Short video spoiler history: The beginning of modern warfare

Chapter 66 History of the Invention of Bacteria

During the Zhenguan period, Chang'an City.

Li Shimin had naturally heard of the name of Zhu Biao. Zhu Biao was the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He was said to be the most stable prince in history.

However, what Li Shimin cared about was not Zhu Biao or Zhu Yuanzhang, but the Ming Dynasty.
The Ming Dynasty appeared too many times. In comparison, the Tang Dynasty seemed like a passerby.

No one cares about him, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin
Even Empress Wu Zetian was too lazy to say more. Li Shimin was so worried.
During the Hongwu period, Jinling City.

Zhu Yuanzhang was a little out of control. Was he also half the murderer of Biao'er?

How can it be!

However, historical records show that even if he wanted to refute it, it would be useless.

He opened his mouth, wanting to blame the imperial physician, but nothing came out. If he had to blame anyone, it was himself for not paying enough attention to it.

As Tianmu said, how could such a serious disease be cured in just ten days!

Then I thought of the crazy plan in my heart, a plan that I had never told anyone, and maybe the plan had already succeeded by then.

However, the process of centralizing power will also centralize the power of affairs, so that the leader will be overwhelmed by the heavy workload.
From the perspective of the future of the Ming Dynasty, although the power of the prime minister seems to have been abolished, in fact it is just a change of name, such as the chief minister Zhang Juzheng.

Zhu Yuanzhang took a deep breath, looked at Zhu Biao guiltily, and then ordered the Imperial Hospital to collect cases of back abscesses among the people and study diagnosis and treatment methods, and to test the efficacy of allicin on back abscesses.

In the Imperial Medical Service, or in the pharmacies and clinics throughout the Ming Dynasty, the physicians and doctors were subtly divided into two factions.

One group follows the lead of the heavens and accepts the bacterial virus theory completely without any doubt. Allicin is the best proof.

The other group also recognizes the magical effect of allicin, but is skeptical about the bacteria and virus theory. After all, this thing cannot be seen or touched, and it sounds too much like a trick played by folk charlatans.

In this case, you can just talk nonsense, right?
There are also some people among the supporters who try to take advantage of the situation. They use the authority of the imperial court to deceive women and the elderly. In the worst cases, they take away their clothes or their money. Recently, the capital has received many reports of this. It seems that this has become a malpractice.

Among the opposition there are diehards as well as those who hold a steady attitude, but curing illnesses and saving lives must be treated with the utmost seriousness.

There are black sheep on both sides who harm themselves and benefit others, so they dislike each other and attack each other but can do nothing about it.

For this reason, both sides urgently need evidence to prove the bacterial and viral theory.

As everyone was thinking about their own things, the sky changed again.

[In the late 17th century, a Dutchman named Leeuwenhoek created a microscope that could magnify objects 200-300 times. It looked like this.]

[It has several main components, from bottom to top, they are the mirror base, reflector, stage, objective lens, eyepiece, etc. ]

[The reflector is a concave mirror, and the objective lens and eyepiece are convex lenses, both made of glass. The function of the objective lens and eyepiece is to magnify the object. The image can be kept clear by adjusting the distance between the two. I will not go into details here.]

[Once Leeuwenhoek observed the tartar of an old man who had never brushed his teeth, and he was surprised to find many small creatures]

[These small creatures are dry, spiral or spherical, some exist alone, and some are connected together]

Leeuwenhoek became the first person in the world to see bacteria. He drew the bacteria he saw and published it in the journal of the Royal Society of London. From then on, people in the world knew about the existence of bacteria.

During the Hongwu period, Jinling City.

With a "yeah" sound from the sky, a relatively complex machine appeared before his eyes.

There was no need to urge him, as the painter had already copied its structure in detail, and the skylight had omitted a bunch of other parts, retaining only a few main parts, so copying it was not difficult.

"This thing can magnify objects 200-300 times?" Zhu Biao was still a young man after all, and the rd year of Hongwu was still a long way off, so he was immediately attracted by the microscope that Tianmu talked about.

What is this concept?
Zhu Biao couldn't imagine it. If there was an effect similar to magnification, it would be like placing an orange far away and then slowly approaching it, to see the outline of the orange, its color, the details of the texture on the leaves, the uneven surface of the orange peel, etc.

But this is a bit self-deceptive after all, because you could have held the orange up to your eyes and looked at it more closely.

Not only Zhu Biao, but Xu Da was also confused.

But when he looked around and saw that all the civil and military officials were scratching their heads, he immediately felt that he was not stupid.
"Are there bacteria on human dental plaque?" Hu Weiyong's voice became much higher. When he saw those rod-shaped things swimming in the sky and various curved things "crawling", he felt goose bumps.

In other words, the yellow plaque in his mouth is now "crawling" with bacteria.
This was no longer a matter of disgust. Hu Weiyong felt that he was unclean.
Not only him, but also a group of powerful generals, Xu Da, Li Wenzhong, Deng Yu and others, were all saying "Puh, Puh, Puh" non-stop at this moment, wishing they could spit out all the bacteria in their mouths.

Zhang Yuanshi of the Imperial Hospital and his two judges all looked livid.
Although the two judges, Li and Deng, held different opinions on the bacterial and viral theories, they were truly disgusted at this moment. At the same time, they couldn't help but feel a little frightened when they thought of the dental plaque in the other party's mouth.

Moreover, he was still arguing with the other party about what the spitting bacteria were. They were the culprit of back abscesses, as well as various diseases such as wound ulcers.
For a moment, both sides took a few steps back, their sense of self-inflicted danger outweighing their ambition to devote themselves to learning.

Director Zhang swallowed his saliva, but at the same time he thought that the saliva might contain bacteria, and his face turned green for a moment.
[But until the mid-19th century, people didn’t know where bacteria came from]

【French scientist Pasteur designed an ingenious experiment】

[He designed a gooseneck bottle, the tube of the bottle is a structure with several bends, like this]

[Then put broth in the gooseneck bottle and boil the broth to kill the bacteria in it. After a year, the broth is still clear and no bacteria grow.] [The trick here is that the bacteria fall into the catheter mouth and then get stuck at the bend and cannot really enter the broth. Pure broth will never produce bacteria.]

[The problem was with the air, so he broke the bottleneck. After only one day, the broth became turbid and bacteria multiplied in the broth]

[It seems that he was right. It was the bacteria in the air that drifted into the broth, causing it to spoil.]

[Pasteur's experiment shows that bacteria do not occur naturally, but are produced by pre-existing bacteria]

During the Zhenguan period, Chang'an City.

Li Shimin suppressed his nausea and continued to listen. When he saw the gooseneck bottle designed by Pasteur, his eyes lit up. What a wonderful thing!

"Pass the order down and have the staff prepare a few similar bottles for the experiment. Fill them with boiled broth. Also prepare a few ordinary bowls and also fill them with boiled broth. Observe how long it takes for both to spoil."

If the broth in this gooseneck bottle can really last longer than the broth normally stored in the bottle, it means that the bacteria really come from the air and are everywhere.

It also explains why food spoils.

Although he already knew the result, he still wanted to witness and participate in the experimental process with his own eyes, just like the previous free fall experiment.

Although the result was silent, it was deafening.

Li Shimin knew that the thing was called Tao, or truth!

Moreover, the significance of this experiment is extremely important. It proves that there is indeed something that causes food to spoil.

Combined with the so-called microscope, they have already opened half the door to the new world!

That was a world that had never been discovered before!
Nanjun in the late Han Dynasty.

Old doctor Zhang Zhongjing held the copied microscope and gooseneck bottle structure diagram tremblingly, his eyes moistened.

In this age where everyone is selfish and self-centered, Tianmu's selfless attitude of spreading knowledge moved him.

Moreover, this is knowledge from nearly 2000 years ago, and it is the key to the door to a new world.

If the existence of bacteria and viruses is really confirmed, the theories in existing medical books may have to be rewritten.
So even though there were only two pieces of paper in my hand, they were as heavy as a thousand pounds.

[Pasteur not only figured out the origin of bacteria, but also discovered two commonly used bacteria, namely lactic acid bacteria for making yogurt and yeast for steaming buns]

[Not only that, he also proposed a method to prevent surgical infection, which is now widely used in various surgeries]

[In addition, he also proposed a method of preserving wine and milk, which was named after him: pasteurization]

[Because Pasteur made such a great contribution to microbiology, later generations called him the father of microbiology]

[Bacteria are very small. About 10 billion bacteria piled up together would only be as big as a grain of rice. You need a high-power microscope or electron microscope to see it.]

[Look at these bacteria. The spherical ones are called cocci, the rod-shaped ones are called bacilli, and the curved or spiral-shaped ones are called spirochetes. It seems that bacteria like to be named after their shapes.]

[Although these bacteria have different shapes, they are all single cells, that is, one bacterium is one cell]

[Although some bacteria are connected to each other, each bacterium lives independently. The basic structure of these independent bacteria is the same, with cell walls, cell membranes, and cytoplasm.]

[In addition, bacteria do not have a complete nucleus, only a region where DNA is concentrated, which contains the bacteria's genetic material]

[Organisms like bacteria that do not have a formed nucleus are called prokaryotes, which are relatively primitive organisms]

During the Hongwu period, Jinling City.

Zhu Yuanzhang breathed a sigh of relief and decisively ordered people to manufacture microscopes and gooseneck bottles according to the drawings. The gooseneck bottles were made of colored glaze.

The microscope is quite complicated. The so-called eyepiece, objective lens and reflector are all made of glass and can be replaced by colored glaze, but the skylight does not give a detailed structure. Zhu Yuanzhang vaguely felt that there were some important things in it that were not mentioned.

However, he just gave the order, and the people in the Ministry of Industry would find ways to deal with the problems if they encountered any.

Zhu Yuanzhang called this experiment the broth experiment, and the significance of this experiment is absolutely significant.

It is a great pity that we were unable to replicate or participate in the last free fall experiment under vacuum conditions.

Now he wants to preside over the broth experiment himself!
Xu Da and others had been with His Majesty for a long time, so they naturally knew that His Majesty was serious and were very excited for a moment.

This thing is both disgusting and somewhat desirable to watch, everyone thought with this trepidation.

If it is really proven that my mouth is full of this stuff, then even the sweet mouth of Xiao Taohong on the Qinhuai River boat will not be sweet anymore.
Forget it. I have been reading the books of sages for many years and have long been fed up with these immoral things. From today on: I will abstain from sex!

(End of this chapter)