Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Chapter 66 Eight Paintings (4)
[Modern Research] Contains polysaccharides, which can be hydrolyzed to obtain galacturonic acid, glucose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, and xylose.It still contains thorny catalpa saponin A, B and so on.

See "Compendium of Materia Medica" for Jasmine.It is the flower of Jasminum sam bac (L.) Ait., an evergreen shrub of Oleaceae.Mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangdong and other places.

[Synonym] Pear flower, Baimoli, Molihua.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] pungent, sweet, warm.Return liver, spleen, stomach warp.

【Efficacy and application】Removing dampness and promoting qi: It is used for dampness and turbidity, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. It can be decocted with green tea and Shichangpu.Or it can be used in the same way as Magnolia officinalis and Muxiang.Improving eyesight and relieving pain: used for conjunctival congestion, swelling and pain, tears in the wind, can be used with chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, and Senecio.

Modern commonly used in gastroenteritis, acute conjunctivitis and so on.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-10g, or make tea.External application: Appropriate amount, decocted in water to wash the eyes, or soaked in tea oil for ear drops.

[Modern Research] Contains volatile oil, the main components of which are benzyl acetate, d-linalool, etc.

See "Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Chronicle" for Kuding.It is the whole herb of Lactuca taizmniana Maxim., a 1-year or 2-year-old herbaceous plant of Compositae.Distributed in East China and Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and other places.

[Synonym] Longzhakou, tall dandelion, diced radish, milk sorrel, hill radish, forkhead grass, moth grass.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, cold.Return liver, large intestine channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing heat and detoxifying: for furuncle carbuncle, milk carbuncle, use fresh root alone, or add a little light powder to pound and apply to the affected area, or take the whole herb and decoct it together with forsythia, wild chrysanthemum, and honeysuckle; for hemorrhoids , use the whole herb boiled soup alone to wash and wipe; for poisonous snake bites, take the fresh root and mash it, add a small amount of realgar, stir and apply around the wound, and take another root or the whole herb to decoct in water.Activating blood to heal wounds: use whole herb alone, boil soup with lean pork and take it.

In modern times, it is commonly used for boils, mastitis, tonsillitis, hemorrhoids, and bruises.

【Usage and Dosage】External application: Appropriate amount, smashed for application; or decocted for washing.

See "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" for bitter gourd.It is the fruit of Momordica charantia L., an annual climbing herb of Cucurbitaceae.Mainly produced in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hunan, Fujian and other places.

[Synonyms] Brocade lychee, leprosy grape, red girl, Puda, cold melon, red sheep, leprosy melon.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, cold.GUIXIN, Spleen, Stomach Channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing summer heat and troubles: used for polydipsia to drink, heatstroke fever, decocted or soaked in boiling water instead of tea, or just use twisted juice to make honey; for damp heat dysentery, mash the twisted juice and drink with boiling water.Detoxification and detumescence: used for carbuncle, erysipelas, malignant sore caused by accumulation of toxic heat, decocted and mashed for external application.Clearing Liver and Improving Eyesight: It is used for red eye pain, tearing, and eyesight caused by hot inflammation, calcined and grinded into powder, and taken with rush decoction.

It is commonly used in modern times for heatstroke, bacillary dysentery, diabetes, gastritis, conjunctivitis, skin ulcers, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 6-15g, or powdered for storage.External application: appropriate amount, smashed for applying.

[Cautions for use] People with deficiency of the spleen and stomach may cause vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain when eating it, so avoid taking it.

[Modern Research] Contains Momordica glycosides, 5-hydroxytryptamine and various amino acids such as glutamic acid, alanine, β-alanine, phenylalanine, proline, α-aminobutyric acid, melon Amino acid, galacturonic acid and pectin etc.Bitter gourd juice has a significant effect on lowering blood sugar in rabbits.The water extract also has a hypoglycemic effect on rats with hyperglycemia caused by subcutaneous injection of the anterior pituitary extract.

Bitter Fu see "Book of Materia Medica".It is the whole herb of Cirsium chinense Gardn.et Champ., a perennial herb of Compositae.Mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hunan and other places.

[Synonyms] Hook Fu, Bitter Board, Thistle Thistle, Thistle Leaf, Oxthorn Plow.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, bitter, cool.Return liver, lung, kidney channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing away heat and relieving summer heat: used for heat upset, chest tightness, and thirst.Heat-clearing and detoxifying: used for furuncle swelling and pain caused by accumulation of toxic heat, erysipelas, pounded for external application; used for hemorrhoids, gold sores, sprinkled with burnt ashes; used for lacquer sores, decocted and washed with water.Cooling blood to stop bleeding: used for hematemesis caused by blood heat, epistaxis, hematuria, metrorrhagia, leukorrhagia, etc., decocted in single herb, or combined with rhizoma Imperatae Rhizome, madder root, orientalis leaves, etc.

In modern times, it is commonly used for heatstroke, viral jaundice hepatitis, urinary tract infection, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and hematemesis due to falls.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 15-30g.External application: appropriate amount, smashed for applying.

See "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" for bitterness.It is the root of the leguminous plant Sophora agJescens Ait.It is distributed all over the country, and Shanxi, Hubei, Henan, and Hebei have larger yields.

[Synonym] Bitter bone, ground bone, Sichuan ginseng, phoenix claw, beef ginseng.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, cold.Return liver, large intestine, small intestine channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing heat and dampness: used for damp-heat diarrhea, often used together with woody incense and licorice, that is, Xiangshen pills ("Shen's Zunsheng Shu"), or compatible with Coptis chinensis, Cortex Phellodendron, etc.; used for damp-heat jaundice, It is often compatible with capillary, gardenia, plantain, etc.; used in humid tropical environment, it can be compatible with Phellodendron cortex, gentian, and fresh bark.Killing insects and relieving itching: used for scabies, eczema, and pruritus, often used together with alum, sulfur, Phellodendron cortex, diphtheria, and Fructus Cnidii.Diuresis and swelling: used for edema, dysuria, ascites, decocted alone, or combined with Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala.In addition, if it is used together with Platycodon grandiflorum, it can also cure phlegm and cough.

Modern commonly used in acute tonsillitis, bacillary dysentery, acute gastroenteritis, acute infectious hepatitis, chronic bronchitis, wheezing chronic bronchitis, premature ventricular contraction, sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, trichomonas Vaginitis, schistosomiasis ascites, seborrheic dermatitis, genital eczema, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-12g, or in pills or powder.External application: appropriate amount, decocted for washing.

[Cautions for use] Contraindicated in patients with spleen and stomach deficiency.Anti Veratrum.

[Modern Research] Contains D-matrine, D-oxymatrine, D-sophoridol, L-sophoidine, etc.A variety of animal experiments have proved that Sophora flavescens has a significant inhibitory effect on the heart, which can slow down the heart rate, weaken the myocardial contractility, and reduce the cardiac output.It has a good preventive effect on arrhythmias caused by chloroform-epinephrine, aconitine, and ouabain.Matrine has obvious inhibitory effect on Shigella, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium mutans, beta-hemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro; it has obvious inhibitory effect on transplanted mouse sarcoma S1s.have obvious inhibitory effect.Alcohol extract has anti-trichomonas effect in vitro.Clinical trials of Kushen decoction, Kushen decoction, Kushen injection and matrine were administered to rabbits, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection, all had diuretic effect.

See "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" for bitter herbs.It is the whole plant of Sonchus oleraceus L., a 1-year or 2-year-old herb of Compositae.It is distributed in most parts of our country.

[Synonym] Tea grass, wild bitter horse, green vegetables, purple bitter vegetable, viola, chicory, day coriander, Laoya bitter vegetable, Yunnan bitter vegetable.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, cold.Guixin, spleen, stomach, large intestine channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing heat and dampness: for damp-heat jaundice, it can be compatible with capillary, plantain, baby's breath, etc.; for damp-heat dysentery, it can be compatible with coptis, purslane, etc.Detoxification and swelling reduction: It is used for malignant sores with accumulation of toxic heat, furuncles, swelling and pain of women's breasts, mashed into juice, taken with wine and kimono, and applied to the affected area with residue.Cooling blood for hemostasis: used for stranguria caused by heat-injured blood collaterals, hematuria, hemorrhoidal fistula bleeding, can be used in the same way as Rhizoma Imperatae Rhizoma Imperatae, Rubia Root, and Blood Charcoal.

Modern commonly used in bacillary dysentery, icteric hepatitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic gastritis, liver cirrhosis, mastitis, snake bites and so on.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 10-30g, juiced or powdered.External application: Appropriate amount, smashed with juice, or decocted for fumigation.

[Cautions for use] Contraindicated for those with deficiency of the spleen and stomach. Do not take it with honey.

【Modern Research】The whole herb contains anti-tumor components.Experiments have shown that on the 37th day after inoculation of Tumor-6 in the thigh muscles of mice, the acid extract of bitter cabbage was injected subcutaneously, and the mice were killed 6 to 48 hours later. The tumors can be seen to be obvious by naked eye and microscopic observation. Hemorrhage, necrosis, etc.

See "Supplements to Materia Medica" for bitterness.It is the whole plant of Physalis pubescens L., an annual herb of Solanaceae.It is distributed all over the country, especially in the provinces south of the Yangtze River Basin.

[Synonyms] Dagancao, lantern grass, ghost lantern, day bubble grass, lantern bubble grass, ring bell grass.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, sour, cold.Return lung, liver, gallbladder, large intestine channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing away heat and detoxification: used for sore throat and gums caused by heat and toxin, smashed fresh grass and twisted juice, or decocted and rinsed with water; used for pemphigus, furunculosis and mumps, Take it orally and smash it for application, or it can be dried and ground into oil for application; it can be used for cough due to lung heat, decocted or made into syrup for oral administration.Clearing damp-heat: used for damp-heat jaundice, dysentery, hot stranguria, edema, single herbal decoction, or formula use.

Modern commonly used in acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, chronic bronchitis, acute viral jaundice hepatitis, bacillary dysentery, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 15-30g, or pounded into juice.External application: Appropriate amount, pounded fresh product for applying, or ground into powder for applying, decocted in water for gargle.

【Modern Research】Contains Physalis erythrin.

See "The Classic of Fengyuan" for Kudingcha.It is the young leaves of Ilex cornuta Lindl. or Ilex latifolia Thunb., an evergreen tree of the Ilex family.Mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi and other places.

[synonym] wolfberry leaf, horn thorn tea, bitter lamp tea.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, sweet, cold.Return liver, lung, stomach warp.

【Efficacy and application】Evacuation of wind-heat: used for wind-heat exogenous, dizziness, headache, red eyes, toothache, tinnitus, decocted with water alone as tea.Eliminate restlessness and quench thirst: used for fever and polydipsia, it can be combined with Trichosanthum Fen, Ophiopogon japonicus, Scutellaria baicalensis, etc.Heat-clearing and toxic substances removing: used for heat-toxin diarrhea, aphtha, water and fire burns, mastitis.For diarrhea and dysentery, it can be used together with Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron Phellodendri, and Woody Fragrance; for aphtha, decocted in water and rinsed and taken orally; for scalds and mastitis, powdered and oiled for external application.

In modern times, it is often used for hypertension, angioneurotic headache, bacillary dysentery, indigestion, otitis media, stomatitis, mastitis, burns and scalds, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-9g, or human pills.External application: Appropriate amount, decocted for washing or powdered and oiled for external application.

[Modern Research] Contains caffeine, saponins, tannins, bitterness, etc.Chinese wolfberry has the effect of increasing coronary flow and myocardial contractility on isolated guinea pig heart.

See "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" for bitter gourd leaves.It is the leaf of Momordica charantia L., a plant of Cucurbitaceae.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, cold.Return stomach, large intestine channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing away heat and detoxification: used for toxic heat sores, furuncles, red bayberry sores, dog bites, decocted, or ground into wine for delivery, and pounded juice to wipe the affected area; used for heat toxic dysentery, can be compatible with Coptis chinensis, Purslane etc.Promoting qi and relieving pain: For stomach pain, take it orally in decoction, or in combination with tangerine peel, xuanhusuo, etc.

It is commonly used in modern times for skin ulcers, bacillary dysentery, gastritis, tinea manuum, dog bites, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 30-60g (use fresh), or grind into powder.External application: Appropriate amount, decocted for washing, pounded for applying or applied with pounded juice.

【Modern Research】Contains bitter melon and so on.

Kudiding see "Chinese Medicine Chronicle".It is the whole plant of Corydalis bungeana Turcz., a perennial herbaceous plant of Papaveraceae.Mainly produced in Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other places.

[Synonym] Diding, Didingcao, Xiaojicai, Zihua Diding.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, pungent, cold.Guixin, spleen, large intestine channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing away heat and detoxification: for boils and swollen toxins, smashed and applied alone, or decocted with wild chrysanthemum, and can also be compatible with dandelion, forsythia, wild chrysanthemum, skullcap, etc. Peel, raw Burnet, and red peony are decocted together.In addition, decoction or external use can also be used to treat colds, tonsillitis, mumps, red eyes and swelling.Clearing away heat and dampness: for damp-heat diarrhea, it can be decocted with Burnet elata; for damp-heat jaundice, it can be used with capillary wormwood.

Modern commonly used in acute tonsillitis, cellulitis, acute appendicitis, icteric hepatitis, bacillary dysentery, enteritis, mumps, influenza and so on.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 9-15g (30-60g for fresh products); or pounded into juice.External application: appropriate amount, smashed for applying.

[Modern research] Contains a variety of alkaloids, etc., which are effective against type A hemolytic streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, catarrhal Branham, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, para Influenza virus, etc. have inhibitory effect.

For bitterness, see "Preparation for Herb Properties".It is the whole plant of Elephantopus scaber L., a perennial erect herb of Compositae.It is mainly produced in the Yangtze River Basin and various places in the south of the Yangtze River.

[Synonym] Heliotrope, Bupleurum chinensis, Straw shoe sole, Didan head, Didandelion, Iron broom, hair brush, Ground gall, a thorn needle, Iron candlestick.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, pungent, cold.Return lung, spleen, liver channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing away heat and detoxifying: for toxic heat sores, mastitis, snake and insect bites, decocted for fumigation and washing, or smashed for external application, and decocted for oral administration; for sore throat, decocted with single flavor as tea , or compatible Radix Isatidis, etc.; used for pus in the ear, fresh grass juice for ear drops.Clearing dampness and heat: used for stranguria syndrome, edema, beriberi, dysuria caused by internal resistance of dampness and heat, it can be stewed with lean pork, and it can also be combined with psyllium seed and imperina root, etc.; used for dampness-heat jaundice, used alone for boiled meat, or Compatible with Yin Chen, Gardenia, Polygonum cuspidatum, etc.Cooling blood to stop bleeding: used for epistaxis caused by heat-injured blood collaterals, blood caused by intestinal wind, decocted in water.

Modern commonly used for colds, influenza, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, Japanese encephalitis, liver cirrhosis ascites, nephritis edema, eczema, boils, ulcers of lower extremities, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 15-30g (fresh product 30-60g), or pounded into juice.External application: smashed for applying, or decocted for fumigation.

[Cautions for use] This product is bitter and cold, and should be used with caution in patients with deficiency-cold syndrome and pregnant women.

【现代研究】含地胆草内酯、去氧地胆草内酯、异去氧地胆草内酯等。煎剂在试管内对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、志贺菌属、伤寒沙门菌等有抑制作用，对大鼠蛋白性关节炎有抑制作用。醇制剂对小鼠白血病P388有显著的抑制作用。地胆草内酯、地胆草新内酯对大鼠瓦克肉瘤-256有显著的抑制作用，在体外对人鼻咽癌-KB细胞半效抑制浓度为0.28～2.0μg／mL。去氧地胆草对大鼠瓦克肉瘤一256亦有显著的抑制作用。

See "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" for bitter almonds.It is the bitter seeds of Prunus armeniaca L. or Prunus armeniaca L.var.ansu Maxim., a deciduous tree of Rosaceae.It is mainly produced in Northeast China and North China.

[synonym] amygdala, apricot kernel, apricot, apricot plum.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, slightly warm.It is slightly poisonous.Return lung, large intestine channel.

【Efficacy and Application】Relieve cough and relieve asthma: Depending on the compatibility, it can be used for various coughs and asthma.For wind-cold cough, it is often combined with perilla leaves, pinellia, tangerine peel, ginger, etc., such as Xingsu San ("Warm Diseases Discrimination"); for wind-heat cough, it is often combined with mulberry leaves, chrysanthemums, bellflowers, mint, etc., such as Sangju Drink ( "Wenbing Tiaodian"); dry-heat cough, often compatible with mulberry leaves, fritillaria, Radix Ginseng, etc., such as Sangxing Decoction ("Wenbing Tiaobian"); cough and asthma due to lung heat, often combined with ephedra, gypsum, licorice, i.e. Maxing Shigan Decoction ("Treatise on Febrile Diseases").Runchang laxative: used for intestinal dryness and constipation, often used together with Yu Liren, Taoren, etc., such as Wuren Pills ("Shi Yi De Xiao Fang").In addition, peeling, smashing and grinding, human light powder and sesame oil are applied to the affected area, which can cure various sores and swelling.

Modern commonly used in acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, whooping cough, habitual constipation, genital itching, etc.

【Usage and Dosage】Decoction: 4.5-9g; or as pills or powder.External application: appropriate amount, smashed for applying.

(End of this chapter)