I Ching vernacular full translation

Chapter 23

Biting hexagram, composed of lower shock and upper separation, the shape of the hexagram is "", which symbolizes "engagement", that is, "bite". The character "Che" means "bite", and the character "Ka" means "coitus". The combination of the two characters means "engagement" in the name of the hexagram.The upper hexagram "Li" is fire, and the upper hexagram "shock" is thunder: the strike of thunder and lightning is like the "engagement" of the upper and lower mouths of animals, which also means that there should be "thunder and lightning" in the punishment crime. .The general purpose of the whole hexagram is to use the "mesh" food in the mouth as an example to explain the meaning of "applying criminal law".

Biting: Heng.Use prison.

"彖" said: "There is something in the mouth, which is called eating and eating."Eat and eat and prosper.Rigidity and softness are separated, movement is clear, and thunder and lightning are combined to form a chapter.If you are soft and move upward, even if you are not in the position, you can "use the prison".

"Elephant" says: Thunder and lightning, eat and eat.The former king ordered the law with clear punishment.

The translation of the hexagram Biting and Kai symbolizes the bite: prosperity, which is conducive to law enforcement and jail break.

"Zhuan Zhuan" said: chewing with something in the mouth, so the hexagram is called "bite".Its hexagrams say: "Tongtai".The lower hexagram of this hexagram is earthquake, thunder and yang, and the upper hexagram is separation, electricity and yin, so it is said that hardness and softness complement each other, thunder and lightning combine, and the brilliance is brilliant.Yu people dare to act, but discern the opportunity.The six-two line is in the middle of the lower hexagram, and the six-five line is in the middle of the upper hexagram. The yin and soft position is appropriate and gradually rises. Although the six-three and six-five yin lines are in the yang position, there is no serious problem, so it is said to be "beneficial for law enforcement and prison break." .

"Xiang Zhuan" said: The lower hexagram of this hexagram is earthquake and thunder, the upper hexagram is separation and electricity, and the combination of thunder and lightning is the hexagram image of chewing.The ancient kings looked at this hexagram, took the law from the majestic thunder, illuminated the hidden electricity, and thought about governing with strictness, so as to clearly observe the punishment and amend the law.

Interpretation Lightning illuminates, thunder illuminates, and the two appear together. Powerful and clear, there is an image of punishment, so it symbolizes the hexagram.The ancient sage kings observed the hexagrams and lightning, and the appearance of thunder and majesty. They were powerful and observant. They realized that they should first distinguish the severity of punishment and rectify the pros and cons of laws and regulations, so that all parties can obey and the world will be united.

Ninth day of the ninth day: No blame for the toe being destroyed by the school.

"Xiang" said: "It's impossible to kill the toe by the school."

Translation on the ninth day of the ninth day: There is no harm on the feet with torture instruments covering the toes.

"Xiang Zhuan" said: If the toes are covered with torture tools on the feet, on the ninth day of the ninth day, you will not be able to make mistakes again.

Interpretation of the ninth day is the first line, which symbolizes the first violation of the criminal law, and the fault is still minor, so severe punishment is not necessary.On the ninth day of the ninth day, Yang Yao occupies the Yang position, violent and active, and has great ability, so he must be punished.The result of comprehensive consideration is to impose a lighter full sentence to warn him later and prevent him from continuing to develop and commit greater crimes.Doing so seems to be punishment, but it is actually salvation.In "Xi Ci Zhuan" quoted Confucius' explanation of this line, saying: "The villain is not ashamed or benevolent, not afraid of injustice, not persuading when he sees benefits, and not punishing if he is not powerful. Small punishments but big admonitions, the meaning of this villain Fu also."

Sixty-two: Chewing the skin and eliminating the nose, no blame.

"Elephant" says: Eat the skin and destroy the nose, and take advantage of the rigidity.

Translation [-]: There is nothing wrong with biting soft and tender meat, even covering your nose.

"Elephant Biography" says: Bite the soft and tender meat, and even cover your nose.It shows that Liu Er should ride on the strong and strong.

The interpretation of Liu Er is that the yin line is in the yin position and resides in the lower body, which symbolizes a submissive and upright law enforcer.Such people should not blindly use softness in interrogation and prison, but should prevent indecision, and pay attention to the depth of law enforcement, like biting soft tender meat, bite deeply at once, and even sink the nose into the meat.In short, for a person with personality like Liu Er, there is no harm in enforcing the law more strictly.As a law enforcement officer, Liu Er must make use of his strengths and avoid his weaknesses. While being patient and meticulous, he must seize the opportunity when necessary and be resolute and decisive in order to handle the case well.Blindly using gentleness to criminals is not enough. You must suppress his arrogance, ride on the tough criminals, enforce the law strictly, and use leniency and force to subdue the criminal, and then achieve the goal of reforming and saving him.

Six three: eat bacon, encounter poison.Small miserly, no blame.

"Xiang" said: When encountering poison, the position is improper.

Translation six three: eat bacon, poisoning.Got into trouble, but not very serious.

"Xiang Zhuan" said: Poisoning, because the Liusan yin line is in the yang position, and the elephant does not call it its position.

Interpretation of Liusan's position is improper, Yin occupies the Yang position, but is not in the middle. With a weak nature, he occupies the strong position of the law enforcement officer. Prisoners will also bully the weak and fear the hard, so they resist stubbornly, so it is inevitable that they will encounter some minor troubles.However, June [-]rd was inherited from September [-]th, and with the support of a strong boss, this piece of hard meat will eventually be bitten off. A little bit of poisoning is nothing more than minor discomfort and no major harm.Therefore, Yao Ci said that it is "small stinginess, no blame".

Ninth Four: Swallow the stems and get golden arrows.Li Jianzhen, Ji.

"Xiang" said: Li Difficult Zhen Ji, Wei Guang also.

例句书四：Eating a bone, found a metal arrowhead in the bone.Conducive to keeping upright in difficulties, auspicious.

"Xiang Zhuan" said: Although it is beneficial to keep upright in difficulties and get auspiciousness, the way of law enforcement and prison has not yet been developed.

Interpretation of the September [-]th Movement puts the yang at the yin, and it is out of place but not in the middle. It has such weaknesses in subjective and objective factors, so it encounters many difficulties in law enforcement and prison administration, which is very difficult.However, the advantages of the September [-]th Movement are also obvious. It has a masculine and upright character. With this character, it can persist in uprightness in difficult times, so the line is judged as "benefits and chastity, auspicious".Among the six lines, only this line is auspicious, which shows that the upright character of law enforcement officers is very valuable.

Sixth Five: Eat dried meat and get gold.Chastity, no blame.

"Xiang" says: Chaste and strict, without blame, and right.

Translation Six Five: Bite dry meat and get a grain of brass.Keeping the right way to avoid danger can avoid mistakes.

"Xiang Zhuan" said: Keeping upright and guarding against danger can be avoided, which shows that the behavior of the Sixth Five-Year Plan is appropriate.

Interpretation Although the Sixth Five-Year Plan occupies a high position, its character is weak and weak. It uses yin to dominate yang, and softness to take advantage of strength. When it comes to the trial of major cases that are reported to the king, it appears to be lacking in courage, just as difficult as chewing dried meat.When Liu Wu bit the dried meat, he accidentally bit out a piece of brass. This seemed to be the revelation of the gods, which made Liu Wu, who was in the predicament of prison management, understand. "Yellow" is the central color among the five colors, implying that Liuwu is in the middle position, and attention should be paid to carrying forward the middle way; "copper" is a hard metal, implying that Liuwu is in the middle of rigidity, and attention should be paid to firmness and decisiveness.In short, brass is a symbol of the virtue of rigidity, which requires Liuwu to use "rigidity" to overcome the "weakness" of Yin Yao's character, and use "moderation" to overcome the "improperness" of Yin as Yang.Only by adjusting one's behavior with such a spirit in the Sixth Five-Year Plan can one be able to guard against danger and avoid mistakes.

Last Nine: He Xiao Er, fierce.

"Xiang" said: "He Xiao extinguishes the ears, and the cleverness is unknown."

Translation Upper Nine: With a big flail on his shoulders, covering his ears, it is dangerous.

"Xiang Zhuan" said: There is a big yoke on his shoulders and his ears are covered, because he did not listen to dissuasion and violated the criminal law.

Interpreting the upper nine, Ju Gua is the ultimate, the crime has developed to the extreme, and the bite has also developed to the extreme. The crime is too serious to be explained, and the evil accumulation cannot be concealed. Severe punishment must be imposed.Shangjiu was severely punished by "He Xiao's ear-killing", and the blame lies with itself, because it is "unclear".It should be said "the ear is not deaf", why do you say "the ear is not clear"? "Smart but not clear" actually means that it is not deaf, can't hear other people's advice, has ears but doesn't play the role of ears.The "Book of Changes" and Confucius' legal thoughts reflected in the hexagrams.Confucius put forward the idea of ​​"clear punishment and edict law" in "Elephant", which shows that Confucius did not deny the role of punishment in governing the country.Although he advocated that "Tao should be based on morality, and uniformity should be based on propriety", he strongly advocated governing the country by virtue, and thought that "Tao should be based on government, and uniformity should be punished" is not a good way, and he even opposed the use of killing in politics, but he did not reject ruling the country at all. The necessity of punishment.Confucius' legal thought is very different from Legalism.Legalists only use laws and punishments, while Confucius emphasizes "clarifying punishments and imperial laws", requiring the rulers to make the laws and punishments public to the people, so that they know and fear them, so that they will not break the law and not be punished as much as possible. The key point of the phrase "clear punishment and imperial law" lies in the fact that the punishment is not in the Ming Dynasty, and the edict is not in the law.It should be said that the law of punishment and edict is included in Confucius' thought of rule of virtue and is a part of his thought of rule of virtue.

(End of this chapter)