Beiyang 1917

~After the quarterly offensive came to an end without a problem, Soviet Russia and Germany negotiated peace in May, and most of the main forces of Germany and Austria were transferred west throughout May, while the continuous arrival of the US military on the French battlefield injected fresh blood into the Allies.

Throughout June, the Allied Powers, with Britain and France as the main force, launched a large-scale offensive against the two salient parts of the German defense line, Amiens and the Marne River. There were 42 people in 50 divisions, and about 56 divisions each of the remaining British and French troops guarded the defense lines of the Allies.

The eight main divisions of the First Army of the American Expeditionary Force acted as a reserve force, while the remaining sixteen divisions of the US Army's recruits stood on the third line of defense.

And through the mobilization since May, the German commander-in-chief Ludendorff deployed 180 or eight divisions, [-] heavy field guns and [-] light field guns on the Western Front.

As the offensive side, the Allied Powers possessed [-] heavy artillery pieces and [-] light artillery pieces. The Air Force of the Allied Powers was nearly twice as strong as that of Germany—[-] in the attacking direction of Amiens against Germany’s [-] Two hundred; about eighteen hundred against one thousand and seventy in the direction of the Marne.

The summer offensive of the Allied Powers in June was a tragedy for both sides. The Allied Powers on the offensive side had fewer troops on the front line than the German and Austrian troops on the defensive side. The British and French assault groups used had more troops than the opposing German and Austrian troops.

The Amiens-Marne summer offensive launched by the Allied Powers lasted for nearly a month. The tanks of the Allied Powers broke through the German first and second line positions, but were trapped by the criss-crossing anti-tank trenches between the German second and third line positions. It was impossible to move, and the infantry accompanying the attack was simply blocked by the German artillery fire and could not move forward before the second-line position.

The main force of nearly 200 million of the two sides fought in Amiens and the Marne River. The German heavy artillery always had a local advantage. General Foch has more in his hands, and Germany, as the defensive side, is fighting on the inside. The well-developed railway network in France and Belgium makes the mobilization of German troops in two directions fast and efficient.

The 1918 summer offensive launched by the Allied Powers was later considered to be a wrong offensive launched at the wrong time. When the battle subsided at the end of June, the Allied Powers returned to their previous starting positions. The British army lost 21, and the French army Casualties reached 27, while the casualties of the German and Austrian troops on the opposite side were roughly around 32. What's more terrible is that the Allies lost about half of their heavy artillery and almost all of the nearly [-] tanks that were put into the battlefield.

Without the First Army of the American Expeditionary Force to block Ludendorff's counterattack, the Allied Powers' front lines could hardly be maintained. As for the air force, the two sides fought evenly. The Luftwaffe, who outnumbered them, held back.

The disastrous defeat of the Allies' summer offensive made the atmosphere on the western front even more tense. While the two sides paused to lick their wounds, they coincidentally turned their attention back to Russia's eastern front.

In late June 1918, Kolchak's White Guards voluntarily abandoned their positions on the right bank of the Volga River, west of Ufa, and turned to shrink west and north. There was no looseness in his hand.Of course, rumors that the gold in the Kazan treasury has been transferred to Ufa are also flying around.

The crowds fleeing from the Volga River Basin and the Ufa area are rolling westward. It is rumored that in West Siberia east of the Ural Mountains, rent reduction and temporary land management regulations have begun to be implemented. There is no war in the rear, especially for Russian farmers. For landless peasants, this moment is heaven! <Proud of the wind, he disregarded the orders of the front army headquarters and commanded his own army to cross the Volga River from Simbirsk in one fell swoop. The White Guards on the other bank had long since fled. Within a week, the First Army regained the right bank of the Volga River A land of [-] kilometers in depth, and regained the important town of Meleks at the confluence of the Mereks River and the Great Cheremshan River.

Of course, not to be outdone, the 4th Army under the Soviet Russian Eastern Front crossed the Volga River from Setherland to the north, and then rushed to Merex. The two sides almost clashed over the spoils left by the White Guards. The telegrams sent to Moscow were all It was the other party who robbed him of his credit and spoils.

Comrade Ulyanov in Moscow obviously valued the Red Army general Tukhachevsky who was born as a worker and peasant. The fighting spirit of compromise obviously made his name leave a deep impression on Ulyanov.

As a kind of support or balance, and also to reconcile the contradiction between the first army and the commander of the front army, Vatzetis, at the end of June 1918, the Supreme Military Council of Central Yang of Soviet Russia issued an order to divide the Eastern Front Army into two clusters, the North and the South. , The Northern Group is composed of the Fifth Army and the Third Army, commanded by the commander of the Front Army, Vatzedis.

The Southern Group of the Eastern Front Army is composed of the first, second, and fourth armies. The commander of the Southern Group is concurrently served by Tukhachevsky, the commander of the First Army. The strength of the South Group.

The 31st Turkestan Infantry Division, the 13th Cavalry Division, and the Mixed Cavalry Division under the Fifth Army of the Northern Group Kazan Line were urgently transferred to the 1st Army to strengthen the offensive on the southern line in the direction of Ufa, so that However, the strength of the Southern Group commanded by Tukhachevsky increased to about 16, becoming the main force group on the Eastern Front.

Such adjustments and deployments are obviously the result of a game between Ulyanov and Trotsky in controlling the front-line military command. Trotsky’s point of view of using Tsarist Russian military experts as the command of the group army and the front army has been weakened unconsciously. Although these senior generals of Tsarist Russia have long sworn allegiance to the Soviets and joined the Bolsheviks, whether Vatsitis or Slavin, as senior generals of former Tsarist Russia, it is obviously very important for them of noble origin to fully integrate into the embrace of the Bolsheviks. difficult.

At the same time, because the northern group has been unable to attack for a long time on the front line of Kazan, while the southern group is progressing smoothly west of Ufa, Ulyanov's comrades have accused Vatsitis and the commander of the Fifth Army who are in charge of the northern group more than once. Slavin made the mistake of right-leaning opportunism and asked to review them and the middle and senior generals on the Kazan front. Of course, fortunately, Trotsky, the chairman of the Supreme Military Council, resisted all opinions.

Dzerzhinsky's Chekas did not dare to behave like they did in Tsaritsyn on the Kazan front. During the three Tsaritsyn defense campaigns in May and June, Comrade Joseph, the military commissar of the Southern Front, The division commanders and brigade commanders who ordered the shooting were as many as a squad or a squad!Of course, the facts have also proved that the anti-revolutionary and iron-blood policies are necessary means. After evading the Cheka's butcher knife, two division commanders immediately pulled the team to defect to Krasnov and Denikin's White Guards on the opposite side!

Soviet Russian central yang and the Russian people certainly saw Kolchak’s all-Russian interim government’s land reform, eight-hour work system, improved workers’ treatment, and the announcement of food stamps for urban residents, but the Volga River defense line has already missed Under the circumstances, no one took what Kolchak Zheng Fu said seriously. No matter how the seemingly precarious regime promised, it was empty words. In fact, in the west of the Ural Mountains, with the news of the defeat of the White Guards on the front line one after another, the entire society was in a precarious state. among.

Part of it is that the local people spontaneously fled from west to east of the Ural Mountains in order to escape, and part of it is that the Kolchak government began to relocate factories and equipment in important cities such as Kazan and Ufa and the families of the White Guards to the east of the Ural Mountains. It's exactly the same as before. Of course, it doesn't matter whether the east of the Ural Mountains belongs to the Chinese, the Japanese, or the West Siberian Autonomous Government, as long as people have a way to survive, it is better than anything else!