The Four Steps to the Sky

One of the guardians of the devil-Guan Hanqing

Guan Hanqing, nicknamed Jizhaisou, was born in Xiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), and was the head of the four masters of Yuanqu.

Unknown life story, according to

"Record Ghost Book" lists Guan Hanqing at the top of Zaju, and Zhu Quan's "Taihe Zhengyin Pu" commented: "Looking at his words, he is a talent who can be superior or inferior. Those who choose them are the beginning of Zaju, so they are outstanding.Wang Guowei's "History of Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties": "E Yuan" is also ashamed to be included in the world's great tragedy.

A crater on Mercury is named after him.

The full name of "Chang'e Yuan" is "Moving the Heaven and Earth", and the tragic plot is based on the folk tales of filial piety in the East China Sea.The plot reflects the dark reality and political ills of the corrupt officials in the Yuan Dynasty who were righteous, disregarded human lives, and the common people sued for injustice.

"Chang'e Yuan" was once adapted from the legendary "The Story of the Golden Lock" and the local opera "June Snow". Later generations often use the June Frost in the story as a metaphor for grievances.Wang Guowei thinks that "The Injustice of the Eternity" is included in the world's great tragedies, and he is also ashamed.

This play has a total of [-]% off and [-] wedge.

Wedge - The heroine Duan Yun was sent to the Cai family as a daughter-in-law fu (that is, child bride-in-law) because her father Tianzhang paid off her debts since she was a child, and she was renamed E.

The first discount - less than two years after marriage, E's husband passed away; E and Po Cai depended on each other.Mrs. Cai asked Sai Lu to collect her debts, but she was almost strangled to death when she was unsuccessful, but she happened to be rescued by Zhang Lver and his son.

Unexpectedly, Zhang Lv'er is a hooligan. After taking the opportunity to move into Cai's house, he threatened his mother-in-law and daughter-in-law to marry their father and son, but E sternly refused.

The second fold - Granny Cai wanted to eat lamb tripe soup, and Zhang Lver wanted to poison Granny E to be domineering (Zhang Lver threatened to report on the attempt to strangle Granny Cai, and asked Sailu doctor for poison), but was killed by his father instead. He accidentally ate and poisoned his father.

Zhang Luer then falsely accused E of murder.The prefect Taozhu tortured her to extract a confession, and E couldn't bear her mother-in-law to suffer the crime together, so she confessed to poisoning her father-in-law and was sentenced to beheaded.

The third fold - E is escorted to the execution ground.Before her execution, E confessed that she was wronged, and made an oath against the heavens. After her death, she would splatter her blood in vain but not touch the ground.

The fourth fold - Three years later, E's grievances were complained to his father who had served as an incorruptible visit envoy; the case was retried, and Dr. Sailu was sent to the army, the faint official Taozhu was dismissed from his post, and Zhang Lv'er beheaded, E's grievances were brought to light.

In the end, E's injustice hoped that his father Tianzhang could take his in-laws, Granny Cai, to the residence and perform filial piety instead of E. The father agreed, and the whole play ended.

A famous classic saying: The good man suffers from poverty and shortens his life, while the evil man enjoys wealth and life and prolongs his life.Heaven and earth too!He acted as if he was afraid of the strong and bullying the weak, but it turned out to be so smooth.Land, you don't know where is good or what is bad!God, you are wrong to be stupid and foolish!

The Four Great Masters of Yuan Opera refers to four dramatists of the Yuan Dynasty, namely Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu.

In the Ming Dynasty, He Liangjun said in "Siyou Zhai Cong Shuo": Yuan Dynasty Yuefu called Ma Dongli, Zheng Dehui, Guan Hanqing, and Bai Renfu the four great masters.Prior to this, Zhou Deqing of the Yuan Dynasty said in the preface to "Central Plains Rhyme": "The prosperity of Yuefu is difficult to prepare, but now it is prepared by Ziguan, Zheng, Bai, and Ma, a new work."

However, although Zhou Deqing was named by the four people, he did not order him to use the names of the four great masters.In terms of ranking, "Record Ghost Book" written by Yuan Dynasty Sicheng listed Guan Hanqing as the top writer of miscellaneous dramas.

Wang Guowei's "History of Song and Yuan Opera" in modern times said: Yuan Dynasty composers have been called Guan, Ma, Zheng, and Bai since the Ming Dynasty. However, based on their age and attainments, they are called Guan, Bai, Ma, and Zheng Tuo.Guan Hanqing leaned on the side in the sky, composing great poems by himself, and his words were full of human feelings, and his words were authentic, so he was the first person in Yuan Dynasty.

In addition, in the Ci written by Jia Zhongming and Ma Zhiyuan in the early Ming Dynasty, there are also the sayings of Gong Yu, Bai, Guan Lao and Qi Mei, and Yu refers to Yu Jifu.These statements show that the concept of the four masters of Yuanqu was formed gradually.

As for the common abbreviation of Guan Ma Zheng Bai today, its ranking is the most controversial, but the ranking of Ma Zheng Bai has always been controversial. [

According to a campus legend from Soochow University in Taiwan, the ranking of Guan Ma Zheng Bai actually means high and low, and the ranking is purely based on the level.Guan Hanqing's representative work "E Yuan", Bai Pu's representative work "Indus Rain", Ma Zhiyuan's representative work "Han Palace Autumn", Zheng Guangzu's representative work "A Chinese Girl Lie Hun".

Tianjingsha, Autumn Thoughts - Ma Zhiyuan.Tianjingsha is also known as "Sai Shang Qiu".

Withered old trees and crows, small bridges and flowing water, people on the ancient road, westerly wind and thin horses.Sunset, heartbroken people in the horizon.

Ma Zhiyuan's name is Qianli, and his name is Dongli.Most of his works are about immortals and Taoism, so they are called "horse immortals".

The lyrics are bold and unrestrained, and the achievements of Sanqu are especially admired by the world.There are more than one hundred Xiaolings in existence, with 23 sets.Among them, "Autumn Thoughts" is known as "one in ten thousand".

Yue tune: one of the palace tunes of Yuanqu.Tianjingsha: The name of Qupai, which is equivalent to Cipai in Song Ci.Qiu Si: The title of this song.

This song "Tianjing Shaqiusi" is called "the ancestor of Autumn Thoughts", and it is the most widely recited and praised work among Yuan operas.Dusk Crow: A crow at dusk.

It was late autumn.A wanderer far away from his hometown, riding a skinny horse, walked on a desolate ancient road in the bleak autumn wind.

There are already crows roosting at dusk on the entwined withered old trees.A stream flows under a small bridge, and there are people living on the opposite side of the bridge.

The sun is setting, the sky is getting dark, and the wind is getting cooler.The wanderer still has to ride a tired and thin horse, wandering around the world with bumps and bumps.Why doesn't this situation make him feel very sad!

Homesickness has been an eternal theme in poets' works since ancient times.But where is the wanderer in this song going?The wanderer was heartbroken, but he didn't express his homesickness.This is the difference between this song and other masterpieces of wandering homesickness!

In fact, the homesickness of people in the world is the reflection at the human level of the impulse to search for the origin of life in the depths of the soul.

The author likes to write immortal works, which just describe the specific process of people searching for the origin of life, and the author is also a seeker of the origin of life in his own real life.

The author is expressing his unremitting pursuit of the origin of life through extremely ingenious image thinking.

The author has the title of "Horse Immortal".It is expected that he lived up to his reputation. After resigning from the government and returning to seclusion, he finally found his real home, and he no longer needs to ride a scrawny horse and wander around the world in his return journey of life!

Xu Zaisi once wrote a song "Tianjingsha-Fisherman", which said: Forget about love, rain, hat and smoke, and sympathize with herdsmen and sing woodcutter songs.The bright moon and the clear wind are with me, three people, passing away from him to the present and the past.

Tang Wu also composed several tunes with the same name. His "Tianjingsha-Juzaxing" said: "People who are close to mountains and rivers, bring smoke and rain with mulberry and hemp, and serve as county clerks."One pear and two rakes, self-cultivation and self-cultivation. rs! .