Qing Dynasty Secret History

Chapter 124 Zhang Shangshu Opposed to the New Palace System Nanchang Ordered His Death to the Catholic Church
It is said that Prince Qing Yikuang and others submitted the approval of the new official system of the Beijing Dynasty, and within a few days, they received two edicts.The first is to show the official system. Compared with the original proposal, it has changed a lot.The most important cabinet actually acted as a ban.The sequence has also moved greatly.When the courtiers saw it, they were all surprised by the strange thing.I saw that the text of the imperial edict was: I admire the decree of Empress Dowager Chongxi in honor of Cixi Duanyou Kangyi Zhaoyu Zhuang Chengshou Gongqin. The previous decree was issued to declare the preparations for the establishment of a constitution. It was finalized; and Prince Qing Yikuang and other general directors were sent to review and approve, waiting for the order to be implemented.

It is hereby said that the king and ministers will compile the original case in detail, review and draft it, and write a single instrument together.After reading, weigh the options, and understand the decree.Looking up to the sages and constitutions, the law is good and the meaning is beautiful, and the establishment of officials and divisions is all based on the current situation.The situation in the past and the present is different, so we should be flexible and make the best use of its gist, but we are only responsible for clearing up the accumulated disadvantages, seeking facts, eliminating superficiality, and expecting to achieve great achievements in all kinds of work.The Military Aircraft Department is the administrative general assembly. During the Yongzheng period, it was originally set up by the cabinet, whichever was closer to the inner court. It was entered on a daily basis to carry out tasks, and it was relatively fast. It has been passed down to the present, and there is no defect. Since then, there is no need to change it. The Cabinet Military Aircraft Department is all in place. , as usual.All the ministers of its ministries are written as ministers of government affairs, and the auxiliary class is on duty.Listen to the call.Both the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Officials remain as usual.The patrol police is one of the civil affairs departments, and the work was changed to the Ministry of Civil Affairs.The Household Department was changed to the Du Branch, which was merged into the Finance Department.According to the Ministry of Rites, the three temples of Taichang, Guanglu and Honglu were incorporated.The Faculty is still there.The Ministry of War was changed to the Ministry of the Army, and the Military Training Office and Taipu Temple were merged into it. The Ministry of the Navy and the Military Advisory Office, which should be established, were temporarily under the Ministry of the Army before they were established.

The work of the Ministry of Punishment was changed to the Ministry of Law, responsible for the judiciary.The work of Dali Temple was changed to Dali Yuan, which was in charge of trial.

Worked by the Ministry of Industry and merged into the Ministry of Commerce.Renamed to the Ministry of Agriculture and Industry.Special departments should be set up for ships, railways, electric wires, and postal services, known as the Ministry of Postal Communications.The work of Lifan Academy was changed to Lifan Department.Except for the lack of officials in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the officials in each ministry have one minister and two servants, regardless of Manchu and Han.The Metropolitan Procuratorate is accusing Chen Que of failing, and the justice is delayed, so it is changed to one member of the capital censor and two deputy capital censors.In the six subjects, the writing was changed to giving the matter, and the shortage of all the members of the censor remained the same for the time being.For those who should be added, the Zizhengyuan is to collect opinions from others, and the Audit Court is to verify funds, and they are all set up in order.The rest of the ancestral mansion, the cabinet, the Hanlin Academy, the Qintian Supervisor, the Luan Yiwei, the House of Internal Affairs, the Imperial Hospital, the yamen of the infantry commanding the guards of the banner battalions, and the yamen of the warehouses of Shuntian Prefecture do not need to be changed.It was originally planned that the duties of the ministries, courts and other yamen, as well as the lack of staff and divisions, should still be reviewed by the officials of the halls, carefully planned, and dealt with in conjunction with the Minister of Military Affairs.This consideration of profit and loss was originally the foundation of the constitution and the implementation of preparations.If there is something that is not suitable, still observe the situation carefully, modify it at any time, and proceed step by step to achieve perfection.In short, the current situation is difficult and the situation is urgent. It is not enough to cause decline unless the law is followed by the upper and lower levels; it is not enough to cause suffering without the unity of the monarch and the people.All the ministers of the new and original factions are duty-bound, but as the name suggests, they should work together, avoid partiality, and work hard.Make sure that there is no lack of aspirations, and that everything is done.The constitution will be promulgated in a few days, and the results can be expected.If it is still regarded as a formal document, and the follow-up is not vigorous, it will be the responsibility of the imperial court above and the people of the people below, and it cannot be lenient for you.This is it.

The second edict is to ask the Minister of Compilation of the Official System to compile the official system of each province, and pay special attention to the prefectural and county officials.The text of the last edict is: I have honored Empress Dowager Chongxi's decree from Cixi Duanyou Kangyi Zhaoyuzhuang Chengshou respectfully and respectfully. This time the official system was determined in detail according to the king's ministers and other ministers.The bureaucratic systems of each province are edited and edited one after another, and they are still properly approved and played.Today's heavy poverty is due to the fact that the general government has not been repaired, and the officials of the prefectures and counties who are close to the people are often separated.All things are abolished, Lu Yan benefits the disease, and is indifferent.Even officials, relatives and friends, wantonly invaded and bullied.Mending's book is poor, and it is taken from fish.Is the law and order not bad?Where does the public atmosphere come from?Thinking of this, I deeply hate it!The official system should be reformed here, and the relationship between the officials of the prefecture and county is especially important.Now the national qualifications are not yet available, and local self-government is difficult to apply for a while.How should the discretion be handled?
Prepare in advance, or add vacancies for assistants, and examine and approve the authority to handle affairs, strictly prevent abuses, and communicate with subordinates.It will be discussed with the governor of the Ministry of Commerce.We must consider and do our best, and wait for the order to be followed.The imperial court set up officials and divisions, all for the people.The general period is to promote education, to live in peace and contentment.

The concubine spreads the harmony of the people and maintains the state, uses the deputy to protect the group, and strives to govern!This is it.

The cabinet bureaucracy was suddenly overthrown, and ministers and workers, big and small, were all surprised.Those who care the most are the editorial ministers.At that moment Zhang Baixi went to see Grandpa Ze and talked about this matter, very angry.Zhang Baixi said: "The spirit of the new official system is all in the cabinet.

If the cabinet is not established, the officials next to you, if you change him a hundred times, it will be useless.Think about it, my lord, although the current military aircraft is called the government, it is actually just like the general's battalion office.Therefore, when an unworthy person becomes an official, it is more than enough to gain power and grow goods;In terms of his achievements, he is not as good as the former six ministers of the Ming Dynasty, but he can achieve his own ambition.It just happens to be like this now, let's investigate, edit, and reform, all of which are just doing lively things, but it makes people happy for a while. "

Zai Ze said: "This matter is so strange! When I was summoned a while ago, I was not mentioned a single word about the change, and even rewarded me with a lot of words. Why did it change in the end? Who made the trick, you have to be careful. Investigate him, investigate."

Originally from the official system compiled by the Ming Dynasty, the political circles in the capital suddenly panicked.That group of idle Cao Lengshu knew that they would be eliminated, but it was nothing more than that.The only thing that needs to be lacking is that there are a few fat-brained cadres who are passionate about wealth and wealth. They are afraid that if the power falls, they will lose their feet, so they use their sensitive wrists to exercise with all their strength.For some reason, he actually followed the path of a high-level Taoist priest, and the high-level Taoist priest turned to Sigege.Si Gege is the Empress Dowager's favorite person, and five or seven out of ten sentences are believed.So in the deep palace, I made a knee and made a secret report, with Manager Li next to me trying my best to help.The empress dowager didn't like the New Deal very much at first, but because of the current situation, she couldn't hinder the request of the ministers, so she just wanted to make a constitutional face.That's why there is this official system that considers the old and the new.How would Zai Ze and others know?
After several days of investigation, where is there a trace? !I had no choice but to put aside my hands for the time being and compile the official system of other provinces.After several meetings, two solutions were decided.Because foreign officials are no better than Jingcao, everything has a close relationship with the governor, so first the outline, the governor of e-commerce.Roughly speaking: the duty of being close to the people has been the most important in ancient and modern China and abroad.Our dynasty inherited the Ming system, with many officials in charge of officials and few officials in charge of civilians. Above the prefecture and county level, the government, roads, and courts have been established at various levels.However, with one person in the prefecture and county, all the affairs of the local area are collected by himself, and there is no Cao as his assistant, so he goes to fake hands, entrusts power to subordinate servants, and bad officials govern and cause disasters, all because of this.Now it is planned to imitate the grading system of counties in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the places are divided into three classes, the first class is called the prefecture, the second class is called the prefecture, and the third class is called the county.Now there is a magistrate to explain the prefectures and counties to which it belongs, and to govern the affairs of Fuguo County. It is still called the magistrate, from the fourth rank.It was originally set up as the first county, and it was cut down.Zhili Prefecture Zhizhou, Zhili Office Fumin Tongzhi, regardless of the county, and Sanzhou Zhizhou are collectively referred to as Zhizhou, which is the fifth grade.Zhili Office Fumin Tongju and magistrates are collectively referred to as magistrates, from the fifth grade.Each prefecture and county has a sixth-rank to ninth-rank official, who are in charge of wealth, police, education, prisons, agriculture, industry and commerce, and general affairs, all in one office.Separately set up a local trial hall with judges to accept lawsuits; and in each sub-district of the prefecture and county, each district has a bureau with judges to accept detailed lawsuits.Those who refuse to accept will be charged in the local court.Each prefecture and county has its own council, with members elected by the people, to discuss matters that should be done by the prefecture and county. It also has a board of directors, whose members are elected by the people, and assist local officials in handling matters resolved by the council.Once prefectural and county councils and boards of directors are established, then promote the establishment of municipal councils, boards of directors, township chiefs and other self-governing organs.All of the above are under the supervision of local officials, and they are still stationed in various patrols to supervise the prefectures and counties.It is advisable to observe the situation, and according to the local Guangshan, the number of counties, increase or decrease as appropriate, and separate Cao Zuo, and the governors of each province will implement it at their discretion.As far as the officials of the provincial and city courts are concerned, there are currently two approaches planned.In imitation of the general government offices on all sides of the country, there are separate departments for households, rituals, soldiers, criminals, and labor, and various methods for food and payment.The Heyuan Division is in charge of a province, and it is called the Provincial Yamen, which supervises the government affairs of the Prime Minister's Yamen, which is slightly like the ministers of various ministries.The second division of the fan and standard is slightly like the ministers of the ministries.Under it, consider the official system of the Ministry of Beijing, merge the bureaus of the Ministry of Justice outside the vassal, and set up separate divisions to set up officials, just like the counselors.The following are divided into various cao, and the fifth to ninth rank officials are divided into palms.Every day, the governors and governors belong to the same officials, and they enter the office on a regular basis. If it is a matter of urgency, it can be decided and implemented; if it is difficult, it can also be discussed carefully.The official documents of each prefecture and county go directly to the province, and from the province to the prefecture and county.Each province has its own high-level trial hall, and judges are assigned to accept the above-mentioned cases.Administrative justice, each has a full-time job.The document box is well-organized, and it is most similar to the official system of a constitutional state.It is the first-level method; the second is to use the governor to manage foreign affairs, military affairs, and supervise all administration and justice.The chief envoy is in charge of civil affairs and concurrently in charge of agriculture, industry and commerce.The inspectors are in charge of judicial administration and supervise the high court.There is also a financial department, which is in charge of finance and transportation affairs.The ranking inspects the transportation department, and all of them set up subordinate officials at their discretion to assist in everything.In addition, the school supervisor, Liangguan Hesi, is still in the system.The above-mentioned directors are all in charge of affairs, reported to the governor to handle, and supervise the bureaus to clear the permission rights with special responsibilities.This is the second layer method.

Less than a month after this telegram went, the governors came back one after another. Cen Chunxuan, governor of Yunnan, Enshou, Fu of Jin, Zhao Erxun, general of Fengtian, Cen Chunxuan, governor of Hunan, Liankui, governor of Jiangxi, and governor of Gansu, advocated the first-level method. Wu Chongxi, Heilongjiang general Cheng Dequan, Jilin general Dagui.Those who advocated the second approach were Qin Fu Cao Hongxun, Sichuan Governor Xiliang, Su Fu Chen Kuilong, and Qian Fu Pang Hongshu.According to the difference between the first and the second, Lin Shaonian, governor of Guizhou, Zhou Fu, governor of Guangdong, Xinglu, governor of Guizhou, Yang Shixiang, governor of Lu, Enming, governor of Anhui, Zhang Zengyang, governor of Zhejiang, Zhang Renjun, governor of Bian, governor Chong of Fujian Good, newly appointed Fujian Governor Ding Zhenyi.The whole bank opposed Shengyun, the governor of Shaanxi, and Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Hubei.The Minister of Compilation couldn't help being surprised when he saw that Zhang Zhidong, the governor of E, also opposed it.Xia Ze said: "Look, Zhang Zhidong has come to oppose us. It's really strange. I don't blame others for opposing us. Xiang Tao has a great reputation as a pioneer and advocates a new policy on weekdays. The purpose of compiling the official system now is to Preparing the foundation for the establishment of a constitution, and turning the country from weak to strong, are all related to this one matter, how important it is, and he is opposed to it again!"

Ge Baohua said: "Shangshu Nanpi's temper has always been arrogance, or maybe he was not assigned to him for this compilation, and he might be particularly angry."

Lu Runxiang said: "Xiang Tao's temper is eccentric, besides, he has an original opinion with the government, so he naturally disapproves of the new system."

Zai Ze asked, "What is Xiang Tao's opinion with the government?"

Lu Runxiang said, "It's about the lesson plan in Nanchang in April."

It turned out that a priest named Wang Anzhi from the French Catholic Church in Nanchang, Jiangxi, negotiated with Jiang Zhaotang, the magistrate of Nanchang County, over a teaching case. They had many meetings, but failed to reach the point.On the 29th of the first lunar month of this year, Jiang Zhixian was invited to the Catholic Church to discuss matters.

Wang Anzhi thought he was a Frenchman, the law was strong and the country was weak, so he threatened everything.However, the magistrate of Jiang County is also a strong order, and he refuses to give up even a single step, and opinions are greatly divided.For some reason, the two sides argued, and the magistrate's throat was seriously injured, and when he was carried back to the county office, the bleeding continued, and the treatment was ineffective, and he died of the injury.The people of Nanchang were greatly indignant, and they all said that priest Wang killed Jiangzhi County with his own hands, and they all fought together to destroy a solemn Catholic Church into rubble.That priest, Wang Anzhi, only punched his fists finely, and he was beaten to pieces long ago.When the French consul learned of this, he immediately telegraphed the French envoy stationed in Beijing.The law enables Li to negotiate with the outside world.

When the imperial court was heard from the outside world, Tianyan was furious, and decreed that Hu Tinggan, the governor of Jiangxi, should be dismissed first, and Liang Dunyan, together with the staff of the Legal Envoy Office, would be sent to Jiangxi to investigate and deal with it.On the one hand, he called Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei Province, for his opinions on the case, and asked him to send personnel nearby to investigate and deal with it.At that time, Zhang Shangshu sent a secret telegram to the government saying: "To check Jiangling's fatal injury, according to the county's own witnesses, the order wrote several papers, all of which said that Wang Anzhi ordered him to kill himself, and then two people stabbed his throat twice with knives and scissors." Inferior love.Now I asked Jiang Ling's family for a piece of Jiang Ling's handwriting. The text said, "Force me to kill myself. I'm afraid I won't die of pain. There are three of them, two wrists, and one cut twice on the neck."

All big characters.There are also small words: "It hurts twice, and then I know that it will be cut twice, and I want to die without proof" and other words.The meaning is the same before and after.According to the examination by Chinese doctors, they all confessed to the "Record of Washing Injustice", and they were indeed killed by someone, not self-inflicted.According to the American medical certificate: "The neat wound is in the throat, near the Adam's apple. Another injury, the wound is uneven, and the front of the Adam's apple has been separated from it."

It also said: "The neat horizontal wounds are cut with sharp tools, and the rest of the wounds are not cut with sharp tools."

You also said: "For the first injury, the force is light, and for the second injury, the force is heavy" and so on.This is evidence that after killing himself with a knife, he was stabbed with scissors.why?Scissors are good for stabbing, not good for cutting, so the wounds are uneven.Self-defeating is light because it is powerful, and poking is heavy because it is powerful.A judge's medical Fugeng with a drawing and affidavit said: "The wound is tied in the middle of the neck, above the core of the throat. It is flat and about three inches wide. It is undoubtedly cut with a sharp instrument."It also said: "there is a second wound, which is straight, vertical and horizontal with the first wound, and it is also cut with a sharp tool, and this mouth can also be pointed at by a guest" and so on.This is the evidence of being cut after the knife wound.

He also said: "As for whether the two injuries are at the same time, although they are not at the same time, they are not separated by a long time."

This is a direct injury, and it is obviously the evidence of what he suffered in the church.Both foreign doctors say that there are two injuries, one is a transverse injury, and the other is a continuous injury, but American doctors say that the direct injury is more serious.Both the horizontal and vertical wounds, and the subsequent serious injuries, Jiang Lingshi died of meritorious service, not from suicide, so there is indeed evidence.Even before, there was a suicide injury, which was also caused by Wang Anzhi's threat.But at that time, Jiang Ling's servants were all blocked by the church and were not allowed to enter the tea room. No outsiders knew how to add meritorious service and how to intimidate him.At this time, if you want to find witnesses, you must ask Liu Zongyao, the sexton of the church, Ai Laosan, the helper, and Hu Sici, the servant, to propose an interrogation.Moreover, Jiang Ling was injured in Liu Zongyao's room. His handwriting not only stated that there were three people in him, two handle bowls, but also repeatedly mentioned Mr. Liu, which is especially important evidence in Liu Zongyao's case.Yesterday, I asked Gan Fu to send a telegram to Bishop Dao Shang Zhilang of Daxun to send the three of them to Nanchang for interrogation, and to protect them and never torture them.Bishop Lang didn't dare to hand over his intentions, but he was really puzzled.The wound is based on the medical officer, and the case is based on the witness. The foreign doctor judged that there were two injuries, and the later injury was more serious, but who did the later injury, and what caused the previous injury. How can the case be settled without evidence?The judge's medical examination certificate was handed over by the French counselor before his departure, so Liu, Ai, and Hu went to the province on the same day and could not ask in detail.Now that we have the judge's medical certificate, we should pass on the evidence of the case.

About the Jiangxi religious people all said that they killed themselves, and the common people said they were killed. However, after interviewing the British and American priests in Jiangxi, most of them blamed Wang Anzhi, which shows that justice lies in people.The legal person wants to protect the reputation of the church, so he strives for this section with all his strength.It's about negotiation, so it's hard to get to the bottom of it. However, the country's system is at stake, and people's hearts are at stake. He never admits to adding meritorious service.As for the intimidating plot, it is absolutely impossible to obliterate it. ’ Or it can be said that Jiang Ling was wounded and could not die, because after the church was burned down, someone forced him to die, which is especially slanderous by the scoundrels.Zha Jiangling has excellent talent and the best official reputation. His Xinchang teaching case saved the life of a county and brought disaster to order. His merits are not correct. This time he was killed because he fought for the people. Although he was seriously injured and painful, his handwriting was earnest. To save the people and protect the people.

After Jiang Ling's death, the scholars and people in Jiangxi were in grief and indignation.People from Xinchang and Shanggao counties came to the province to mourn and mourn, and there were more than tens of thousands of people?In a legal person who is strong and paranoid, it is inevitable that it will be difficult to handle, but no matter how it is negotiated, Jiang Ling cannot be blamed.Although it cannot be blamed on outsiders, it can still be publicized in China, so that in the future, Jiang Lingzuo can ask for a gift ceremony to encourage good officials who love the people and sacrifice their lives.The common people are enough to preserve the state and obey the hearts of the people, and they will be more difficult to protect in the future.The secret telegram is on Chen, please play on behalf of me.

In Zhang Shangshu's opinion, this matter is not my own, and it will not be very disadvantageous.Unexpectedly, the negotiations ended, and a large amount of money was spent on compensation for pensions.The Sino-French new agreement on the aftermath of the Nanchang teaching case, on the side of the French priests, even half of the typos are not delayed.The text is: In order to establish a contract, the government of the Great France and the Qing Dynasty are willing to conclude this case fairly, in the hope that the friendship between the two countries will become softer and reconcile, and it has been agreed Each faction committee handles the same.The imperial envoy of the Great France sent third-class hereditary viscount Hua Ling Ding Dai Duangui, the third-class counselor, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Qing Dynasty sent Liang Dunyan, the third-rank Hua Ling Ding Dai of Zhili Jinguan Road, to Nanchang to find out in detail the cause of Jiang Zhaotang's death in Nanchang County Magistrate.On the 29th of the first lunar month of this year, Jiang Zhaotang, the magistrate of Nanchang County, went to the Catholic Church to discuss the old case with the legal priest Wang Anzhi.It was because of the act of killing himself by the order that there were rumors of slandering the priests of the law, which led to the riot on the third day of February. The Chinese state has punished the guilty.The articles agreed upon between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the French imperial envoy stationed in Beijing are listed on the left, so as not to cause disagreements with each other later.

Article 4. 1 taels of compensation should be given to the families of the five murdered teachers, and another [-] taels should be used for Sichuan-funded funds such as the new teaching and learning.

Article 20 All the destroyed churches, schools, nursing homes, etc. in the old case of Xinchang and other cases and the new case of Nanchang, as well as the houses of the people in the church and all their belongings, shall be compensated with a total of [-] taels of silver, which shall be withdrawn by the church to compensate the churches. The losses of the persons involved in the case shall be settled as a whole.

Article 20 The [-] taels of color silver in Kuping Ku, which was recorded in Article [-], was divided into ten deliveries, every three months as one installment, and [-] taels were handed over to the French bishop for collection in Jiujiang.

Article [-] All the red deeds of the destroyed churches should be replenished by the local officials as soon as possible, business licenses, and a church house in Nanchang County should be lent to the priests to build houses and move immediately.

Article [-] The governor of Jiangxi should issue an announcement as soon as possible. The draft of the announcement has already been ordered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the French Imperial Commissioner in Beijing.

The above five articles are divided into four copies in Chinese and four in French. One is kept in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the other is kept in the Office of the Legal Envoy in Beijing, the other is kept in Jiangxi Governor's Yamen, and the other is kept in Jiujiang Catholic Church.

The Dafa imperial envoy stationed in Zambia and the Minister of Plenipotentiary of China wears the fourth-class star of glory, Ba'a, who was appointed by the Qing Dynasty. June 20 NO.32 Daqing Guangxu 29nd year, April [-]th, printed Zhang Shangshu saw this contract, he was very dissatisfied with the government officials, and wrote Qi Ding, always saying that he lost power and humiliated the country.So Lu Runxiang quoted this meeting.At that time, Ze Xiaoju said, "That's irrelevant. What Ge Lao said is reasonable. He was obviously not sent to him for the editor's job. He just wanted to have an opinion with us. He objected to the editor. The editor is still the editor. We do our best. Let's play our affairs out of the manuscript, and let's see the will of the head."

After hearing this, Ge and Lu were speechless.If you want to know what happened next, let's listen to the next chapter.

(End of this chapter)