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Chapter 57 A Classic Praise of Labor

Chapter 56 The classic work in praise of labor: "On the Industrial System"

"On the Industrial System" not only inherited the excellent achievements of utopian socialism since the 16th century, but also under the new historical conditions
, Push the thought of utopian socialism to a new and higher stage.In this book, the author tries to demonstrate that human society

A progressive movement that progressed regularly from stage to stage, he profoundly exposed the capitalist system as a process of
The series of disastrous consequences brought about by the transitional system, put forward the need to end this upside-down world and replace it with the industrial system

degrees instead of it.In his speculation and description of the future society, he put forward a series of outstanding insights.These ideas have long dominated
The idea of ​​socialism in the 19th century, the labor movement in Britain, France, and Germany has long believed in the ideas contained in this book

The theoretical point of view put forward, Saint-Simon's doctrine was also developed by his students into Saint-Simonism, which existed in the 19th century

a long time.

Practice writing books for half a lifetime

Claude Henri Saint-Simon (1760-1825) was a great French utopian socialist thinker in the early 19th century.he at

17
Born in an aristocratic family in Paris on October 60, 10, he received a good education since childhood. Some famous scholars at that time, including
D'Alembert, the Enlightenment thinker "Encyclopedia", had been his tutor.Under the influence of the teacher, he began to doubt

And critical religious theology, enthusiastic about natural science and materialist philosophy.

In 1777, at the age of 17, Saint-Simon served in the army according to the traditions of the French nobility. In 1779, he went to North America to participate in the

Colonial War of Independence.

After the War of Independence, Saint-Simon began his practice of "improving human civilization". In 1783, he presented the Mexican General

In 1785, he went to the Netherlands to encourage the Netherlands to join the French expedition to the British colony.
In 1787, he proposed to the Spanish government a plan to turn the capital Madrid into a port by digging a canal.West
The Spanish government adopted the plan and implemented it immediately.While Saint-Simon was showing his talents in Spain, the French who shocked the world
The Great Revolution broke out.He immediately left his career in Spain and returned to his homeland.

In the autumn of 1789, Saint-Simon returned to his hometown of Pigaldi, and immediately devoted himself to the revolutionary activities in his hometown.After a while, because he could not
Tolerate violence and vandalism in revolutions.He withdrew from the revolution and strongly opposed revolutionary violence.

In 1797, Saint-Simon began to engage in scientific research.

Starting from the investigation of the current situation and history of human knowledge, he earnestly studied various scientific knowledge including natural science and social science.

He also traveled to England, Switzerland and Germany to understand the state of the scientific community, and these activities contributed to the formation and development of Saint-Simon's thought.
is of great significance.Marx and Engels believed that this period was "one of the most important periods in the life of Saint-Simon".

. "

After long-term study, thinking, knowledge accumulation and practice, around 1802, Saint-Simon's thoughts gradually matured, and he wrote books
The preparatory work is basically completed.After that, Saint-Simon worked tirelessly and wrote vigorously. In 1821, Saint-Simon's book "On Industry"
System", from 1823 to 1824, "Questions and Answers of Industrialists", and "On Literature, Philosophy, and Industry" in 1825.arrive
Until his death in 1825, he published a series of important works, the ideas expressed in these works left a mark on the history of human thought.

An indelible imprint.Saint-Simon wrote the book under the extremely difficult circumstances of life.Since writing his debut novel, he has consumed

Exhausted all possessions.In order to make a living, he worked as a copyist during the day and wrote all night at night.in the most difficult times

In winter, he has no money to buy coal to make a fire, and his diet is only bread and boiling water. Except for a few thin clothes on his body, all other clothes are
sold off.However, all of this did not shake the strong will of Saint-Simon.

A series of works have erected monuments in front of the world.

The ideas expressed in a series of works of Saint-Simon are extremely rich, in which Saint-Simon expounds his view of nature, epistemology and

methodology, his socio-historical views, and his critique of the capitalist system, etc., and expressed a series of
Very valuable thought.For example, the development of nature and human society is regular; in the field of social history, development is a

The process of progress and ascent; the impetus for development is the result of new forces overcoming aging forces; the reason for the transformation of social systems is the result of all
With the change of ownership, class relations will also change with the change of ownership, and so on.However, in the above-mentioned works, the most cited

What is striking is Saint-Simon's description of the "industrial system". The "industrial system" is the ideal society conceived by him for many years
.

Ideal Kingdom Industrial System

In the book "On the Industrial System", Saint-Simon, on the basis of criticizing capitalism, discussed the industrialism as an ideal society.
The basic connotation and organizational form of the system.Saint-Simon sees the capitalist system as a new form of slavery, the capitalist system
The latter are a group of real vampires, in this sinful capitalist world, full of ruthless egoism everywhere, so

However, capitalism is by no means an eternal rational kingdom, but a transitional state in history, which is bound to

The ideal social state is the transition of the industrial system.So, what is the industrial system?It is the ideal designed by Saint-Simon for man

and the blueprint for the kingdom of eternal justice.The so-called industrial system refers to the transfer of the power to manage public welfare undertakings from old and new aristocrats, soldiers and
taken from the hands of politicians and transferred to a social system led by industrialists and academics; that is, the rise of industrialists and academics to the ruling class

Classes are social institutions that hold economic, political, and cultural aspects of society.The industrialist should therefore be in the industrial system

According to the primacy, and other classes must obey it, because the industrial class is the most important class in society, they occupy the country
the vast majority of the people and enjoy great advantages in material resources; they are the producers of material wealth and provide

Members provide various material resources and possess the greatest financial resources of the whole society; they promote the development of society by their own plans.
The tranquility and prosperity of the country, thus showing that they are intellectually superior to other classes; they also have the ability to manage the national wealth.
society as a whole placed great hopes in the management of finances by the industrial class.In other words, only the industrial class

Have all the necessary capabilities and means to transform the capitalist system and bring all mankind into a beautiful "golden age".

According to Saint-Simon, scholars and artists, like industrialists, are "the real backbone of the nation" and they use their creativity

Labor has promoted the improvement of the scientific and cultural level of the entire nation and made positive contributions to mankind.Therefore, in the "industrial system
In "degree", scholars and artists also occupy an extremely important position.

First Saint-Simon stipulated that "satisfying the needs of the people" was the sole and fixed goal of the industrial system, and later he further stipulated
It was established that the satisfaction of the needs of the people is the satisfaction of the needs of the people, and the people are the proletarians and workers employed by the manufacturers and merchants
Agricultural production of farmers.Secondly, in the industrial system, the rulers are no longer the old nobles, soldiers and politicians, but industrialists and
scholar.Thirdly, all work of the industrial system must act in accordance with a "common purpose of collaboration", with clear and organized
A very reasonable work plan, an organized division of labor, so that organized and planned division of labor can replace the anarchy of production
state.Fourth, the industrial system will eliminate the phenomenon of man oppressing man.Social power will change from political domination over people to over things and production

Process management.The functions of state organs will be transformed into mainly organizing social production.Fifth, the relationship between people under the industrial system

The relationship between is the most equal relationship. "Everyone must work", and the society will protect citizens' labor rights.abolish all special
A person's social status does not depend on his origin, but on his talent.An individual's income and his talents and contributions

Dedicated in proportion.Sixth, the industrial system does not abolish private ownership, classes still exist, the profits of business owners are kept, and there are still poor people.
The difference between a rich man and a rich man.Unlike the old system, the rich man worked with his brain and the poor supported him, otherwise he was forced to work with his hands

do.In terms of distribution, not only according to work, but also according to capital.Seventh, the industrial system is based on Christianity's "everyone should be equal"

Based on the moral principle of "waiting", we oppose class struggle and use the power of morality and omnipotent public opinion to transform society.

The industrial system of Saint-Simon was hardly socialist in so far as it preserved private property, class, and the interests of the entrepreneur.

Run and so on.Therefore, Engels said: "In Saint-Simon, in addition to the proletarian tendency, the bourgeois tendency also has a certain influence.
ring. "However, there are still many socialist elements in the industrial system envisaged by Saint-Simon.

The materialist factors in the book played an extremely important role in the formation of the materialist view of history.

Saint-Simon's "On the Industrial System" is an outstanding classic document of utopian socialism and communism, and an important part of the history of socialist thought.

It marks a new stage in the development of utopian socialism and has a great influence on the emergence of scientific socialism.

ring.

Saint-Simon's theory of utopian socialism became one of the direct theoretical sources of scientific socialism.Marx and Engels in
In the process of creating scientific socialism, a series of excellent ideas put forward by Saint-Simon in this book have been absorbed and used for reference.

Ideas, such as human freedom and equality, planned development of production, labor is the fundamental need of life, etc.marx, um
Gus has repeatedly pointed out that their ideas of scientific socialism are the development of utopian socialism in Britain and France, especially
The theories of utopian socialist thinkers such as Saint-Simon are their direct theoretical sources.Of course, the science of Marx and Engels

Socialist theory is based on historical materialism, on the revolutionary movement of the proletariat, and

There is a fundamental difference in thinking about socialism.

(End of this chapter)