Super Chief

Agusta pointed to a set of seemingly complicated experimental equipment not far from the glass room and said: "Boss, this is the freeze-dried extraction equipment that we have developed based on your instructions. You see, this is a reduction. Press tank, this is the air extraction equipment, this is the low-temperature refrigeration equipment, this is the continuous heating equipment, this is..."

　　 Arriving here, Agustalow looked extremely excited, this is his place, and everything here is condensed with all his efforts.

　　He is the real master here.

　　 Ishikuma looked at it and nodded in satisfaction.

　　 Although he attaches great importance to the Yanhuang Institute of Science and Technology, and he has invested no cost for the Institute of Science and Technology, but his usual work is too much, which leaves him little time to inspect the Institute of Science and Technology. Moreover, the Institute of Science and Technology is not just a medical park, there are many other science and technology parks.

　　 So although Shi Xiong has been to the Science and Technology Institute several times, this is the second time he has visited the Medical Garden. When he came to the medical garden last time, the medical garden did not have so many facilities and not so many people. The current medical garden is completely different from when he came last time.

"Boss, according to your prompt, we did a three-phase test at the beginning." A wry smile appeared on Agusta's face. "We have long known the three phases of water, solid, liquid and Gaseous, I also know how sublimation and sublimation are the same, but to find the true triple point, it really took us a lot of effort and a lot of time. But fortunately, we did not humiliate our lives and found the temperature of the triple point. After adding the air pressure data, our freeze-drying extraction method is even 80% complete."

　　 The triple point mentioned by Agustadays, Shixiong is of course clear, the term he told Agustadays.

The three forms of water, solid, liquid and gaseous, have been known by many European scientists and alchemists in this age. They also know that when water is in a liquid state, as long as it is heated to a certain temperature, the water will boil. Then it becomes gaseous. Well, this temperature refers to the degree Celsius that has just been proposed for more than 30 years, and the specific figure is 100 degrees Celsius.

　　 Conversely, if the liquid water is cooled to a certain temperature, which is 0 degrees Celsius, the liquid water will become solid ice.

　　It is a well-known thing to realize the three-phase change of water by heating or cooling.

　　 Similarly, the sublimation from the solid state to the gaseous state and the direct transformation from the gaseous state to ancient sublimation are also known to most scientists in this era.

But the three-phase point that combines the sublimation/sublimation point, evaporation/condensation point, and melting/freezing point into one three-phase point, no one knows in this era, and no one can think of changes in air pressure and temperature. It can make the liquid water present a state where three phases of solid/liquid/gas coexist at the same time.

　　 This triple point of water, which was discovered and proposed in the twentieth century, was later set as the only reference point for thermodynamic temperature. But in this age, the triple point of water has not yet been discovered.

Although Shixiong was a liberal arts student in his previous life, he still knew this basic thermodynamic physics unit, and he also knew how to obtain the triple point of water. He also knew that to purify penicillin, he had to use freeze-drying. Come to realize.

　　 And the front of the freeze-drying method is to find the triple point of water.

　　 Finding the triple point of water, if in later lives, it is a breeze. But now, knowing is one thing, it is very difficult to find the triple point of water.

　　 Everyone knows that when the temperature remains the same, there is also atmospheric pressure that affects the phase state of water. For example, at sea level, when the pressure is basically one atmosphere, water needs to be heated to 100 degrees Celsius before it can boil.

　　 But if the altitude rises, the air pressure will decrease and the boiling point of water will decrease accordingly. In the Sunshine City in the Huaxia Tibetan Region, at an altitude of 3650 meters, water will boil as long as it is heated to 92 degrees Celsius.

　　 This is the decrease in the boiling point of water due to changes in air pressure.

　　 So, if the air pressure drops to a certain level, water can boil at room temperature.

　　 Conversely, if the air pressure continues to rise, the boiling point of water will continue to rise at the same temperature. Cooking things quickly with a pressure cooker is actually because the pressure in the pressure cooker is much higher than the outside world, so the boiling point of the water will rise a lot, and the things cooked in the pot will be easier to cook.

　　 Although Galileo discovered air pressure more than 130 years ago, and Torricelli later invented the barometer, even in this era, there are not many applications of air pressure in the scientific community.

　　 Perhaps many people now know that changes in air pressure and temperature will have different effects on liquid water, but it is still too early to find the triple point of water.

　　 If it weren't for Shixiong's prompts and instructions, AgustaWestland would not know how to fix the triple point of water.

　　 But with Shixiong’s tips and instructions, AgustaWestland and his team members finally found the triple point of water after spending a long time. At a temperature of 0.01 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 0.61 atmospheres, pure water will present a state where three phases of solid, liquid, and gas coexist.

"Boss, you said that penicillin is not resistant to high temperatures and must be purified at low temperatures. So when we found the triple point of water, we frozen the culture medium for cultivating penicillin~www.readwn.com ~Then we put the frozen solid culture medium into the decompression tank, which is this device." Agusta pointed to the sealed device made of thick glass.

"After the frozen culture solution is put into the decompression tank, we start to extract the air in the decompression tank. Because the air in the decompression tank is continuously drawn out, the air pressure in the decompression tank will decrease. At the same time, we will give The decompression tank keeps cooling down. When the temperature reaches 0.01 degrees Celsius and the pressure drops to 0.61 atmospheres, the water in the culture solution will continue to sublimate and become gas, leaving behind the penicillin powder that has been purified for the first time."

　　 Ishikuma nodded in satisfaction. In fact, this was his hint and instruction to Agust. This method is also the freeze-drying extraction method used by Ernst Chann to purify penicillin.

　　 It is not easy for French alchemists to really purify penicillin in this era according to this method.

"However, the penicillin powder after the first purification still contains about 10% water. Some water in these powders is attached to the penicillin powder in the form of crystal water. Once the temperature and air pressure change, the crystal water It will become a liquid, which will make the penicillin powder damp and cause the penicillin powder to deteriorate. Therefore, after the first purification, we use micro heating and continue to reduce the atmospheric pressure for a second purification. The penicillin powder purified in this way is The water content is only about 2%! This penicillin powder can be stored for a long time. The penicillin powder stored in the vial you see is the penicillin after the second purification!"

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