Iron Sonata of World War II

In the last plane, for some unknown reason, Hitler was not optimistic about StG44 at first, and even planned to stop the project at one time, forcing this epoch-making assault rifle to be called a submachine gun to "get away with it". ", so StG44 was named MP43 when it was first equipped with troops, a typical submachine gun name.However, after being equipped with the troops, the superior performance of the MP43 was well received by the troops. Hitler also changed his original attitude and turned to support this rifle. He also gave this rifle a famous name: Sturm Gewehr44 ( Abbreviated as StG44). "Sturm Gewehr" means "Assault Rifle".Strictly speaking, the term "assault rifle", which is widely used by later generations, was invented by Mustache.

"Our semi-automatic rifles, submachine guns and squad machine guns adopt a strict family design concept, more than two-thirds of the parts can be used in common, and several firearms can even be produced on the same line. We are now trying to adopt stamping spot welding When the technology is mature, the cost of each rifle is not expected to be much higher than that of the 1898-style rifle." In fact, there are still some problems to be solved in the large-scale use of stamping technology on firearms, but this does not prevent Schmeisser from giving Hitler Draw pie.

Hitler listened carefully, but the movements in his hands didn't stop. Mustache was a soldier after all, and it didn't take too long for him to get familiar with a new gun. "These types of firearms all adopt the principle of piston short-stroke air-guided automatic, and the bolt is turned and locked. In fact, most of the designers at the beginning tended to shift the bolt to lock or the roller to delay the lock, but Miss Helena Resolutely oppose overly complicated locking devices." Schmeisser said, in fact, in the last plane, StG44 used bolt offset locking, and its alternative, StG45, used roller delayed unlocking.

Schmeisser was about to continue speaking, but Mustache had already stood up holding the semi-automatic rifle.

"Go get some bullets, and I'll try this gun too." Hitler said as he walked towards the shooting range with the rifle.At this time, the personnel who had just performed the firepower demonstration in the shooting range had just returned. Hitler shook hands with them one by one with a smile, and patted their training uniforms stained with grass blades and sand. satisfy.

Ten minutes later, Hitler, who had changed into his training uniform, came to the shooting range enthusiastically. Although Schmeisser tried to prevent Mustache from testing the gun himself in the name of safety, it was obvious that Mustache did not listen to him.Schmeisser had no choice but to change into a training uniform and followed Hitler down to the shooting range.

Chapter 100 Quick Release System

As soon as Hitler and Schmeisser walked into the shooting area of ​​the shooting range, the staff who had been waiting there immediately walked up quickly and handed over six bridge clips that had been loaded with bullets.Hitler took one bridge clip and looked at it carefully, while Schmeisser took the other five bridge clips and put them in his pockets.

Hitler is no stranger to bullet bridge clips. In World War I, Hitler often dealt with bridge clips when he was a corporal. At that time, the Mauser Gew1898 rifle in his hand used five-shot bridge clips. loaded.But now the fully loaded bridge clip in Hitler's hand looks a little different from the style he is familiar with.Apart from the obvious difference that the length of the bridge clip has become longer and the number of bullets on the bridge clip has increased to ten rounds, the most obvious difference is that one end of the bridge clip is connected to a metal clip.

"This is actually a bridge clip-type bullet quick loader, Mr. General Manager." Seeing Hitler's question, Schmeisser hurriedly stepped forward and explained: "The card slot at the end of the bridge clip is an adapter card, as long as it is stuck You can push ten rounds into the magazine at a time." Schmeisser took out a bridge clip quick loader from his pocket, and took the empty magazine that had just been removed from the gun from Hitler , neatly pushed ten rounds into the magazine, and returned the magazine to Hitler.

"Pretty good design! I think the soldiers will like this gadget." Hitler praised the design of the bullet quick loader.Following Schmeisser's demonstration, Hitler also pressed the ten rounds of bullets in the bridge clip in his hand into the magazine, filled the standard 20-round magazine of this semi-automatic rifle, and then inserted it into the magazine slot of the rifle.

The bullet quick loader that Schmeisser showed to Hitler is of course a new gadget developed by Helena based on the experience of later generations. Although under the new squad weapon configuration, the total number of bullets in the ammunition carried by each infantry squad can reach 1500 Fat, in fact, not too little.But based on the experience of the last plane, Helena knew that many German infantry squads in World War II would carry as much ammunition as possible, beyond the standard amount of ammunition, before going into battle.This approach is actually very understandable: in a fierce battle, you can't guarantee that before the ammunition of the whole squad runs out, the only supply carriage in the whole platoon will land in front of you on colorful clouds and bring you what you need. ammo supply!

In this plane, due to the reduction in the weight of a single bullet, the total weight of the team's ammunition under the standard ammunition load is actually a little lighter than that of the previous plane. Helena estimated that the drum soldiers would not mind carrying some excess ammunition.

However, it is not enough to bring excess ammunition. You have to put these ammunition into the supply ammunition to use the firearm. If soldiers are to manually press the bulk bullets into the supply ammunition one by one, it is undoubtedly A time-consuming and labor-intensive job, and sometimes it may delay the fighter.In order to solve this problem, from the magazine to the drum to the belt, Helena has designed a bullet quick-loading function for almost every kind of ammunition supply for German firearms in the future.The magazine uses the bridge clip type quick loader that Schmeisser just demonstrated to Hitler, while the drum and the belt are quickly loaded through the quick load drum and the belt loader.

Among them, the design of the fast-loading drum basically copied the structure of the machine gun drum used in the Type 81 squad of the Republic of the previous plane. The drum of the Type 81 squad machine gun can be described as the pinnacle in the history of gun drum design.The plectrum with rotating ratchet structure and the scroll spring that can be tightened and loosened are all ingenious works.When reloading, the soldier only needs to untie the scroll spring, open the drum cover, push the pusher to the bottom, and then put the bullet head down into the space in the middle of the ratchet at will to reload.After loading the bullet, just cover the drum cover, tighten the scroll spring and you can shoot.When shooting, the scroll spring will drive the ratchet to rotate, and the ratchet will then drive the bullet to the bullet outlet in the spiral guide groove at the bottom of the drum until it reaches the bullet outlet and is drawn out by the guide plate.

Since the design of the 81-type squad machine gun drum is quite perfect, Helena only corrected some minor problems in the use of this type of drum during the reference process, including strengthening the drum cover buckle to prevent bullets from being fired. The drum cover is loosened and two ring-shaped reinforcing ribs are added to the drum shell to prevent deformation caused by bumps.

As for the belt loader, Helena borrowed from the invention of the Germans on the previous plane: Put the bullets into a funnel in the same direction, and the soldiers can shake the handle to release the bullets that leaked from the funnel one by one. Push one bullet into the elastic bullet bayonet of each bullet chain.Through the belt loader, it only takes more than ten seconds to install a section of 25-round ammunition chain, but these installed 25-round ammunition chains are connected into longer semi-scatterable ammunition The chain also needs to be installed by soldiers by hand.

Chapter 1 and One

On the shooting range, Hitler had already emptied a magazine in a kneeling position on a chest target 30 meters away within 100 seconds. After receiving the target paper sent by the staff, only one of the 20 bullets missed the target. In addition, the rest of the table tennis points fell within the seventh ring, which should be said to be very good.

"The general manager's marksmanship is really good!" Schmeisser sent a timely compliment in a sincere tone: "The one that was too high may be due to the problem of the consistency of the bullet propellant. Your Excellency, as you know, the intermediate power The ammunition has not yet been mass-produced, and there is still room for improvement in the process.” Seeing that the chief designer of the rifle helped Xiao Huzi figure out the reason for the only off-target ammunition, the staff next to him were not fools, and hurriedly agreed Standing up, praise for the general manager's marksmanship was thrown like no money.

Hitler, who was very vain, was very receptive to such compliments, and he happily accepted the explanation of "bullet consistency problem". Of course, Mustache would not admit that the missing bullet was caused by his hand trembling for a while, and his gun control was unstable. Only hit high.However, Moustache was very satisfied with the high rate of fire and high precision of the new semi-automatic, and immediately expressed that he would give this semi-automatic rifle the name Gewehr33 (Gew33 or G33 for short), which means "1933-style rifle".This made Schmeisser very excited. This rifle was highly evaluated in the military test before, and now it has been given an official name by the general manager himself, which means that this rifle has basically entered service in the army. It's a done deal.

After Helena heard that Hitler praised this semi-automatic rifle that was about to be finalized, she was not surprised at all, because like the chief designer Schmeisser, Helena was very concerned about the performance of each product of this gun family. Very confident.In her opinion, in the limited dozens of range tests, Moustache didn't even have time to dig out half of the benefits of this rifle.

Although the designer of the new gun family is still Schmeisser, the chief designer of the StG44 assault rifle in the previous plane, under Helena's intervention, the structure of the new gun family has changed compared to the StG44 assault rifle in the previous plane. There is a big difference.

The first major difference is in the structure of the receiver. The StG44 assault rifle of the last plane adopts the upper and lower receiver structure, while the new gun family adopts the structure of the integrated receiver and receiver cover similar to the Soviet AK series rifles. .

Perhaps in the eyes of many military fans, the receiver structure of the new gun family is a kind of "technical regression" compared with the StG44 assault rifle of the previous plane. It has been sought after by more and more countries in later generations.Of course, Helena didn't use the upper and lower receivers because she was stubborn and did not know how to make progress. She did not deny that the design of the upper and lower receivers represented the direction of future firearms to a large extent, but after comprehensively considering the historical background of this era, Helena still insisted on An integrated stamped receiver with receiver cover is a more suitable choice.

That's right, theoretically speaking, the upper and lower casing design can achieve different functions by replacing some of the casing parts as a whole. If the country is in peacetime or only faces short-term local conflicts, this is indeed a very tempting advantage.However, if the focus is on long-term and large-scale wars, then individual weapons are a kind of consumables.You let the country prepare a large number of spare receiver components with different functions for you to replace at any time?That's simply impossible!So in Helena's eyes, since the biggest benefits of the upper and lower receivers are difficult to reflect, why should Germany waste man-hours to manufacture the upper receiver and the lower receiver separately?Simply stamp the casing in one piece, and then add a casing cover to complete the job, which not only saves manufacturing man-hours, but also makes the weight lighter.

However, although the upper and lower receiver structure is not used, the new gun family can still despise other contemporary rifles in terms of structural design, such as the M1 Garand.New gun owners only need to open the receiver cover to take out the recoil spring, bolt frame and bolt. However, if Garland wants to do this, it needs to disassemble the upper and lower handguards first, which is much more troublesome to maintain.

The receiver cover design of the new gun family is also more ingenious than that of the Soviet AKM rifle or even the Republic's Type 81 rifle.The connection between the receiver cover and the receiver of the Soviet AKM rifle is not firm. The front end of the receiver cover is fixed by an annular slot. Because the ring slot has a large gap and is easy to wear, the receiver cover is easy to loosen. It has brought trouble to install the aiming device on the receiver cover.

The design of the receiver cover of the new gun family draws lessons from the improvement experience of the later American TWS company on the AK series rifles. This change, combined with the reinforced receiver cover, greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of the receiver cover positioning, allowing the receiver cover to directly serve as the base of the sight.

The second major difference is in the automatic principle. The StG44 assault rifle in the previous plane used the long-stroke automatic principle of the piston, while the new gun family in this plane used the short-stroke automatic principle of the piston.

Although the piston long-stroke type and the piston short-stroke type both belong to the gas-guided automatic method, they both rely on part of the gunpowder gas to be drawn from the gun chamber to push the piston when firing, and then push the bolt frame to complete the automatic action, but both There are still big differences in details.The StG44 adopts the long-stroke automatic principle of the piston, the piston and the bolt frame are connected, when the gunpowder gas acts on the piston, the piston and the bolt frame move together and complete the automatic action; while the new one adopts the short-stroke automatic principle of the piston For the gun family, the piston and the bolt frame are separated. When the gunpowder gas acts on the piston, the piston only pushes the bolt frame for a short distance and then stops. The bolt frame continues to recoil by inertia and completes the automatic action.

Compared with the StG44 and AKM with long-stroke pistons on the previous plane, the mass of the moving parts of the new gun family is greatly reduced when the gun is automatic, and the movement of the center of gravity inside the gun is also greatly reduced when the gun is fired, which makes the action of the gun more automatic. Softer, less muzzle bounce, higher shooting accuracy.

In addition, the new gun family also borrowed the experience of the later Republic 81 gun family, and installed a gas regulator for the air guide device. There are two air guide holes on the regulator, and the smaller air guide hole is usually used. The smaller the air conduction volume, the automatic action of the firearm is softer and the accuracy is higher; when encountering harsh conditions (sand, muddy water, severe cold), you can use a large air guide hole, at this time, the larger air conduction volume will make the automatic system action change. Roughly, although this will affect the shooting accuracy, it also avoids the problem of poor extraction under harsh conditions. This is especially important for new guns that use painted steel shells with high extraction resistance.

The third major difference is in the locking principle. The StG44 on the previous plane uses the bolt offset locking, while the new gun family on this plane uses the bolt rotation locking.

Although the StG44 of the last plane used the bolt offset locking reliability performance is good, the Type 56 semi-automatic rifle (imitation of the Soviet SKS rifle) also uses this locking principle and performs well, but the bolt offset locking still has it Insurmountable flaw.On the one hand, the support force of the lock will be slightly biased to one side, which will have a certain impact on the shooting accuracy of the firearm, but the bigger problem with the offset lock of the gun is that the problem of "wedge tightness" is not easy to solve.Since the bolt is pushed by an inclined surface when it is offset and locked, it will cause the bolt to be close to the limit track of the receiver, resulting in severe friction, which consumes the energy of re-entry and affects the reliability of the firearm.

In comparison, the rotary locking of the bolt is not only solid, but also because of the symmetrical arrangement of the protrusions, the force is relatively uniform, which is conducive to improving the accuracy.As for the "wedge tightness" problem, directly refer to the locking structure of the MG34 squad machine gun in the previous plane, and completely solve this problem by designing a driving plane.

Generally speaking, the new gun family is exquisitely designed but does not blindly pursue the so-called advanced nature. It has achieved a nearly perfect balance in terms of performance, reliability and ease of production.

However, such an achievement is mainly due to Schmeisser, the master of firearms design.Although Helena provided a lot of "design inspiration" that Schmeisser appreciated greatly during the planning stage, once entering the more specific design stage, the difference between the real master and the dance master became apparent. You know, the same The basic principles are different designers, and the performance of the final work may be very different!

Schmeisser, who not only has a profound theoretical foundation but also has many years of practical experience, is of course a real master. In order to prevent his poor design skills from being wiped out by Schmeisser in seconds, Helena, who can only dance, dare not do it again. Jumping in front of the true God, she made an excuse to go back to school to attend classes (this reason is actually very lame, because Helena can't count how many classes she has missed in her life...), and ran away with her tail between her legs.

Chapter 1 Women's Employment

"Miss Helena, what do you think of our "Implementation Program for Boosting Employment" drafted?" For the past hour, in the office of the German General Manager's Office, Hitler had been waiting patiently until he sat in his office. Helena, who was sitting on the chair opposite the table, browsed through the thick stack of documents in her hand before Mustache asked eagerly.

Although Helena is only 19 years old now, Hitler is still very happy to be a listener to Helena's opinions.On the one hand, this is because most of Helena's judgments have been verified before, and the credibility record is very high; understandable.

"A very practical and effective plan! If this plan is implemented smoothly in the future, I believe that within a year, the unemployment rate in Germany will be reduced by half from the current level!" Helena said as she read the plan she had just read. Put it back on Hitler's desk. Speaking of which, many of the measures written in this "Employment Boosting Implementation" were proposed by Helena when discussing economic issues with Hitler, Schacht and others.

The smile on Hitler's face was about to widen, but Helena suddenly changed the topic and said: "However, this "Outline" also has many flaws. I cannot agree with the plan that requires female workers to return to their families. Forgive me Frankly speaking, in the long run, this is absolutely a terrible decision."

"No, no, please don't get me wrong, Miss Helena, I didn't mean to look down on female workers." Hitler quickly explained: "In fact, this is also a difficult decision for us, Miss Helena, you know , Now we have more than 500 million unemployed people in Germany, and asking women to return to the family is also to free up more jobs. Dual-career families are too extravagant for Germany now.”

"I am fully aware of what you said, and I personally fully understand the good intentions of the general manager. But we don't have the only option of driving female practitioners back to their families. Isn't it?" Helena answer.After thinking for a while, Helena continued: "I thought of a method that can also temporarily relieve the oversupply of labor in the market, and the side effects are relatively small. I wonder if you, the general manager, would be interested in hearing about it?"

"Oh? Is there such a good thing?" Hearing that Helena has a solution, Mustache couldn't help but his eyes lit up, and hurriedly urged: "What is the solution? Tell me quickly!"

It turned out that in the last dimension, in order to save the precarious employment situation, Hitler once adopted an unreasonable method: persuading married women to return to their families to free up jobs.

In the early 20s, the employment rate of women in Germany was very high among the major capitalist countries. In 30, the proportion of female employees in German enterprises was as high as 1933%, but in 37 this proportion dropped to 1937%.The main reason why the proportion of female employed persons dropped by 31 percentage points in just four years was that Nazi Germany at that time restricted the employment of married women and encouraged women to go home and specialize in housework.

Hitler once declared: "If the world of men is the country and the nation, their struggles and ideals will be devoted to contributing to society, then women are in a relatively small world. Their world It's their husbands, their families, their children and their homes... If the small world isn't secure, the big world can't exist either. We can't think it's right for women to violate the world of men, we think the two worlds are very complementary necessary."

Paul Joseph Goebbels, who was then head of the "Ministry of National Education and Propaganda" in Nazi Germany, also once preached to the public: "The mission of women is to become beautiful and bring children into this world. This is by no means what it sounds like. As vulgar and unfashionable as that, the female adorns herself for the male and incubates her eggs, in exchange for the male finding food for her, providing protection, and repelling incoming enemies."

In addition to launching the propaganda machine, Nazi Germany also used marriage loans and childbirth incentives to encourage married women not to participate in work: each newlywed can get a marriage loan of 1000 marks, if the woman promises not to work after marriage and give birth If there are no less than four children, the loan can be written off without repayment.

The reason why Nazi Germany in the previous dimension adopted such a policy to restrain married women in the small world of the family as much as possible was due to the outdated ideology at the time, but the most fundamental reason was the employment Not enough points!If both husband and wife of a certain family participate in the work, it means that a family needs to occupy two jobs, and some families will not even be assigned a job!Although the life of a single-employee family will be a little tighter, they can still live on, while the unemployed family will directly have no source of income.

Objectively speaking, this policy of Nazi Germany did free up hundreds of thousands of jobs, and it also had a certain effect on reducing the number of unemployed jobs, but in the long run, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.Because this method does not really eliminate unemployment, it just redistributes limited jobs among families.It is equivalent to making the original explicit unemployment invisible.

However, the above is not the most important thing. The most important thing is that since 1937, with the recovery of domestic production in Germany, Germany's labor force has already turned from a surplus to a shortage!But it is a sad truth: it is easy to take women out of the workforce and very difficult to bring them back.Although the proportion of women in Germany's total employment rose slightly to 1939% in 33, it failed to recover to the 1932 level of 37% for a long time.What is this concept?This means that when the labor force is most needed in Germany, a considerable part of the female labor force is idle at home!And once the war breaks out, as more men are transferred to the army, the shortage of human resources in Germany will be further exacerbated. At this time, you can't bear to let women stay at home!

Although the performance of other countries in terms of women's employment is not as good as Germany's. For example, in 1939, women accounted for only 26% of all employed people in Britain, while the United States only had a poor 18% in the same period, but the total amount of human resources that Britain and the United States can mobilize is less than that of Germany Germany has much more and can tolerate a certain degree of waste, while Germany cannot tolerate the waste of human resources.

It is precisely because Helena is fully aware of the deep-seated motives and possible adverse effects that Nazi Germany encouraged married women not to work in history, so Helena did not argue with Mustache on the issue of whether encouraging women not to work constitutes discrimination against women. Forget about it, that would not convince Mustache, so Helena directly introduced a more attractive alternative to Mustache.

Chapter 1 Education Enrollment Expansion

"Perhaps we can think about the unemployment problem in our country from another angle, Your Excellency, General Manager." Under Hitler's expectant eyes, Helena didn't want to make a fuss, and said straight to the point: "On the surface, at this point in time, , Germany's human resources are indeed 'surplus' compared to jobs, after all, we still have more than 500 million people who can't find jobs, but is Germany's human resources really surplus?"

Helena paused, seeing Mustache's thoughtful expression, and continued: "If we jump out of the current economic crisis and look at a longer-term timeline, I'm afraid Germany's human resources will be more Are they all insufficient? Otherwise, the general manager, you would not have promulgated incentive policies for multi-child families. The main reason for this contradiction is that the number of working-age population in our country is growing steadily, but the number of jobs However, the number of human resources often fluctuates greatly with the cyclical expansion and contraction of the economy. The stable supply of human resources and fluctuating demand for human resources lead to a mismatch between human resources and jobs, and the symptoms are what we see Labor 'shortage' and 'surplus' alternate."

Helena spoke very plainly, and Mustache obviously understood, and he nodded to signal Helena to continue.

"Just now I had a rough look at the first draft of the "Implementation Outline for Boosting Employment", and found that most of the measures in the "Outline" are aimed at increasing employment through large-scale infrastructure construction, that is to say, these measures to combat unemployment The measures are mainly aimed at the demand side of the labor force, which is of course a good idea. But since the mismatch between labor supply and labor demand is a two-way mismatch, why don’t we try to do it both ways and develop simultaneously on the supply side of the labor market? What about strength?" Helena felt a little dry after talking too much in one breath, and she took a big sip of tea in disregard of her ladylike image, and then turned her eyes to the moustache who had been thinking.

"The supply side of the labor market?" Hitler repeated this new concept playfully.

"Yes, it is the supply side of the labor market." Helena said affirmatively: "If solving the unemployment problem is like managing a river, then regulating the supply of the labor market is like building a reservoir on the river. The reservoir on the river can be controlled Similarly, we can also establish a set of elastic mechanisms in the labor supply market to store a part of the excess labor force during the economic crisis and release this labor force when the economy is booming.”

"In fact, the idea of ​​adjusting the labor supply side is not my original idea. Encouraging married women to return to the family in the "Outline" is actually an adjustment measure on the labor supply side. But I think the family is indeed not a way to build a 'labor reservoir' Good point, encouraging women who have the ability to work to return to the family has indeed reduced the labor supply in a short period of time, but even if our economy rebounds in the future, these 'stay-at-home women' who return to the family will most likely not return to employment. In other words, most of this part of the labor force has been permanently out of the job market. This is like the poor site selection of a reservoir built when a river is harnessed. There are many geological cracks at the bottom of the reservoir, and most of the water that should be stored comes from these cracks. 'It was lost in the middle. When the downstream water is insufficient and the reservoir needs to increase the discharge flow, there is no water to release in the reservoir."

"So all we have to do is to choose a place with a large enough capacity and not easy to leak, as a reservoir for German human resources, is this the case?" At this time, Hitler had roughly figured out Helena's intentions, So the mustache asked with a smile on his face: "Then what is the reservoir that Miss Helena prepared for Germany?"

"The first and easiest way is to expand education, Mr. General Manager." Helena replied bluntly: "In the short term, expanding education can delay the time for some labor force to enter the job market. The current burden on the job market is undoubtedly beneficial; in the medium term, the German economy will enter a booming stage in a few years, when the labor force accumulated in schools will be released, which will fill the labor force in a few years In the long run, the expansion of education enrollment is also good for improving the overall quality of German citizens, which will give Germany a greater advantage in international competition in the future.”

In a way, the expansion of education suggested by Helena can be regarded as learning from the republic of later generations. In 1998, the Asian financial crisis broke out in the previous plane, and the republic also faced economic slowdown and unemployment.As a countermeasure, in 1999, the number of students enrolled in colleges and universities in the Republic increased by 47.4%, and in 2000, the number of students enrolled increased by 38.2%.The expansion of university enrollment in the last republic was good in terms of effect, stimulating domestic demand, stimulating consumption, promoting economic growth, and alleviating employment pressure.Although the blind expansion of enrollment has also brought about many sequelae, the overall effect is quite positive.

The idea of ​​Helena's education expansion is indeed inspired by the last republic, but the so-called "learn what you mean but not what you say", Helena is not going to replicate the practice of the previous republic.Due to the excessive rush to expand the enrollment of the Republic University in the last plane, it has a certain impact on the quality of education in the university.Helena believes that the focus of education expansion in Germany in this plane should not be on comprehensive universities, so when making suggestions to Hitler, Helena especially emphasized that the expansion of university enrollment this year should not exceed 25%, and the expansion in the next few years should not exceed 20%.

The real focus of enrollment expansion suggested by Helena lies in colleges and universities, because this is precisely the weak link in the current German education system. The mainstream form is still the master in the factory leads the apprentice.Due to the impact of the economic crisis, this training method has also been greatly impacted. Even many masters are about to lose their jobs. How can they have the leisure to train apprentices?

Therefore, Helena focused on expanding the scale of vocational education. As for the system structure of vocational education, the "two-level dual system" vocational education in later generations of Germany has provided an excellent model, especially the "two-level dual system" training model. It is a good connection with the two current training methods for skilled workers in Germany.The so-called two levels are "secondary vocational education" and "higher vocational education two levels"; the so-called "dual system" means that students need to receive training in two places: vocational schools and enterprises. Enterprises use it for professional vocational training.

In addition to this kind of formal vocational education, Helena also suggested that for unemployed workers, a wide range of short-term vocational training courses lasting about half a year will also have the effect of relieving the pressure on the job market and improving workers' labor skills in the short term.The state will share a considerable part of the training costs.

The above-mentioned measures can reduce the labor supply of about 80 people in a short period of time, greatly reduce the short-term unemployed population, provide a respite for the German economic recovery, and will greatly improve the labor skills of workers and Germany in the future. The overall cultural quality of the people can be said to kill two birds with one stone.

For Helena's idea, Mustache quickly realized the benefits and was eager to try it out. After all, if we start preparing for the expansion of education now, we can fully catch up with the traditional school season in October in Germany.However, for Helena, the expansion of education enrollment is still just an appetizer, and she has a bolder reform plan in the pipeline.

Chapter 1 Rural Issues

"Expanding education is indeed a good idea to alleviate unemployment, and the government will put this matter on the agenda immediately!" For Helena's suggestion, Mustache showed approval on his face.

"While expanding enrollment, we should also expand the number of teachers in our universities to prevent the decline in teaching quality. If domestic teachers are not enough, we can increase the introduction of foreign talents." Helena added.

"Good idea, let Dr. Goebbels handle this matter." Mustache called the secretary and asked him to immediately inform the new head of the Ministry of National Education and Propaganda——Paul Joseph Goebbels to come to the general manager's office in the afternoon trip.

What?Put Goebbels in charge of introducing teachers to universities?Helena couldn't help being stunned for a moment. With the continuous accumulation of the butterfly effect, the world line of the plane began to develop in a direction that Helena was not familiar with.

In Helena's memory, the appointment of the head of the Education and Propaganda Department in the previous plane was a catastrophe for the German education circle!Dr. Goebbels may indeed be good propaganda material, but the role played by this gentleman in the history of German education is very disgraceful.In 1933 on the last plane, Goebbels had just started to take full charge of education in Germany, and immediately did two earth-shattering "major events". The first thing was the burning of books, and the second thing was to drive people away.

On the night of May 1933, 5 in the last plane, Goebbels personally presided over a large-scale book-burning campaign at the Opera Square in Berlin. The books of the book were thrown into flames, and the so-called "non-Aryan spirit" was mainly identified by the author's lineage.According to this criterion, Heine's poetry collections, Kafka's novels, Freud's works, Einstein's research reports...these books written by Jewish authors have undoubtedly become the objects of "key care" .A large number of precious rare books, rare books, and even the manuscripts of the master himself were reduced to ashes in this carnival.Later generations called this campaign "the burning of a century of German culture".

The atrocity of burning books is enough to make people feel sad, but what Goebbels did next on the previous plane made Helena even less interested in complaining. Before the winter semester of 1933 and 1934, Goebbels Peer began to dismiss non-German teachers in major universities in Germany on a large scale. Within a year, 1145 university teachers were dismissed, including 313 full professors. The dismissal scale accounted for 16.1% of the German university teaching staff at that time!

Since then, two more rounds of such "teacher dismissals" have been carried out. At first, only Jewish professors were targeted, and then extended to all non-Germanic teachers, and then teachers with "non-identical spouses" were also dismissed.By 1939, Goebbels had fired 45 percent of the faculty at German universities and replaced them with often uneducated Nazi stickmen.So far, the national lineage of the teaching staff of German universities has finally become as pure as the stud herds of the German National Stud Farm, but the German higher education, which has always been internationally renowned, has basically died so far...

Although Goebbels in his own plane has not done such absurd things as burning books for the time being, Helena is still a little worried that this guy stuffed a bunch of third-rate academic Nazi sticks into the teaching staff of the university when he was recruiting troops.But Helena couldn't get Hitler to replace Goebbels directly, so she had to remind Mustache tactfully that when expanding the teaching team, he should be meritocratic and accept peer review, and Mustache agreed wholeheartedly.

Although Helena still didn't trust Goebbels, and even didn't trust Mustache's guarantee, she could only stop here.No matter what, the current situation is better than the last one, right?Helena comforted herself in this way.

"Education is a very good reservoir of labor force, but I think it is not enough to rely solely on expanding the scale of education to control the supply of labor force. We should also build a 'reservoir of labor force' with a larger capacity." Helena decided not to obsess over school expansion Instead, he continued to explain to Mustache his plan to deal with the unemployment problem.

"Oh, what Miss Helena means is that there are other ways to regulate labor supply, and this way is more powerful than educational expansion, is that true?" Doraemon, the one that can constantly take out magical props from his pocket that can solve his urgent needs.

"Yes, Your Excellency, General Manager." Helena replied: "We still have other ways to reserve human resources. I think that besides schools, the best reservoir of human resources should be the vast rural areas of our country. By the way, I heard that the government is preparing to discuss and pass a bill to protect hereditary farms, prohibiting hereditary farms from being used as collateral, and also prohibiting the dispersion, sale and transfer of hereditary farms, is there such a thing?"

"That's right, what do you think of this bill?" Hitler obviously supported the passage of this bill. To some extent, this bill aims to prevent the flow of agricultural population from rural areas to cities, and indirectly reduces the urban Employment pressure is also to prevent farms from going bankrupt due to debt problems.

"It's not great. I think this bill is probably the worst of all bad bills. Honestly, it's a law that completely ignores the facts and is completely derived from ideas. If this bill is passed, There are only two possible outcomes, one is that the decree is completely unenforceable and becomes a dead letter, or it will bring extremely negative consequences to our rural economy.” This time Helena did not beat around the bush, but spoke very bluntly. view.

Hearing Helena's evaluation like cold water in his head, Hitler suddenly felt a little helpless on his face. After all, this bill is what he has been trying to promote for a while.In Hitler's philosophy, German peasants were "representatives of Germany's survival force and the future of Germany." "The existence of a strong peasant class is one of the basic points of the national socialist policy."And this law, known as the "Heritage Farm Law", protects estates ranging in size from 7.5 hectares to 125 hectares.

"Can you tell me your reasons? Miss Helena." Although Hitler felt a little unhappy, he still decided to listen to Helena's reasons for opposing this decree.

Chapter 1 Intensive Agriculture

Helena couldn't help but sighed softly. Although her criticism of the "Honored Farm Law" was a bit fierce just now, this time Helena can swear on her conscience that every word she just said is the truth! "If this bill is promulgated, it will bring at least three serious consequences. Please think twice, Your Excellency the General Manager." Helena said sincerely.

"The first bad result that the "Hands-on Farm Law" will bring is that a considerable part of the land will be withdrawn from the field of circulation, and more than 1500 million hectares of cultivated land will no longer participate in the circulation, which is equivalent to one-third of the total area of ​​cultivated land in my country. One! The reduction of transferable land will inevitably lead to a tight supply of land, which will not only lead to an increase in land prices but also intensify land speculation. The increase in land costs will inevitably be passed on to all production areas, whether it is our agriculture or industry. So get hurt!"

"The second evil result that the "Historical Farm Law" will bring is that it will lead to the reduction of financing channels for agricultural producers and the shrinking of bank credit. Land has always been one of the most willing collaterals for banks, and the "Honorable Farm Law" "It is forbidden to use the Shichuan farm as collateral. On the one hand, this will limit the financing ability of the owner of the Shichuan farm, and thus be unable to expand reproduction; on the other hand, the reduction of high-quality collateral will affect the bank's willingness to lend, resulting in credit shrinkage !This is the complete opposite of our efforts to expand credit by relying on jobs bills!"

"The third evil result that the "Hands-on Farm Law" will bring is that the monadic inheritance system will greatly suppress the fertility rate of the rural population and hinder the normal flow of the rural population and the urban population. According to the statistics I know, in 1930 31% of our employed population in Germany is engaged in agricultural production, but only 18% of national wealth has been created, which shows that our country's agriculture is extremely inefficient in the use of human resources! If the "Law of the Handed down Farm" is promulgated, it will only further Inhibit the improvement of our country's agricultural production efficiency!"

"So, Your Excellency, General Manager, do you really want to pass such a bill? Or are you really going to protect the inheritance rights of a few people at the cost of harming the entire national economy?" Helena stared at Hitler with an expression A little aggressive, the mustache avoided Helena's gaze with a little guilt.

The general manager's office was quiet for about ten seconds before I heard Hitler say: "You are right, Miss Helena. Schacht has also told me about the consequences you just listed, and of course he is right." Not as detailed and comprehensive as yours." Mustache sighed wearily, and continued: "I thought Miss Helena would support this bill, after all, this bill also protects Miss Helena's inheritance rights. "

After hearing Hitler's words, Helena had an expected expression on her face.If it is necessary to say what is the meaning of passing the "Law of the Handed down Farm" by the Nazi Party on the previous plane, there are only two.One is to alleviate the employment pressure in cities by preventing the flow of rural population to cities, and the other is to win the support of Junker landlords.

In the last plane, Hitler and his Nazi party worked very hard to win the support of the Junker landlord class. In addition to promulgating the "Heritage Farm Law", which directly protects the land of small and medium Junker landlords from generation to generation. , The Nazi Party also formulated a series of preferential policies for the Junker landlord class to reduce the debt pressure and tax burden of the Junker landlords. In the three years from 1933 to 1936, the Junker landlords’ loan repayment interest expenses were reduced from 9.5 million marks to 6.3 million marks, and the tax expenditure was reduced from 7.4 million marks to 4.6 million marks. Get the benefit of 6 million marks!

For Hitler's eagerness to please the Junker landlord, Helena is actually completely understandable.However, Helena absolutely could not tolerate Mustache sacrificing the entire national economy to protect the backward agricultural production method of the Junker Manor.

Since entering the era of industrialization, Germany, as a rising industrial country, has always had a shortcoming, that is, the development of agriculture has not kept up with the pace of industrialization for a long time.The reason for this situation is largely due to the serious hindrance to the intensification of agricultural production by the manor economy of the Junker landlords.

Since the Junker landowners have long been in an advantageous position in the German political structure, they can continue to use their political power to introduce various bills to protect their feudal manor economy.This practice of distorting the market through administrative power has made it impossible for the Junker Manor, which was supposed to disintegrate when the industrial revolution swept across Germany, to withdraw from the German economic territory, and the intensification of German agriculture has naturally been unable to be completed.

In the last plane, a series of measures taken by the Nazi Party were actually protecting this semi-feudal mode of agricultural production, so the economic miracle of Nazi Germany was actually lame. From 1933 to 1939, Germany was engaged in agriculture and forestry. The population of pastoralists increased from 468.5 million to 492 million, but at the same time Germany's agricultural production in 1940 barely increased compared to 1930.In other words, in Germany under the Nazi rule, although the speed of industrial recovery and growth has attracted worldwide attention, the labor productivity in the agricultural field has stagnated or even regressed!

"To be honest, Your Excellency, General Manager, I have no interest in inheriting that ruined manor in Schleswig. The annual income of that ancestral manor is less than a fraction of my annual income from various patent fees, which is also my father's. Treat that Zhuangzi as a treasure." Helena curled her lips with some dissatisfaction and said: "The country can give some help to those Junker landlords who are on the verge of bankruptcy, but we should help them, not the inefficient people they represent. Production methods! The government maintains the existence of Junker landowners by promulgating protection laws, which is simply injecting fresh blood into the mummies in ancient tombs! Junker landowners’ manors must disappear from Germany’s economic territory. If they don’t disappear, we will In my opinion, this economic crisis is our once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to abolish this semi-feudal manor economy!"

"You really don't look like a young lady from the Junkers, Helena." Mustache's voice drifted over leisurely. Just as Helena was thinking about whether her identity as a time traveler had been exposed, Mustache said again: "How could I not know the benefits of agricultural intensification? But do you know how much the economic and political costs are? Germany can't afford such reforms, so let's talk about it slowly."

"Actually, I have a plan here. It only requires a small economic and political cost to erase the Junker landlord class from Germany's economic territory, and most Junkers will not object to this. I don't know. Is your Excellency the general manager interested?" Helena had a wild smile on her face.