Jingming

Chapter 106 Both winning and losing, I feel uncomfortable all over! (Add 22 more for the leader SP Baoer)

"Today, I will teach His Majesty that 'There is nothing better than few desires in cultivating the mind'."

As soon as Yang Tinghe opened his mouth, many people froze.

Of course, these people all thought of the Hall of Mental Cultivation that was being prepared in the palace.

Before the emperor said that he would rebuild a convenient hall and set up the imperial study room as the place where he would approve memorials, hold the Yan Dynasty, and summon the courtiers. The name Yangxin Hall came from Mencius' words.

And although Wang Shouren didn't talk much about the insights of the study of mind just now, the source of many insights in the study of the mind is to follow the views of Mencius from afar.

Now, Wang Shouren has just started from the point of view of Ercheng and Zhu Xi, the patriarchs of Confucianism, and Yang Tinghe has started to talk from the words of Mencius, and the meaning of tit for tat is obvious.

Naturally, this is also because Yang Tinghe was able to know what Wang Shouren said first.

It's not fair, but Yang Tinghe obviously doesn't care: everyone has to go to the sutra banquet to debate the sutras, why bother to be hypocritical?

At the same time, isn't this the meaning of the sutra feast?While arguing with Wang Shouren, Yang Tinghe was still admonishing the emperor.

"Desires are like the desires of the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, and limbs. Although human beings cannot do without them, they are too many without temperance. If there is any one that is not their original intention, scholars should take a deep warning. If there are many without restraint, it is as Mencius said: It is not benevolent to be rich. Gai Tian governs human desires and cannot stand side by side. When Yang Hu said this, he was afraid that benevolence would harm the rich. Mencius cited it, and he might be rich and harm others. Gentlemen and villains always do the opposite.”

Many people looked at Yang Tinghe with respect and admiration: The palace test asked why the country is rich, and you are now giving an example of being rich and fearing inhumanity?

Yang Ting and Su Rong continued: "Mencius saw King Hui of Liang, and the king said that benevolence and righteousness are nothing more than righteousness. Why should he say benefit?" Selfishness. Follow the principles of heaven, and you will not seek benefits without harming yourself; follow human desires, and you will not seek benefits, but will harm yourself. The so-called difference of a tiny bit, the error of a thousand miles. The profound meaning of the beginning of this book of Mencius , Scholars should observe carefully and discern.”

In the final analysis, a gentleman does not harm benevolence and righteousness because of seeking profit, while a villain seeks profit without fear.

"There is a saying in "Le Ji" that desire is not evil. Whether it is good or evil depends on whether there is restraint or no restraint. Human desire is not bad. "Shang Shu" has a saying that people's hearts are only in danger. It is called Those who are in danger, are in danger, and desires are not falling. The good and evil in the world are all natural principles. Those who call evil are not inherently evil, but they may be more or less. Therefore, the ancient sages said: Humans have inherent natural principles and human desires. If one wins, the other retreats. If he wins, he will retreat, there is no reason to advance or retreat without neutrality."

"From the desires of the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, and limbs, it is the human heart and selfish desires; when the perception is from benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, it is the mind of the Dao and the principles of heaven. If one wants to cultivate one's body and first corrects one's mind, one is to get rid of selfish desires and reach the principles of heaven. The essence of it is, The word "destroyed."

"Gai everyone has a heart of Taoism. This is the nature of destiny, so everyone can be a Yao and Shun. However, everyone has a human heart. This nature of temperament, so Zi said that nature is similar but habits are far away. Heavenly principles and human desires exist in one body. .Destroying human desires while maintaining the principles of heaven, this is the way for a scholar to seek the virtuous, the virtuous to sages, and the saints to hope for the heavens; but to fulfill human desires and abandon the principles of heaven, the mind of the Tao will gradually degenerate, there will be no hope of righteousness, and the family and country will not survive."

"There is nothing good at cultivating the mind with few desires. Oddity is the festival and extinction. However, the natural law and human desires exist in one body, and the desires have not fallen. [-]. Food must be full and beautiful is human desire. Everything is done according to propriety, and it will eventually reach the law of heaven, because the law of heaven is the nature of destiny for a person, and it is ethics and ritual for all people. Eliminate human desires and save The nature of destiny, follow the principles of ethics, then the hearts of all peoples will be correct, and the unity of heaven and man will be achieved.”

"Your Majesty is the son of heaven. If you can have few desires, you will eventually preserve the principles of heaven in your body and the unity of heaven and man. Fu Wei, the emperor, clearly discerns the danger of falling into desire. If you cultivate your mind with few desires, you will be a holy son of heaven Set an example, the world will follow, the family and the country will be governed, and the world will be peaceful."

Zhu Houcong tried his best to suppress the rushing horses in his heart: "... I would like to be taught."

With the habits and accumulation he has been in this era for almost two years, he can only understand half of it when he suddenly hears such a long explanation.

He is now thinking about the logic, not to find out whether what he said makes sense, but to wonder where such a speech is to refute Wang Shouren's method of "reaching conscience"?

Then he saw that among the ministers on the left and right, several of them even ignored the etiquette of the banquet and nodded slightly in agreement.

There were a few senior Hanlin scholars who even burst into tears.

Zhu Houcong:? ? ?

Zhu Houcong, who still doesn't have such a comprehensive understanding of Confucianism, didn't understand Yang Tinghe's trump card in this passage: the unity of man and nature.

You are the emperor, and being ordered by heaven is a very important pillar of your legal system in the hearts of all people.What maintains this cognition is etiquette.The reason why etiquette is established is to let everyone follow a set of standards, so as to gradually regulate the heart through behavior and let people restrain themselves.

It is beneficial for the emperor if everyone abides by the rules; if the emperor takes the lead in obeying the rules, it will strengthen the etiquette.

Now you say that you need to cultivate your heart and have few desires. If you don't set an example, then the etiquette will be a little shaken.

If everyone is encouraged to act according to the heart as Wang Shouren said, then for some people who have not yet reached the level of conscience and do not use the heart of Tao to develop conscience, is it possible to wait until they do not have enough "knowledge"? Mess around and break the rules?
The focus is on this one word.

Heaven and man are one, you have no worries about the rule of law, and your status is respected; if there are no standards and rules in the world, there will be chaos, then you are the master of the "death in four realms" that Yang Tinghe did not mention in "Mencius", and you can be replaced. It is possible to be overthrown as a "monkey thief".

Naturally, Yang Tinghe wasn't warning, he just looked at Zhu Houcong with some expectation: You should understand what I told you the day before yesterday about the harm of mental learning, right?Wang Shouren only said that everyone can become a saint through enlightenment. Let me tell you that although everyone has natural principles in their hearts, they also have selfish desires.

It is not so easy to become a saint, but selfish desires are easy to degenerate.That guy keeps telling you about the upper limit, but taking Neo-Confucianism as an official study is to raise the lower limit!

Zhu Houcong couldn't understand Yang Tinghe's eyes at all.

If he understands it, he can probably translate a sentence: Your Majesty, you don't want your world to be in chaos, do you?To be more realistic, let's take care of the present first, keep the lower limit, and don't be fooled by the big cake that everyone is sanctified!
But Zhu Houcong only felt that Yang Tinghe lost a lot in terms of teaching level.

The first round is over.

Zhu Houcong couldn't tell who everyone thought was better.

Then came the second round: free debate.

But according to the previously designed procedure ceremony, at this time, the emperor should first make a speech, ask a question, and ask the two "teachers" for advice at the same time, so that the two teachers can express their opinions to each other and answer the emperor's questions during the debate.

Courtesy is very important.

If the emperor had no doubts, how could the two courtiers tear it apart?Isn't that also because the desire for fame is too strong, and the work is too low-level?

The Wenhua Palace fell into silence.

Yang Tinghe's eyes gradually turned from anticipation to confusion: did he not understand, or was he deliberately pretending not to understand, or asked a tricky question?Could it be that my example of making a fuss about the Hall of Mental Cultivation and giving the example of being rich is inhumane hurt the emperor's heart?
Wang Qiong was very nervous: Yang Ting and this old guy, this sermon has a very high intention.In fact, he didn't regard Wang Shouren as an opponent at all, but reminded the emperor that if Xinxue became one of the harms caused by the official academy.This hazard may be related to the symbolic meaning of the title of the unity of man and nature and the Son of Heaven.

"... What the two gentlemen said, I thought about it carefully and benefited a lot."

Zhu Houcong also remembered what he was supposed to do at this time, so he first said something on the scene, saying that my silence just now was not because I didn't understand, but because I was thinking.

After his eyes glanced at Yan Song, he still asked the question he had prepared from the previous "asking" to Yan Song.

With Yan Song's thoughtfulness and brains, what he said should be the most flammable and explosive question ever raised.

"Conscience is difficult to lighten, and human desires are difficult to eliminate. From my point of view, the two gentlemen's methods seem to lead to the same goal by different routes, and the essence is the same. Can they be used together?"

As soon as the words came out, the battle broke out.

"No!"

Yang Tinghe immediately retorted solemnly: "The essence is completely different! The way to develop conscience is to accept it without knowing it. If the intention is not sincere and the heart is not right, then it will be practiced without cultivation. It is inevitable that the family will not be in harmony. The law is based on the principle of heaven, and the law of etiquette is the constant. Those who are not yet knowledgeable, those who are not sincere, and those whose hearts are not correct can also understand how to cultivate themselves and how to act. It is moved by people's hearts, but people's hearts are different. If we do it at the same time, will we preserve the principles of heaven and destroy people's desires? Will we be reckless and go first and then develop conscience? If each insists on one word, the people will not know what to do."

"I don't take it seriously, I can do it myself."

Wang Shouren entered the state with a smile, Yang Tinghe was slightly taken aback.

you know what you're talking aboutHow is this possible?You study the mind, but think that the mind is the law of heaven!
Isn't that my heart is the biggest and I am the only one?

I am the opposite of you!

Yang Tinghe immediately entered a state that made Zhu Houcong feel even more confused.

From this moment on, he directly began to run out of essential issues, such as reason, nature, heart, qi, desire, good, evil... all kinds of Neo-Confucianism about cosmology and ontology, human nature and mind-nature theory , The concept of knowing and doing and self-cultivation theory, the concept of heaven and man and the theory of realm have all jumped out.

Zhu Houcong could understand many words, but he couldn't understand them together.

The ambition to be a "learned" emperor is faltering: it's too difficult.

But Zhu Houcong really entered the learning state, reluctantly followed and studied their thinking.

For those who don't understand for the time being, Yan Song and Liu Long can help him review and explain in detail after returning.

Whether Neo Confucianism or Xinxue, they are actually the understandings of intellectuals in this era in the field of philosophical thought.

Inside, it reflects the three views of people in this era.On the outside, he is also closely related to official education and ruling tools, and is an important channel for class mobility.

Yang Tinghe opened up his firepower almost from the very beginning of his rebuttal, grasping the shortcomings of Xinxue which depended more on personal talent and current state of mind, and pursued it fiercely.

In the final analysis, it is the problem of how to govern the country: do both, some people are not good enough to do it first, and after doing it, you can guarantee that they will reflect on progress?There is no uniform standard to tell the people of the world how to do it, so if it is indecent or illegal, the world will not be in chaos?
Regarding Yang Tinghe's long speech, Wang Shouren still only maintained a relaxed posture and smiled and said: "The etiquette and law cannot be changed, and the laws of heaven are clear. The law of conscience starts from not overstepping the rules, and ends with enlightenment and sanctification. Predictions can be practiced at the same time, and it is a further step in self-denial, and one should gradually develop one's own conscience and observe propriety and reason. If you only know self-denial and destroy others' desires, you will not Isn’t the way to gain knowledge by sticking to the same place, so that all the scholars and common people in the world are in a daze and don’t try to improve?”

Zhu Houcong, who deliberately knew more about the science of the mind, understood: You only seek the lower limit of Neo-Confucianism, and people in the world follow the rules and don't make trouble, but won't it become more and more lifeless and lifeless?I said you can do both, that is, you control the lower limit, and I will try to raise the upper limit.

How can Yang Tinghe bear this: what is being fought now is the issue of the upper limit!

Who determines the upper limit of Ming Dynasty?Scholars!Oh Your Majesty, put down the knife first, you respect Confucianism, and you are also one of your own.

Continuing... Your heart learning is responsible for raising the upper limit, which is to let scholars abandon the more secure but more difficult path of general exhibitions, and choose your "my heart is reason", "knowledge is action", "after action The shortcut path of "gradually becoming" and letting oneself "knowledge" that may be incorrect?
How can a conscience be so good?Watch people!

But what an excuse!Shortcuts, who wouldn't want to take them?

Your team is getting bigger and bigger. In the future, do you want to change the lower limit of the heavenly principles and the etiquette of educating sentient beings?
He immediately continued to retort: ​​"If the people of the world can follow the etiquette and law to keep their families in order, then it is their responsibility to govern the country and the world. There are people with virtue and talent. Scholars, farmers, businessmen, and civil and military officials each perform their duties. The holy emperor rules the world. It is said that the world is peaceful. Han Chuang studies hard to understand the difficulty of acquiring knowledge, and uses his talents; when he is an official, he knows the dangers of people's desires, and he chooses those who are virtuous. Only when such people are in the dynasty can they sincerely extend knowledge, guard the land and secure the people, Gradually, the prosperity of Datong is unfolding. If you don’t try to improve, you must walk slowly. Even if you are a well-trained soldier, if you march a hundred miles and fight for profit, you will become a general; It's like cooking fresh food, Boan must know!"

In the final analysis, one word: stable!

And your method is unstable.

What we are doing now is not asking the people to play a huge role, just not adding chaos.It is up to scholars to develop the country and raise the upper limit.Moreover, the civil and military officials in charge of governing the country and the world did not come randomly. They had to go through the imperial examinations to see their talents, and then go through the officialdom to promote their virtues.

Both talent and virtue are taken into account, so that all the officials in the court are "right-hearted".Only these people have the hope of attaining enlightenment.

What's the use of making everyone a saint just by clamoring for conscience?What about the management and selection system?
Zhu Houcong was dumbfounded: How thick-skinned!What about the statement in the lobby of the Ministry of Criminal Justice that "when the water is clear, there will be no fish"?Now the civil servants in the court are all promoted by the method you said, right?
He faintly felt that Yang Tinghe's words had thrown him a pot: the system is good, but now the emperor seems to follow the etiquette system, but in fact acts recklessly.

Faced with Yang Tinghe's rebuttal, Wang Shouren just shook his head: "I know the importance of being safe. The method of achieving conscience is to enlighten the common people, to educate the scholars, and to extend knowledge to all officials. Virtue and talent, you can clearly distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of studying things to gain knowledge and virtuous knowledge. What I advocate is that in addition to general observation, you must be willing to do, dare to do, and then introspect after doing it. Conscience is not allowed. It is impossible to practice without advancing day by day, and to slack off when the Tao hinders it. First, I also hope that all officials will be improved every day, knowledge will become more refined, and the virtuous will be sagely?"

Yang Tinghe opened his mouth, but didn't think about how to refute this point for a while.

Why did he put his status so low, saying that the law of conscience is just a helping hand?
I don't let the common people and ordinary people who have not become officials use this method indiscriminately, or let the officials you have selected with both ability and political integrity and integrity use it.

As the head of a hundred officials, you will not refuse these "sages" to go a little faster on the road of "sages"?Don't you want them to sometimes use "unrecognized" as an excuse to neglect government affairs and avoid doing things?
The emperor with big ambitions is still watching here.

I'm just offering a small trick to make a small step forward every day, not to overthrow your majestic avenue of Neo-Confucianism.

Don't say that elite soldiers will be half behind if they travel fifty miles a day.

Let's go up to Wei Wei for an instant faster than the speed at which no one is left behind, okay?

Out of the corner of Yang Tinghe's eyes, he caught a glimpse of the smile on the emperor's mouth, and at this moment he finally understood Wang Shouren's strategy.

Facing the orthodox Neo Confucianism, facing Yang Tinghe, he wins if he doesn't lose.

Even if Yang Tinghe finds it difficult to argue, put on a pitiful posture of being a fringe learner, point out a small advantage of oneself, and stretch out weakly to test it, it is considered a victory.

No wonder he never disputes whether it is reason or not, and only talks about his little method of improving conscience, and completely limits the scope of application within the framework of Neo Confucianism.

Just a little trick, try it?There is no additional cost.

This is also the daily progress of his Wang Shouren and Xinxue: just a little more influence every day.

Is this the unity of knowledge and action?
Zhu Houcong thought it was okay, but Wang Shouren was pretending to be a pig and not eating a tiger.Humans and animals roamed around here harmlessly, but they really only needed to survive to be considered successful.

"Listening to the two gentlemen's argument is better than reading ten years of books. It seems that the method of cultivating conscience is indeed not without merit, and it is beneficial to learning. The two gentlemen are tired, please drink."

When the emperor's voice came out, it meant that the debate was over, and the emperor was no longer "confused" about that question.

Yang Shen, who was the exhibitor, saluted, and retreated to the side with unwillingness to see his father.

Why not continue to refute?

This Wang Shouren avoids and refuses to refute the fundamental problem of the study of mind, which is a failure!
He felt that even if he went up by himself, there were many arguments that could refute Wang Shouren.

But he didn't understand, Yang Tinghe couldn't speak anymore.

This is not a life-threatening, this is just an academic exchange.

Even in Zhu Xi's time, it cannot be said that Xinxue has no merits.

People have already given up.

Did it bite him?

But in this debate, Yang Tinghe, like last time, both won and lost.

Even if the emperor only learned a little skill of learning by heart, it was also learned by heart.

Although those scholars and officials who "respect the virtuous and the holy" will not give up Confucianism, will they also try the method of improving conscience after listening to today's debate?

Wang Shouren dropped a seed here, and left contentedly and gracefully.

But Yang Tinghe felt uncomfortable all over!

Why doesn't he refute or struggle, doesn't want to get more?

Yang Tinghe just remembered: Wang Shouren didn't even want the credit for pacifying the Chenhao Rebellion!

　The 5000-word chapter is 1.28 words today. After finishing the difficult debate, it is not a face-to-face crush, because this itself is just a "harmonious academic thought exchange", just like Zhu Lu's debate is still " good friend".Another: I have already passed Wanjun, although the badge still needs to wait for 20 V, but I owe more +10=28 (bald head...)
　　
　
(End of this chapter)