Dashun's goods will be sold in the Amsterdam futures market.

Dashun guarantees that it will not send merchant ships to sell goods in other places west of the Cape of Good Hope. All Dashun merchant ships will concentrate on trading in Amsterdam.

Dashun will impose a unified "European tariff" on Amsterdam's goods.

Before purchasing goods, merchants from various countries must register to determine the destination of the goods, and Dashun will pay the tariffs to each country in proportion.

The Netherlands will not impose tariffs again in Amsterdam.

Because for the Netherlands, levying tariffs is meaningless. The Netherlands's provincial parliament has been abolished, and the army and navy cannot be supported.

As long as Amsterdam's status as a European financial center can be guaranteed, the Dutch merchant class will be able to sell everything.

Similarly, if Amsterdam is the only turnover center for East-West trade, it will bring Amsterdam another prosperity, and even return to the prosperity of the "Golden Age".

Finance, logistics, consumption, hotels, brothels, dock workers, bonds, insurance, etc. are enough to support the prosperity of Amsterdam, a financial center.

Merchants in Amsterdam will no longer smuggle in North America, because it is meaningless.

However, the geographical advantage of the Netherlands as the "Rhine estuary" is unchangeable.

Then, the market along the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire is actually in the hands of Dutch merchants. They will be able to get cheap Dashun goods and make huge profits.

After all, the Ostend Company has long been gone, and Austria can't rebuild such a trading company. The market has been eaten by the Netherlands before. Austria is now bleeding badly and can't do this.

Fifth:

All Dashun goods purchased by British merchants will be registered and stamped by British officials in Amsterdam Customs.

After this, Britain shall not impose sub-tariffs on all oriental goods from Amsterdam Customs.

In all British colonies and islands, there will be no obstacles, no obstruction for any reason, and no secondary taxation.

All forms of taxation or administrative orders will be regarded as violations of the peace treaty. Including but not limited to luxury taxes, tolls, etc.

Britain will cancel any form of administrative orders to control oriental trade goods, including but not limited to cotton cloth prohibition orders, tea trading orders, etc.

This treaty was possible because Dashun and North American smugglers, British merchant groups, and commercial capital had already colluded.

It was not only Dashun's warships that guaranteed "free trade".

It was British commercial capital that guaranteed "free trade".

And this is the most critical clause in the entire Treaty of Versailles regarding the development of Dashun's industry and commerce.

This treaty, or this "free trade", is not just for Britain alone.

It is facing the whole of Europe.

Historically, why did North American smugglers create the Boston Tea Party?

The root cause is that Dutch tea is not taxed.

To a certain extent, in Europe, before 1800, the country closest to the word "free trade" was the Netherlands.

Why is Amsterdam's financial industry developed?

Because the export of precious metals is completely unrestricted.

Why are Dutch smugglers rampant?

Because Dutch commercial capital killed the country's guilds and local forces, and the province of Amsterdam "colonized" the other six provinces.

As a result, the Netherlands almost controlled more than half of the tea trade in Europe, but the Netherlands could not even organize a fleet, because the federal parliament was ruled by big businessmen and big financiers. Could they collect their own taxes?

"Free" to the point that Dutch merchants could continue to buy the bonds of enemy countries during wartime without any financial control; "free" to the point that Dutch merchants could hoard wood before the war and sell it to the warship manufacturing industry at a high price...

The Netherlands was too close to "free trade" and "financial freedom" was too developed.

Therefore, in 1780, the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, the Netherlands was hammered.

The high amount of British bonds purchased? Britain directly refused to pay interest.

The British bonds purchased by the Netherlands depreciated, and Britain directly repurchased the bonds at a low price, not only did it not have to pay interest, but also saved the principal.

In one wave, the financial center of Europe was moved from Amsterdam to London.

Of course, here we only talk about the issue of "Oriental trade goods".

So, before this, the country that levied the least tariffs on Eastern trade goods in Europe was the Netherlands.

That is to say, after the intervention of Dashun, the Netherlands was the only country in Europe that played "free trade" with Dashun, or at least the closest to free trade.

So, all countries had a headache.

Britain had a headache because Dutch tea was rampant in North America.

France had a headache because it finally got some "high-tech" customs lead locks. If they were made today, the Netherlands would be able to crack them tomorrow, and smuggled goods would be everywhere.

It should be noted that the reason why smuggling was "profitable" was that the Netherlands levied less tax on oriental trade goods.

Therefore, there was the Boston Tea Party in history.

In other words, if the Netherlands also imposed an 80% tariff on tea, would there still be smuggled tea?

Therefore, if there was only one Netherlands, countries could still control "smuggling" with all their strength.

Or, they could still refuse "free trade".

Now, although Dashun only reached an agreement with Britain, it could only negotiate with Britain because Britain was a defeated country.

So.

One Netherlands, one Britain.

These two are enough to stir up the whole of Europe, and they have to "stop increasing tariffs on oriental trade goods".

For example, France wants to protect its own industry.

Originally, with the East India Company, the king could replace the governor with a word. Similarly, the king could make the East India Company import less oriental trade goods with a word, so as not to kill the domestic industry.

At this time, only the Netherlands had "low tariffs".

The Netherlands smuggled itself.

Everyone was annoyed. Britain also caught it, France also caught it, and the Netherlands had nothing. The fleet was completely destroyed, and even the port was silted up so that even battleships could not dock.

This is relatively easy to catch.

Now, add Britain.

What should France do?

Increase taxes?

Then smuggling cannot be eliminated.

Originally, the main smugglers in the Netherlands were caught.

Now, they have to catch the Dutch, the British, and those small countries.

Whoever sells more goods will get more tariffs.

Even if France says, "I don't want this import tariff, I want to continue Colbert's industrial protection and domestic industrial substitutionism."

Then will France's words work?

A wave of Dutch smugglers came today, a wave of Swedish smugglers came tomorrow, a wave of Prussian smugglers came the day after tomorrow, and a wave of British smugglers came the day after tomorrow.

Can it be prevented?

It can't be prevented.

As long as Britain votes, Britain plus the Netherlands is equivalent to the whole of Europe, and the tariffs on oriental trade goods have been liberalized.

Because it can't be prevented.

At most, for example, lacquerware, Paris goods can be fake, and the domestic market can still be preserved. But that's all.

Dashun said that Chinese goods in Amsterdam have been subject to tariffs in advance.

This is only added by Dashun himself, and this "import tariff" will be shared by various countries.

Can France add tariffs on its own?

Of course it can.

Dashun was only a victor over Britain, forcing Britain not to increase import duties, but it could not do the same to France.

If France wanted, it could "impose another tax on entering France on top of the taxes already levied in Amsterdam."

This matter was France's "internal affairs" and Dashun had no control over it.

However, it was theoretically possible, but would it work in reality?

It's easy to prevent a "smuggler".

How to prevent Britain and the Netherlands?

Moreover, there was the issue of slave trade. The start of France's cotton textile industry was due to the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, when France's slave trade could not get enough cotton textiles.

There was no other way, so the French Ministry of Finance took the lead in setting up a cotton textile factory in Nantes, and even black Africa complained about the poor quality.

Now, all countries can get cotton textiles, which are cheap, high-quality, and abundant, and are taxed only once in Amsterdam.

If France insists on raising taxes, how can you compete with the Netherlands and Britain in your slave trade?

The slave trade in France was originally painful. Wine is more expensive than rum after all. Except for some special green zones where rum cannot be drunk but only "special grape juice", France itself is not allowed to produce rum.

Textiles plus wine, this is 75% of the slave triangle trade.

Europe is different from Dashun.

As long as the navy is still there and the centralization of power does not collapse, Dashun can stabilize tariffs.

For example, only trade in Songsu is allowed, or a unified tax rate is stipulated.

Under the conditions of great unification, what can you Shandong be so arrogant that you don’t listen to the court and open ports for low-tariff trade?

Obviously not.

In Europe, the countries are split.

You France can only control France’s tariffs, but not the Netherlands.

The Netherlands said, I won’t increase tariffs, and my merchants will smuggle to you. What can France do? Britain said, I won’t increase tariffs either, and my merchants will smuggle to you France, and I can’t control it.

Theoretically, France can use diplomatic means to say, "You should control the smugglers in your own country. I can't stand it if they keep smuggling to me."

In reality, unless it is solved directly by force like the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, otherwise, will Britain take the initiative to control its own "foreign smugglers"? The more the better.

Only the Netherlands did this, and in history, the Boston Tea Party was created. Britain had to rely on force to solve the headache in the end.

Now, at least two countries, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, will definitely not increase tariffs, which means that tariffs cannot be increased in the whole of Europe. At least on the trade goods of Dashun, it cannot be increased.

No one can increase it.

Whoever increases it is stupid. In the end, not only will the tariffs be confiscated, the slave trade will collapse, and smuggled goods will still be rampant.

It's not just France.

Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, Denmark, the Holy Roman Empire... all the same.

Whoever increases it will suffer.

If they don't, at least they can keep their base and take their share of the "total tariff" according to their respective spheres of influence.

Indeed, France is also a victorious country.

Then what?

As a victorious country, does it mean that France does not need to build an army and invest all its money in the navy and overseas colonies?

France, as a victorious country, beat Prussia. The problem is that there has been a century-old conflict between France and Austria. Now that Prussia is abolished, it means that the conflict between France and Austria has become the primary conflict again. France still has to support the army, and there is no way to invest all its money in the navy.

If there is no way to invest all its money in the navy, there is no way to turn against Dashun.

If you can't turn against Dashun, you can't say that the Atlantic Ocean will belong to you in the future. We trade at the Cape of Good Hope. France wants to monopolize the oriental trade products of the whole of Europe. You, Dashun, don't go over the Cape of Good Hope.

Because this is bullshit, Dashun doesn't listen at all.

If you dare to turn against Dashun, Dashun will dare to cooperate with other countries and blow up the French navy.

As long as you can't stop Dashun's merchant ships from going to Amsterdam, then, when all the East India companies of various countries are blown up, France, the "victorious country", can't stop the sale of Dashun's products in France.

Maybe, Colbert's legacy can still guarantee a private reserve for high-quality imitations such as lacquerware and silk.

But that's all.

To some extent, the East India companies of various countries "protect their own industries". Because at least they are big, easy to manage, can be checked, and can be arrested. Let's put it this way, if there was no British East India Company, the British cotton cloth ban would be impossible to enforce. The bigger the company, the easier it is to manage, as long as the central authority can still control it and punish those who disobey. But now, all countries have lost their power, and there are a large number of "free" businessmen. The customs of this era cannot control, catch or punish them all.