100 must-read books for college students

Chapter 37 A Humanist's Tragic Ode
Chapter 36 A humanist's tragic carol: "Hamlet"

In the West, most people have two books, one is the "Bible", the other is "The Complete Works of Shakespeare", and "Ham

Wright is the best one in the whole collection.Many of the languages ​​in the book have become an integral part of the English language as a whole.exist
The status and influence of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" is also among the best in the world.Harbin Opera is firmly established on the stages of countries all over the world

occupies a leading position.

In many countries, "Hamlet" is admired even more than any of their own works.later great writers

, with few exceptions, spoke highly of him.Heine compares Hamlet to the "spiritual sun" shining on the English lands.
". The French writer Victor Hugo said that the creation of "Hamlet" is so extensive that it reaches the extremes of man and god, and his works show profound
Philosophy can provide people with "noble nourishment", and the brilliance of "Hamlet" will always shine on people.

soul.

"Hamlet" is the first foreign masterpiece introduced to China.The earliest translation of Shakespeare's works in my country was at the beginning of the 20th century

Among them, Yinbian Yanyu, translated by Lin Shu and Wei Yi in 1904, had a greater influence.

Renaissance Tragedy Classics Birth

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was born in Stratford-upon-Arwin in the middle of the British Isles.shakespeare lived in
In the Renaissance era, the feudal system and feudal culture established in 1000 years of warm and long years are being destroyed, and all life

Fields are changing.From about 1587 onwards, the theater began to innovate.A group of "university talents" mentioned drama as a

new heights. Shakespeare came to London around 1585 to catch up with the dramatic innovation.Where the requirement to produce giants did produce

During the Renaissance period of giants, the outstanding character and dramatic life enabled Shakespeare to find a rich source of creation.he
While working as a handyman, playing tricks, and occasionally playing the leading role, he persisted in self-study, and adapted and created scripts.his plays are
Deeply rooted in the real life of Tudor and Elizabethan England.

Shakespeare performed on stage for no less than 15 years in his life.During the 1590 years between 1612 and 20, he wrote a sonnet
A collection of poems, two long poems and 37 plays.

Around 1613, Shakespeare returned to his hometown. Died in 1616.

The tragedy "Hamlet" is based on the "History of Denmark" written by the Danish historian Saxo Gramatica at the end of the 12th century. "

Hamlet is Shakespeare's most representative tragedy, created in 1601.At the time of the British bourgeois revolution
On the eve of her death, at the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, the rural enclosure movement was still going on, and the life of urban civilians became more and more difficult.
The alliance between the class, the new aristocracy and the royal family gradually disintegrated, and various contradictions in British society became acute. "Hamlet" is
It was born under such a historical background.

Danish Prince Revenge Humanist Elegy

The content of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" is: Prince Hamlet of Denmark is studying at Wittenberg University in Germany.
Educated, he returned to Denmark due to the sudden death of his father.The new king was his uncle Claudius, and soon, the queen mother married the new king.

marriage.Pharaoh's ghost told Hamlet that he was poisoned by Claudius, and Hamlet decided to take revenge.
It is not only a human problem, but also a problem of the whole society and the country.In order to cover himself, he began to pretend to be sick and stupid.Claudius doubts

He already knew the inside story and used his two old classmates and his lover to test him.Hamlet by adapting a murder brother

The long drama "The Death of Gongzagu" was performed in the palace to test his uncle, and Claudius withdrew in a hurry.Minister of the Household Polonius ie
Hamlet's lover Ophelia's father offered advice to the new king, went behind the curtain to eavesdrop on the conversation between the queen mother and the prince, Hamlet
He thought it was the new king, and stabbed him to death with a sword.Claudius sent Hamlet and his two classmates to England to ask for tribute

King of England
Kill Hamlet.Hamlet discovers the conspiracy, exchanges secret letters, and escapes back.Only after I came back did I find out that Ophelia, because of her father

Killed by his lover, who went to another country and went mad, fell into the water and died.Claudius provokes Laertes, son of Polonius, to join Ha

Mlet competed with swords, and set two murderous intentions of poisoned sword and poisoned wine. As a result, both Hamlet and Laertes were hit by poisoned swords, and the queen drank
Claudius was stabbed to death with poisoned wine.Before he died, Hamlet entrusted his friend Horatio to spread his wish.

Analyzing Hamlet's life, he has a good view of "people", friendship, love, political power, and the country
He has a whole set of humanistic viewpoints, but his ideals are mocked by cruel reality.

this is humanities
The tragedy of the activists.Hamlet's death won the moral victory over autocracy, leaving the audience with humanism
A tragic song of struggle.

Shakespeare poured out his own thoughts and experiences, and those of all humanists, on Hamlet

, making it an advanced art model of the times.

In "Hamlet", the dramatic conflict between Hamlet and his uncle Claudius forms the overall dramatic suspense from the very beginning, firmly
It firmly grasps the audience and makes the audience enjoy the art in anticipation, until the end of the play, they leave with a tragic and noble aesthetic feeling.
theater.

It is safe to say that there would be no Hamlet without Hamlet's delay.Hamlet's delay despite the
There were brief moments of discouragement, but he did not give up the struggle against all evils.He gradually deepened in depression

Knowing life, and truly grasping the social status quo in the process of delay.Conversely, it was the knowledge of life that brought him
The melancholy with the characteristics of the times, it is precisely grasping the status quo of the disparity between the enemy and ourselves that brought him delay in action.we do not
It can demonstrate the degeneration of Hamlet's thoughts from melancholy and delay, on the contrary, this is the prince of Denmark from wish to practice, from disbelief
It is a huge leap in thinking from understanding society to understanding social contradictions.His melancholic, procrastinating phases are not entirely absent.
Action, but this action has not yet achieved the goal.When he noticed that Claudius had pricked up his alert ears, intent on prying at his
When he had real thoughts, he timely and wisely used pretending to be crazy to cover up the truth and confuse the other party, so as to preserve his life and study countermeasures.

.He pierced the curtain with his sword, and wanted to end Claudius, but killed Polonius by mistake.He figured out Daraudis sent him to England to study
He plotted against him, changed the secret letter, and let the two old friends who betrayed their friendship and voluntarily acted as lackeys of the king die.wait until he sees norway
When [-] soldiers saw death as their home, his determination to act became stronger.

Hamlet's delay in killing Claudius objectively provides Claudius with the time and opportunity to continue doing evil.he
The delay paid too high a price, and finally fell into the enemy's trap and died unfortunately.Although he killed the treacherous king, but to restore the world
The wish did not come true.

We can analyze Hamlet's tragedy in many ways, but the main thing is that he broke away from the masses.the crowd loves him

Yes, support him.It was this, not his own power, that Claudius feared most.But Hamlet is like Quixote
Like Germany, they want to conquer the world single-handedly, but they don't know how to rely on the masses to win victory.This generally reflects the humanist
Idealist heroic view of history.Therefore, the tragedy of Hamlet is also the tragedy of humanists.In addition, from the perspective of historical conditions
However, the time for the emerging bourgeoisie to overthrow the feudal rule has not yet matured, so the tragedy of Hamlet is also a historical necessity.
The tragedy of the request and the fact that this request cannot be fulfilled.

Claudius is the antagonist in the main conflict of the play, the representative of Shakespeare's evil.He "corrupted morals, murderous and greedy
", insidious and cunning, and good at playing double-dealers. He cares for Hamlet on the surface like a father, but in his heart he hides
Vicious killing intent.The purpose of sending Hamlet to study in England is to get rid of the evil in his heart by the hand of the King of England;
Hamlet competes with swords and puts poison on the sword in order to kill Hamlet by other people's hands.

He was also hit by the poisonous sword, so the ending can naturally be concluded.

Unprecedented drama swan song

Shakespeare is the most influential writer in the European Renaissance. Marx called him the same as Aeschylus of ancient Greece in the world.
Two of the greatest dramatic talents in the world.

Shakespeare's tragedies are not sad dramas, but tragic dramas.According to Shakespeare, all contradictions are

Caused by the conflict between good and evil, the conflict between good and evil destroys the orderly society and causes death, the wicked are punished, and the good will also be here

sacrifices are made in this conflict, but the moral victory always goes to the noble protagonists. "Hamlet" is no exception

.

The combination of tragedy and comedy is a characteristic of Shakespeare's plays.His mature comedies all have tragic elements;
Tragedy has comedic elements.In the tragedy "Hamlet", the self-disclosure of Polonius' selfish philosophy of life and his

The nonsense, Hamlet's madness and some of his clever puns are also comical.More than that, Shakespeare also

Greatness and smallness, fantasy and reality, past and present are mixed in the play to form a structural expansiveness.

"Hamlet" is the giant of the Renaissance——the highest achievement of Shakespeare's drama creation, and it is a masterpiece in the study of Shakespeare.

maximum

topic.Because of the profundity of its tragedy, the complexity of Hamlet's character, the high generality of human life, and the tragic
For 400 years, the richness and perfection of art and language art have been shaking the hearts of readers from all over the world.generation after generation

Scholars study it and even devote their whole lives to it; generation after generation of poets and writers worship it and regard it as art

Creation model and basis.There are 20000 indexed articles and monographs on the critical study of Hamlet alone

as much.Belinsky justly called Hamlet "the brightest golden crown" on the splendid crown of the king of dramatic poets.
"Diamond". According to the statistics of UNESCO, "Hamlet" is the most popular play in the world today.
Only between 1979 and 1985, 92 editions were published.

(End of this chapter)