Iron Sonata of World War II

In the previous plane, the most epoch-making significance in the arrangement of turret members was the three-person turret that appeared on the No. [-] tank.When tank No. [-] is fighting enemy tanks, the commander is responsible for observation and command, the gunner is responsible for aiming and shooting, and the loader is responsible for loading shells. The division of labor is clear and reasonable.In this way, no matter how fierce the battle is, there will be no situation where one loses sight of another.

Although the No. [-] tank is one step ahead of the times in the arrangement of turret personnel, as the first three-man turret tank in large-scale service, the No. [-] tank still has some unsatisfactory aspects in the arrangement of turret members.For example, the commander's seat of the No. [-] tank is arranged in the middle of the rear of the turret, and the tail of the tank is facing the commander's seat.Such a seemingly symmetrical arrangement prevents the recoil stroke of the tank artillery from being too long, which in fact limits the upgrade potential of the tank's firepower.

After repeated tests in practice, the layout of the turret members in which the gunner and the commander are located on one side of the artillery, and the loader is located on the other side of the artillery has been generally recognized by designers from various countries.In the last plane, this layout has been used until the 21st century.

Helena naturally adopted this turret crew layout on the new light tanks as well.The new light tank did not have a dedicated radio operator like many World War II tanks, but handed over the on-board radio to the commander. This is also a common practice in later generations, which can greatly save the internal space of the car body and improve the utilization rate of tonnage.Thanks to the strong support of the "Peace Fund", Germany can now produce crystal frequency-stabilized tube radios, which are more convenient to operate.This is also Helena's confidence in her radical cancellation of full-time radio broadcasters.

Another innovation of the new light tank is the installation of an in-vehicle communication system for information exchange between the crew.You must know that when the tank is driving, the internal environment is quite noisy.It was so noisy that the commander even shouted to the gunner and loader around him.It may not be possible for the other party to hear clearly, let alone the driver sitting far away in the front of the car body.During World War II in the last plane, when the Soviet Union lacked an in-car communication system, the commanders used to communicate by kicking the driver’s shoulder (the commander kicked the driver’s left shoulder to turn left, and kicked the driver’s right shoulder to turn left). turn right), in which case precision command is not to be expected.

With the intercom system in the car, it is different. Each occupant in the car has a communication box, and the occupants communicate directly through the throat microphone and earphones connected to the communication box, without being disturbed by external noise at all. .Among them, the talking box of the driver's loader is only used for in-vehicle communication, while the talking boxes of the commander and gunner can be connected to the radio station to complete external communication.The other end of the intercom system in the vehicle is connected to a communication socket outside the vehicle. When the tank carries infantry, the communication socket can be used for communication between the crew inside the tank and the infantry carried outside.

The body of the new light tank used a more fashionable welded structure during this period (in the early 30s, the riveted body was still the mainstream).The specific thickness and layout of the armor of the tank body are as follows:

The thickness of the frontal armor of the car body is 30mm, and it is arranged at an angle of 60 degrees to the rear.

The thickness of the lower armor on both sides of the car body is 20mm, and it is arranged vertically (skirts can be installed).

The thickness of the upper armor on both sides of the car body is 20mm, and it is arranged inwardly at 35 degrees.

The thickness of the rear armor of the car body is 20mm, and it is arranged at a 20-degree inclination to the rear.

The thickness of the top and bottom armor of the car body is 10mm, and it is arranged horizontally.

The turret of the new light tank has a good shape to avoid bullets. It is similar to the M50 "Bulldog" tank developed by the United States in the early 41s in the previous plane. It is a shuttle-shaped turret with a tail compartment.The turret adopts a combination of casting and welding (the elliptical surface structure and the seat ring part of the front part of the turret are integrally cast, and the rest is a welded structure).The specific thickness and arrangement of the turret are as follows:

The thickness of the frontal armor of the turret is 50mm, and it is arranged at an equivalent inclination of 35 degrees.

The thickness of the armor on both sides of the turret is 30mm, and it is arranged at an inward slope of 35 degrees.

The thickness of the armor at the rear of the turret is 30mm, and it is arranged at a forward slope of 15 degrees.

The thickness of the front armor of the turret roof is 20mm, and it is arranged at a 70-degree inclination to the rear.

The armor thickness of the remaining part of the turret roof is 10mm, and it is arranged horizontally.

Like the M41 "Bulldog" tank in the United States, the gap where the gun is installed on the front of the turret of the new light tank is also covered by a rectangular cast gun mantlet. The longitudinal section of the gun mantlet is wedge-shaped, and the thickest part reaches 65mm.

The main gun of the light tank is a 48mm tank gun with 60 times the diameter.The barrel ammunition used by the gun is exactly the same as the traction type used by the infantry, except that in order to adapt to the small space in the tank, a stronger retreat device has been replaced and the recoil travel has been shortened.The main gun has a total of 72 rounds of ammunition, 24 of which are stored in the tail compartment of the turret for easy access by the loader, and the rest are placed on the right side of the front of the hull.All shells are protected by water jackets (at the technical level of World War II, it is basically impossible to completely isolate ammunition from personnel, and water jackets are a more reliable ammunition safety measure).

该炮使用60×445mm的弹药，在发射被帽穿甲弹时，可以在500米的距离上击穿倾斜30度放置的80mm均质钢板，这个威力已经足以对30年代出现的绝大多数装甲目标构成致命的威胁了。对于一款战斗全重不到13吨的轻型坦克来说，这样的火力配置已经可以算是相当强大了（AMX-13之类的摇摆炮塔异端另说）。

The secondary weapon of the tank is expected to be two machine guns, one arranged coaxially with the main gun, and the other installed on the rotating frame of the loader hatch on the top of the turret.Why is it expected?Because there is no suitable vehicle-mounted machine gun available in Germany now.

The new light tank was given the official designation "PzKpfw I", or "Panzer One".At Helena's suggestion, the Weapons Bureau gave this type of tank an official nickname: "Weasel".

Although several prototypes of the new light tanks have been produced, these prototypes obviously still need to pass a series of tests and correct a series of small bugs in production and design before they can reach a technical state that can be delivered to troops for trial.

However, after our Helena established the technical framework of "Tank No. 1932", it is obvious that she has no intention of paying attention to those minutiae.On the one hand, this is because Helena believes that as long as the overall design framework is not too flawed, the ability of German designers in terms of refinement and perfection of design can still be trusted.On the other hand, as the date of the German general election at the end of [-] approached, the political situation in Germany was becoming more and more turbulent.

Chapter 78 Some trivia

General Sektor, Mrs. Sektor, and Helena are having dinner together at the dining table of Sektor's house.At this time, Helena was absent-mindedly competing with the baked potatoes on the plate. Even though she had lived in Germany for more than ten years, Helena still couldn't like the monotonous and rigid German dishes of this era.

It’s not that the taste of German food itself is unpalatable. The main reason is that the German cooking method is too monotonous. It’s either stewed or roasted, and there’s nothing new about it. "The Germanic people are indeed uncivilized barbarians who just came out of the forest. With such monotonous cooking techniques, they are still on the level of the Shang Dynasty people, at least 3000 years behind the Chinese people." Helena despised Germany in her heart With a person's level of cooking, while using a fork to pick up the baked potatoes on the plate, they are about to be delivered to their mouths.

"Helena, how is the development of our new tank?" General Seekert, who was sitting at the dining table, put down the cup in his hand and asked Helena. While wiping, the heat of the milk in the cup just now condensed a layer of water mist on his glasses.

"Henschel has produced three prototypes for testing, but it will take at least six months to perfect the technical details. You know, Dad, this tank is indeed a bit too big for us. , many new technologies still need to be verified more strictly. To be honest, I think compared with this tank, the test vehicles we secretly built before are not really tanks, at best they are some armored tractors That's all." Helena put the fork back on the plate, raised her head and replied seriously.

General Seckert nodded, and then put away his serious expression and said to Helena: "No wonder Colonel Lutz and Lieutenant Colonel Guderian told me with a pair of panda eyes that they were visiting No. [-] that day. After the demonstration of the prototype of the tank, they suffered from insomnia when they went back that night. They said that it felt like they had just dated their lover for the first time.

Helena knew that politically, her father in this life might indeed be a stubborn royalist.However, in terms of military affairs, General Seekert is indeed a military talent with superb professional skills and forward-looking vision!He once said: "For me, the future of warfare depends on the use of mobile forces. These elite squads will be significantly enhanced when they are supported by aircraft." The views of Derian and others coincide, so for Lutz and Guderian, General Seckert appreciates them very much.It has to be said that in the last plane, General Sekt was forced to resign because of his royalist tendencies, which was a great loss to the construction of the National Defense Force.

Just because General Sektor attached great importance to mobile troops, General Sektor always asked Helena about the equipment that could enhance the mobile combat capabilities of the troops, even many technical details.For example at this time.Helena is telling her father the story of the No. [-] tank in the selection of the turret:

It turned out that the No. [-] tank had tried two turret shapes when selecting the turret type. One was a shuttle-shaped turret with a tail compartment similar to the second-generation Western tank in the previous plane, and the other was similar to the Soviet Union [-] in the previous plane. , The semi-oval turret of the second-generation tank.

In fact, Helena was more inclined to the Soviet-style semi-oval turret at the beginning. After all, as a Chinese military fan in her previous life, Helena more or less had a plot of "round head + five pairs of wheels".Moreover, the oval turret does have certain advantages over the fusiform turret in terms of the bomb avoidance effect of the same weight. Combined with the miniaturized gun mantlet, it can also minimize the area of ​​​​the bomb nest.

However, as the experiment progressed, Helena and the designers discovered the problem of the oval turret: In addition to limiting the elevation angle of the artillery, the Soviet-style oval turret has the biggest problem that the oval turret is not like a shuttle-shaped turret. There is a protruding structure on the front of the turret that can be used to place the artillery trunnion. The artillery trunnion of the oval turret can only be arranged within the turret seat ring, which greatly limits the recoil stroke of the artillery under the same seat ring diameter!

Then Helena and the engineers discovered: If the oval turret is used, the diameter of the turret seat ring originally designed will not be enough to install the powerful 48mm main gun with a diameter of 60 times!If forcibly strengthening the recoil mechanism of the artillery and shortening the stroke of the rear seat, the gun-to-vehicle ratio (the ratio of the recoil force of the artillery to the weight of the vehicle body) will be too large, and the stability of the vehicle body will be seriously affected after firing.It's not that Helena didn't think about expanding the diameter of the turret seat ring, but if the diameter of the turret seat ring is enlarged, the car body must also be widened, so the car body size cannot be controlled.

In the last plane, in order to increase the diameter of the turret seat ring, T-54 and T-62 even extended the turret seat ring to the top of the track on both sides of the car body, but this brought a new problem: the hanging basket under the turret How to arrange?The answer of the Soviets was to simply not have the turret gondola: the T-62 only had a simple rotating floor, while the T-54 did not even have a rotating floor.This approach of the Soviet Union greatly reduced the loading efficiency of the loader when the turret was rotating. T-54 and T-62 suffered a lot because of this in the Middle East war on the previous plane!

If the focus of tank design is limited to the offensive operations of large-scale armored groups, then the Soviet Union's design without turret baskets is actually not a big problem.Anyway, in this case, each tank only needs to be responsible for a very narrow frontal angle, and it doesn't matter if there is no turret basket.However, this kind of combat scenario of the Soviet Union in the Cold War is definitely not suitable for Germany in World War II.Helena had no choice but to cross out the plan of the oval turret with tears in her eyes, and chose the current fusiform turret.But it doesn't matter if you don't use the Soviet-style design, Helena has a lot of ways to improve the tonnage utilization of the tank.

和很多人的刻板印象不同，采用梭形炮塔的坦克其也能做得非常紧凑，比如法国人在战后60年代所设计的AMX30坦克，其吨位利用效率就丝毫不亚于苏联的T-54和T-62。要知道AMX30在和T-54、T62相近的36吨的体重下，做到了正面防护水准为车体68度倾角80mm，炮塔73度倾角80mm！除首下外，AMX30正面的等效防护水准甚至比T-54、T-62来得更高。

So when it comes to the shuttle-shaped turret, don't just think of the American M60A3. The reason why the M60A3 turret is designed so fat is mainly because the Americans set up ammunition racks in the turret that can hold up to five layers of shells in order to increase the ammunition load. .This is caused by the design idea of ​​the United States, not the shuttle-shaped turret, and the shuttle-shaped turret itself can actually be designed as compact as the AMX30.

In short, whether the tonnage utilization rate of a tank is high or not is not determined solely by the oval turret or the fusiform turret, but the technical level of the subsystem, the design level and design orientation of the designer are more decisive factors.

Of course, Helena would not tell General Sektor about the equipment from the Cold War period.Helena spoke eloquently, and General Sektor listened with relish. Although Sektor himself was not born as a technician, it did not hinder his sensitivity to technology at all.When Helena and General Sektor finally finished their discussion, they realized that the dishes on the table were already cold.

Then I heard Mrs. Sektor once again scolding the father and daughter for "forgetting sleep and food" when discussing military affairs and weapons. "Why didn't you remind us before?" General Sektor asked, looking at the broth on the table without a trace of heat. "I've reminded you no less than five times, and you've ignored them all," Mrs. Sektor complained angrily.

The author has something to say: I originally planned to put the explanation of why the Soviet-style turret is not used at a later date, but seeing that everyone’s discussions are very active, let’s put it in this pseudo-daily.I will continue to work hard to push the plot tomorrow.

Chapter 79 Contagion

In the second half of 1932, the global economic crisis has been raging in the capitalist world for three full years, but there is still no sign of recovery. The economies of almost all western industrial countries have been hit hard one after another.

Among them, the United States, as the source of this economic crisis, was naturally the most severely damaged. Its industrial production dropped by 50% compared with the pre-crisis level, which was equivalent to being directly cut in half.It is worth mentioning that, due to the existence of all kinds of financial derivatives invented by Helena in this plane, the degree of bubbles in the US capital market before the economic crisis greatly exceeded that of the previous plane, which also led to the economic crisis. The coming damage is more serious than the previous plane.

The U.S. economy is gloomy, and the European economy is also struggling.Britain and France have huge overseas colonial systems. Facing the economic crisis, Britain and France intensified their exploitation of colonies and semi-colonies to compensate for their own losses.So the UK and France had milder symptoms, with industrial production down 29% and 17% respectively.

Compared with Britain and France, Germany's industrial production has declined more seriously. Industrial production has dropped by 39%, which is second only to the United States, the source of the economic crisis. It is estimated that it will be larger).There are three main reasons why Germany's economic problems are so severe:

The first reason is that Germany does not have an overseas colonial system like Britain and France that can pass on the crisis, and Germany's domestic market capacity is not large enough, which makes Germany lack room for maneuver in the face of economic crisis.

The second reason is that in the face of economic difficulties, the United States has significantly increased tariffs to protect its own economy and employment, which has fired the starting gun of the global trade war.The United States made a bad start, and other industrial countries naturally refused to be outdone and raised tariffs in retaliation.The ongoing trade war has directly led to a serious deterioration in the international trade situation, the international trade coordination mechanism has almost collapsed, and the world trade market has shrunk sharply.In this global ebb tide, Germany's import and export shrank by nearly 70%!This is undoubtedly a devastating blow to the German economy, which is highly dependent on foreign trade.

The third reason is that with the spread of the economic crisis, political party disputes in Germany have become more intense. The parliament is full of large and small political parties, but no single party can form a stable majority.Under such circumstances, the government of the Weimar Republic could not even organize a more stable cabinet, and naturally it was even more impossible to come up with any effective anti-crisis measures.

……

Ma Shiying, a treacherous minister in the opera "Peach Blossom Fan", has a famous saying: "Fortunately, the country has a lot of troubles, and it is the autumn of our generation." The bleak German economy gave the Nazi Party led by Hitler an excellent opportunity to rise.

Although in the presidential election held in early 1932, Hitler failed to defeat the highly respected Hindenburg (in the second round of elections, Hindenburg won 1939 million votes, Hitler won 1341 million votes, ranking second), but In the Reichstag elections held on July 1932, 7, the Nazi Party gained 31 out of 608 seats.Although this number of seats is not enough for the Nazi Party to form a cabinet independently, it also makes the Nazi Party the largest party in Congress!

For this election result that was strikingly similar to the history of the previous plane, Helena, who had long understood that the Nazi Party's rise to power in Germany was inevitable, could only sigh: Sometimes the wheel of history is really hard to change.

Although Helena is not interested in the Nazi nationalism, but Helena has a good personal relationship with the top Nazis.This is not only because Helena had in-depth discussions on geopolitical issues with Professor Mustache, Hess, and Haushofer in the early years, but also because Helena was entrusted by Professor Mustache, who was still in prison, to help Beard's friend - Hermann Göring in exile in Sweden.

Helena's idea of ​​establishing a European economic order under the geese formation model with Germany as the leading goose was obviously very much to Mustache's appetite.Mustache even wrote these ideas into the book "Mein Kampf", which made Helena feel dumbfounded. She never dreamed that the ideas she put forward based on the experience of later generations would become part of the Nazi program.

After the Nazi Party won 1930 parliamentary seats in 107, Mustache even tried to pull Helena to join the Nazi Party in a whimsical way. Helena had to pretend to be flattered, while solemnly rejecting this ticket to board the "thief ship" , on the grounds of refusal that the Seekert family had no tradition of participating in party politics.

In fact, this reason is not Helena's nonsense. It is indeed the tradition of the German military aristocracy that soldiers do not participate in party politics.For example, since the Nazi Party came to power in the last plane, General Seekert has always opposed the Nazi Party extending its hands into the Wehrmacht.On General Sektor's 70th birthday, Mustache tried to use the marshal's scepter to win over General Sektor, but General Sektor rejected the marshal's scepter that all generals dreamed of (Guderian: Marshal's scepter you Don't give it to me).Helena thinks that from this point of view, she can still praise her old-fashioned boss. General Sektor can indeed be regarded as a role model for soldiers.

As a time traveler from the 21st century, it is naturally impossible for Helena to have a good impression of the Nazis.But in these years, by observing the process of the Nazi Party growing step by step in Germany, Helena deeply realized that the rapid rise of the Nazi Party was by no means an accident. The rise of this political force has a very deep historical and realistic foundation of:

In July 1932, there was no German electoral district with less than 7 percent of the vote for the Nazis, not even the cities with the most entrenched Social Democrats.Although the parliamentary election in 20 made many Junker landlords and industrial capitalists look up to the potential "political investment value" of the Nazi Party, they began to place bets on the Nazi Party.But the petty bourgeoisie and working-class groups remained the main supporters of the Nazi party.It can be said that the Nazi Party opened its arms to all those who were dissatisfied with the Weimar German system and desperate for reality.

Chapter 80th Century Tragedy

In the previous plane, the persecution, enslavement and massacre of Jews by Nazi Germany was undoubtedly one of the most famous humanitarian disasters in the 600th century, and at least [-] million Jews lost their lives as a result.So, as future generations, how should we view and deeply reflect on this historical event?

First of all, it must be made clear that Hitler and the Nazi Party led by him must be directly responsible for this atrocity against humanity.At this point, we should say one sentence with confidence: a thousand years is easy to pass, but the sins of the Nazis are hard to get rid of!However, in Helena's view, when we reflect on the Holocaust, it is far from enough if we only focus on criticizing Hitler personally and the Nazi party.

Looking at the history of mankind after the second industrial revolution, it is not difficult to see that although human productivity has entered the fast lane of development during this period, the moral level of human beings does not seem to improve with the increase in productivity.One of the most typical examples is that in the process of global expansion of Western capitalist countries, the plunder and slaughter of weak and small nations has intensified!

Not much to say about Britain, the largest colonialist empire. The notorious "concentration camp" in later generations was an invention made by Britain during its invasion of the Boers in the early 20th century. The invention of "concentration camp" was first published. On the stage of history, it has exerted an extremely powerful "power": there were only 44 Boers in the area, and 2.8 people died of massacres, slavery, starvation and disease in the concentration camps of the British!The politician who planned this atrocity at that time was the famous British Conservative Party politician, the third generation Marquess of Salisbury-Robert Gascoigne-Cecil.

This is the case in the former suzerain country, and the Americans are also familiar with creating massacres.Leaving aside the "great achievements" of the founders of the United States in massacring Indians in the early years, let's talk about what just happened in the 20th century. In the early 20th century, after the United States seized the Philippines from Spain, in order to plunder the wealth of the Filipinos and suppress the resistance of the Filipinos, the commander of the U.S. Army, General Jacob Smith, issued an order that still sounds creepy: " Kill all Filipino men over the age of 10!".Don't think that this is just a harsh word, the Americans really did it!

In the seven years from 1899 to 1906 alone, at least 7 million Filipinos were massacred!Later generations of Philippine President Duterte denounced the massacre in the Philippines by the United States, and this is what he said.The person who planned this atrocity was Franklin Roosevelt's distant uncle, Republican politician, and Nobel Peace Prize winner-President Theodore Roosevelt.

Don't think that only the European and American powers are so cruel to weak and small nations. Some small countries that seem to be "harmless to humans and animals" are not too far behind in massacres.Belgium, a small European country that is not even considered a great power, committed massacres in its colony of the Congo, even Nazi Germany may have to bow down.

King Leopold II of Belgium, a famous tyrant in European history, once gave such instructions to his colonial generals: "Chop off the heads of men, hang them in the village, rape the local women, and kill the children with women." hang on a cross." By 1908, at least 1000 million Congolese natives had been slaughtered and enslaved by the Belgians.

As for the insane things that the French did in Algeria, the Dutch in Indonesia, Italy in Ethiopia, and Japan in China, we will not list them here.Don’t think that the appalling humanitarian disasters mentioned above occurred in distant times, just like the Holocaust of the Jews by the Nazis, all of these horrific massacres occurred in the first half of the [-]th century, which is very close to modern times!

Different people may draw different conclusions about the above massacres in the 20th century.However, because not all of the above-mentioned massacres have been liquidated, there are actually some people with wrong views in later generations who try to justify the Holocaust in Nazi Germany with this. Their logic is very ridiculous: since everyone is like this, and it has always been like this, Why only liquidate Nazi Germany?Nazi Germany just did what all the western countries were doing back then, blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah

Regarding this point of view, Helena felt that she could use Lu Xun's words in "Diary of a Madman" when the madman questioned the world of cannibalism to ask them: "It has always been like this, right?" You know, the Chinese nation used to be As a member of the weak nation slaughtered by the great powers, for those atrocities that have not been liquidated, we should be sad and indignant that justice has not been done; for those atrocities that have been liquidated and characterized, we should feel that justice has been upheld and carried forward encouraged.This is the attitude we should maintain towards the above-mentioned massacres.

In the process of thinking about the tragedies of the above centuries, Helena gradually realized the superficiality and simplicity of her previous thinking.Helena had always felt that as long as the Nazi Party was prevented from coming to power, the tragedy that would happen to the Jews could be avoided.

After seeing clearly that she could not prevent the Nazi Party from coming to power, Helena thought that she might be able to prevent this tragedy from happening by influencing the Nazi Party's program.On the surface, this seems to be a partial success.In order to maintain the tall image of the "European leader" promoted by Helena, Mustache has indeed greatly reduced the anti-Semitic arguments in his book compared to the previous plane.

However, after some in-depth analysis, Helena believes that these insignificant changes in the program of the original Nazi party have very limited practical effects.Helena even thinks that even if Moustache and his Nazi party are overthrown now, and a new ruling party is replaced for the future of Germany, it may not be able to prevent the tragedy from happening.

If you don't believe me, take a look at the massacres of the 20th century listed above.The specific countries where they occur are different, the political systems of the countries where they occur are different, the political parties in power are different, and the politicians who make decisions are also different.But it seems that all Western countries are the same in terms of the brutal bullying and slaughter of weak and small nations.What does this mean?This shows that under the superficial things such as countries, political systems, political parties, and politicians, there must be a lower-level logical chain that drives these butchers to raise their butcher knives again and again.

As a traveler from the 21st century, Helena might not care whether Germany reached the peak or fell into the abyss in the end. After all, the system did not regard the fate of Germany as the main task.But only regarding the Jewish Holocaust, Helena can't sit idly by. Even though preventing the Holocaust is not Helena's task of crossing, Helena really can't treat all the millions of Jews as NPCs in the game Let's look at it, not to mention that there are Helena's good friends among these Jews.

Helena's ability may not be able to stop the atrocities that have happened or will happen by other imperialist old hooligans for the time being, but Helena must not allow the tragedy of the previous plane to happen in Germany.Therefore, Helena must find a way to find the logical chain behind these massacres and break it.

Chapter 81 The Capital Machine

Many people should have played strategic management games such as "Hearts of Iron", "European Universal", "Victoria", and "Stars", right?The above games are all developed by Paradox Interactive (referred to as P Society) in Sweden.

In this type of game, what the player has to do is to be the operator of a certain force, and then make his power bigger and stronger on the premise of ensuring that his power will not be wiped out by other forces.

For all players who want to win the game, in the process of managing their forces in this type of game, they basically implement the "two whatevers" game strategy, that is: any strategy that is conducive to the achievement of the game goal is It must be implemented, and all factors that are not conducive to the achievement of game goals must be eliminated.As for whether the strategy implemented in the game is in line with the basic values ​​of modern society, most gamers will not consider it.

For example, when a player is playing the "European Universalis" series of games, if the aborigines of a colony are rebellious, they will always try to resist the colonial activities of the colonial team you sent.Many players will send an army to the colony, and then click the "attack the natives" button to slaughter the natives in the colony.If this approach is put into reality, what is the difference from the crimes committed by European colonists back then?

Of course, the players of P Club do this not because they are anti-human, nor because they really like tyranny and killing, they just want to win the game.However, in order to pursue the ultimate victory of the game, the things that the P Club players have done in the virtual world include but are not limited to: bloody suppression of the national liberation movement, brutal massacre of colonial aborigines, extermination of heretical religions, expulsion of minorities, mobilization of the world war...

Fortunately, these operations of P Club players only happen in the virtual world, and will not pose actual harm to the real world we live in. The so-called "P Club players shot eleven out of ten players and slipped through the net." "After all, it's just a joke used by netizens to ridicule.

However, Helena, who was playing the live-action "Hearts of Iron" at this time, couldn't laugh, because Helena knew that in the real world, the business logic of a country is not much more tender than the "two whatevers" in the game.

In the game, if your power cannot make your own power stronger, then your power may be annexed by a stronger power, which will lead to the failure of the game.By the same token, in the real world, if capital cannot maintain faster appreciation, it will definitely be swallowed up or squeezed out of the market by capital that can multiply faster.

We can say that capital is engaged in an endless proliferation competition every moment, and any capital that lags behind will eventually be eliminated.Under such a harsh elimination mechanism, if any capital wants to survive for a long time, its logic must be oriented to achieve its own maximum proliferation!

Since individual capitals are isolated and weak, in order to gain an upper hand in the brutal proliferation competition, some capitals began to spontaneously form capital groups.Since people of the same ethnic group often have similar cultural traditions, common historical sentiments, and concentrated geographical distribution, capital naturally tends to choose to form a capital group with capital in the same ethnic group in the process of forming a group. This kind of capital movement is extremely The earth facilitated the formation of modern nation-states.

The collectivization movement of capital promotes the formation of nation-states, and after the formation of nation-states, they will definitely tend to safeguard the interests of their own national capital groups, so the decision-making logic of nation-states will also tend to be consistent with the logic of capital proliferation.That is to say, all strategies that are conducive to the proliferation of national capital must be implemented, and all factors that are not conducive to the proliferation of national capital must be eliminated.From a certain point of view, in the eyes of capital, ensuring its maximum proliferation is the only meaning of a country's existence.The modern nation-state is a multiplication machine built by capital for itself, with the purpose of ensuring the order of capital movement internally and competing with other capital groups externally.

Knowing this, it is easy to understand why massacres happened again and again in different countries, at the hands of different political parties and politicians.Because the logical chain is: as long as the massacre is the most beneficial to the proliferation of the national capital group, the massacre policy will definitely be implemented!

One more point must be clear, that is, what the capitalist system really defends is not the capitalists we usually imagine. What the capitalist system really defends is capital itself, and capitalists and those in power are just the spokespersons of capital.

Although capitalists and those in power are the spokespersons of capital, their status as spokespersons is not irreplaceable.Only when they can bring the maximum proliferation to capital, their spokesperson status is stable.Otherwise, capital will eliminate them through a competitive mechanism, making them disqualified as capital spokespersons.Therefore, in order not to be eliminated, politicians and businessmen must do their best to make decisions that satisfy the desire for capital appreciation, even if this decision is inhumane.

Therefore, in Helena's eyes, no matter which political party came to power, or which politician came to power, as long as the massacre of Jews was still the most beneficial option for the proliferation of German capital, then the tragedy of the previous plane could still repeat itself.After all, Germany does not have colonies to plunder like Britain and France. In the process of ebbing globalization, the space for capital proliferation in Germany is greatly limited, and now it is so hungry that its eyes are green.The notorious Jew looks like a delicious delicacy at this time.

In all fairness, Jewish speculative capital did play a disgraceful role in World War I and the Mark crisis. If these Jewish financiers were to be punished in the future, Helena would also agree with both hands.However, if the scope of attack is extended to the entire Jewish nation, Helena will not agree. This is because of the humanitarian values ​​that Helena brought from her previous life, and on the other hand, because Helena feels that the Nazi Germany in the previous plane was robbed. It is an inefficient way of plundering the chicken and taking the eggs.

If you want to change the fate of the Jewish massacre, you must talk to capital in a way that capital can understand. The first thing to do is to make massacre no longer the most attractive option for capital proliferation.

Chapter 82 Einstein

In the last plane, the reason why Germany's nuclear weapons program failed in the end has always been one of the topics that researchers of the history of science and technology talk about. In the discussion of this topic, the most controversial issue is the famous "Heisenberg's Mystery".

As the head of Germany's atomic bombing program, Heisenberg realized as early as 1940 that a uranium bomb was possible.However, in a report to the German army in 1942, Heisenberg believed that at least several tons of uranium-235 were needed to make an atomic bomb.This value is obviously too large. In fact, only about 15 kilograms of uranium 235 is enough to trigger a chain reaction.Many historians believe that it was precisely because Heisenberg's report exaggerated the difficulty of making atomic bombs that Germany believed that the cost of making atomic bombs was unacceptably high, so it shelved its nuclear weapon development plan.

In this regard, Heisenberg claimed after the war that he was aware of the moral problems caused by the atomic bomb from the beginning, and because he did not want this amazingly powerful weapon to be used in war, he deliberately exaggerated the difficulty of manufacturing it.However, Heisenberg’s good friend Gudschmidt pointed out that Heisenberg did not intentionally exaggerate the difficulty of manufacturing, but that he miscalculated an important parameter in the calculation process, which resulted in the calculation result of uranium 235 required for nuclear weapons being lower than that of the nuclear weapon. The actual need is several orders of magnitude higher.

Whether Heisenberg provided wrong data because he deliberately did not want Germany to have a nuclear bomb, or whether he did not get the correct result because of a calculation error, Helena has no way of verifying.But Helena knew that if the deviation in Germany's calculation of uranium-235 demand could not be corrected in time, the advancement of Germany's nuclear weapons program would definitely be seriously affected.If that's the case, my efforts to invest a lot of money in researching more advanced gas centrifuges over the years will be in vain.So Heisenberg's mistake had to be corrected.

However, in order to correct Heisenberg's mistakes, Helena will inevitably face a very real problem: If Heisenberg deliberately provided wrong data, how can everyone believe that Heisenberg's conclusion may be wrong?If Heisenberg made a calculation error that caused the result to deviate from the correct answer, how can Heisenberg realize his mistake?

This question once made Helena feel very difficult at the beginning of the time travel.

You know, Heisenberg was one of the most famous physics masters in the first half of the 20th century, and he was the founder of the "Heisenberg Uncertainty" principle.Although Helena has made some achievements in weapon design, she is completely an outsider in the field of physics. If an outsider wants to question Heisenberg's point of view, not only will he not be recognized, but he will be regarded as an outsider questioning an expert, right?

In this era and the foreseeable future, nuclear weapons research and development projects are major system projects that must rely on the strong support of the country to continue. Any country will conduct rigorous demonstrations when implementing such large-scale projects. After all, its project costs At least 10 billion marks to start.Therefore, Germany will never easily overturn the views of industry experts like Heisenberg just because of the doubts of Helena, a person without a background in physics.

In order to more easily correct the mistakes made by Germany in the field of nuclear weapon development in the future, Helena believes that the only feasible way is to give herself a certain voice in the physics circle, at least let the physics community admit that she is also a physicist. The "insider".Fortunately, with Helena's advantage as a time traveler, it is not too difficult to produce some "results" that can be generally recognized by the academic circle in the physics world of this era.