Han Fei

Chapter 12

Biuchi
The trouble with the master lies in trusting others, and trusting others controls others.A subject is not a relative of flesh and blood to his monarch, but he is bound by the situation and has to do things.Therefore, those who are ministers of others can see the heart of their ruler without a moment's rest, and the ruler of the ruler is lazy in it, so in this world there is robbery and murder of the ruler.If one is the master and trusts his son greatly, then the treacherous officials will have to take advantage of the son to achieve their own selfishness. Therefore, Li Duifu Fu Zhao Wang starved his father.If one is a master and trusts his wife greatly, then treacherous ministers can take advantage of his wife to achieve his own selfishness. Therefore, Fu Liji was favored, Shen Sheng was killed and Xi Qi was established.If the husband still cannot trust the closeness of his wife and the closeness of his son, then the rest cannot be trusted.And the master of ten thousand chariots, the king of a thousand chariots, the concubines and wives, those who are suitable for the eldest son, or those who want to be their kings and die.How do you know it?Husband and wife, those who do not have the kindness of flesh and blood, if you love, you will be close, if you don't love, you will be distant.The saying goes: If the mother is good, the son will embrace it.However, it does the opposite, and the mother is evil, and the son is Shi.The husband is fifty and his lust has not been resolved, and the woman is thirty and her beauty has faded.If a woman who is in decline and beauty is a lustful husband, she will be seen as humble, and her son will not be a queen. This is why the concubine and wife of the future hope for the death of their king.Only if the mother is the queen and the son is the master, then there is nothing that cannot be ordered, and there is no limit.The reason why it is used.Therefore, Taozuo Chunqiu said: "The dead of the master's disease cannot be treated halfway."If the master does not know, there will be chaos and a lot of capital, so it is said: If the king is benefited and the dead are numerous, the master will be in danger.Therefore, Wang Liang loved horses, and King Goujian of Yue loved people, and they fought and galloped.Doctors are good at sucking people's wounds, containing people's blood, they are not blood relatives, and they are also benefited.Therefore, when a husband and a man form a coffin, he desires the person's wealth and honor; when a craftsman makes a coffin, he desires the person's premature death.It's not that people are benevolent, but craftsmen are thieves. If people are not valuable, they won't sell them. If people don't die, they won't buy coffins. Love is not about hating people, but the benefit lies in people's death.Therefore, when the concubine, wife, and prince's party is established, they want the death of the emperor. If the emperor is not dead, the power will not be serious. The love is not hatred of the emperor, but the death of the emperor.Therefore, the Lord cannot ignore the self-interested dead.Therefore, the sun and the moon halo surround the outside, and the thieves are inside, preparing for what they hate, and disaster for what they love.That is why the Master of the Ming Dynasty does not mention things that are not good, does not eat extraordinary food, listens from a distance but sees short-sighted to judge the mistakes of the outside and inside, saves similarities and differences to know the differences between friends, and occasionally checks the experience of the five to blame the truth of the statement. Control the latter to respond to the former, govern the masses according to the law, and observe the ends of the masses, and observe the ends of the scholars.Scholars have no rewards, no oversteps, killing must be done, and crimes are not forgiven, then treachery and evil have no place to tolerate their selfishness.If there are too many corvees, the people will suffer, and if the people suffer, the power will rise. When the power rises, the heavy will be eliminated. If the heavy is removed, the nobles will become rich.People and ministers do not benefit the world.Therefore, it is said: If there are fewer corvees, the people will be safe; if the people are safe, there will be no heavy power at the bottom; if there is no heavy power at the bottom, the power will be destroyed;Now it is clear that water is better than fire, but in the middle of a cauldron, the water boils to exhaust the upper part, while the fire burns the lower part, and the water loses its place.The prohibition of adultery in today's husband's rule is also clear here, but the law-abiding ministers act in a cauldron, and the law is only clear in their hearts, and they have lost their reason for the prohibition of adultery.According to ancient rumors and records in the Spring and Autumn Period, those who break the law and become treacherous are not disobedient to noble ministers.The reason why the laws are prepared and the punishments are punished is often humble, because the people are desperate and have nothing to complain about.Ministers compare Zhou and cover up as one, the yin is good and the yang is evil, to show selflessness, each other is the eyes and ears, waiting for the master's gap, the master hides, has no way to hear, has the master's name but has no reality, and the minister is dedicated to the law. Yes, the emperor of Zhou is also.If one takes advantage of his power, the upper and lower positions will be changed. In this way, people and ministers cannot take advantage of power.

south
The fault of the master is in the hands of the minister, and it must be prepared against those who are not in charge. In this way, it must be the fault of those who are in charge, and the master is against those who are not in charge.Those who are prepared for others today are also prepared in the past.The owner cannot understand the law and use the authority of the ministers to control the power of the ministers, and he has no way to win the trust of the ministers.If the master interprets the law and prepares his ministers, those who love each other will be more respectful than others, and those who hate each other will be friends with each other.
No, non-reputation fights, and the master is confused and confused.Those who are ministers can't make progress unless they have a reputation, and they can't be prestige unless they violate the law and autocracy.The third is the capital of the master of breaking the law.The ruler and ministers, although they are intelligent, cannot memorize #1 laws and become autocratic; although they are virtuous, they cannot exceed their merits and work first; although they are loyal, they cannot interpret the laws and do not restrain them. This is called clear law.

There are those who lure people into things, and those who obstruct their words, both of which must be observed.People and ministers who are easy to talk about things, ask for money less, use things to slander the master, and the master seduces but does not observe.His words are few, and his rebates are high. Although he has merit, he does not believe what he says, and those who do not believe will be guilty.Those who are in charge of the way make people and ministers never say what they say before, and what they say after they don't say what they said before.People and ministers set things up for the master and are afraid of their wrongdoing, so they first speak out and say: those who discuss what is right are also those who are jealous of things.The ruler hides his words and does not listen to the officials, and the officials are afraid of what they say and dare not discuss matters. If the two powers use it, the loyal officials will not listen and the honorable officials will be alone. If this is the case, it is said that they are blocked by words, and those who are blocked by words control their officials. carry on.Those who are in charge of the way make people and ministers have the responsibility to speak, and they also have the responsibility not to speak.If there is no reason for the statement, and there is no proof for the argument, it is also the responsibility of the statement.Those who avoid responsibility by not speaking, and those who hold a high position, are also responsible for not speaking.Those who make people and ministers speak must know that they are responsible for the truth, and those who don't speak must ask them what to choose and take it as responsibility.People want to do things, but they don't know the end, but they want to understand their desires. Those who do something will not benefit, but they will do harm. If you know this, let the reason go.Do things in a proper way, and those who take in more and spend less can do it.If you don't care about the master, you count the entry and don't count the exit. Although the exit is twice the entry, if you don't know the harm, you will gain in name but die in reality. If you do so, the merit is small but the harm is great.Those who make great achievements can be called meritorious service if they enter more and produce less.Today, if there is no crime for a lot of money and little merit, then people and ministers will spend a lot of money and get little success, and if they make little work, the master will also be harmful.

Those who don't know how to rule must say: There is no change from the past, and there is no change to the constant.Change and remain unchanged, the sage does not listen, it is just rule.However, there is no change in the past, there is no change in the constant, and what is possible and impossible in the ancient.If Yi Yin does not change Yin, and Dagong does not change Zhou, then Tang and Wu will not be kings.If Guan Zhong did not change Qi, and Guo Yan did not change to Jin, then Huan and Wen would not be hegemony.It is difficult for ordinary people to change the ancients, and they are afraid of the safety of the people.Those who do not change from the past are traces of chaos, and those who suit the hearts of the people are also acts of adultery.The people are ignorant and do not know chaos, and they are cowardly and unable to change. This is the loss of governance.Those who are the masters of the people know how to rule, and they must be strictly enforced, so even if they are in the people, they must be ruled.It is said that if you are inside and outside the Shang Jun, you will be iron-clad, and you will pay attention to the shield and guard against it.Therefore, when Guo Yanzhi first ruled, Duke Wen had officials and died.Guan Zhong began to rule, and Duke Huan had a chariot.It is also a warning to the people.It is because the people who are foolish and depraved, who suffer from small expenses and forget the great benefits, are therefore slandered by Ah.and?Small changes lead to long-term convenience, so Zou Jiafei travels.Accustomed to chaos but tolerant to order, the people of Zheng could not return.

playing evil
The tortoise is chiseled to count the number of tortoises, and the omen is said to be auspicious, and Zhao Ye who attacked Yan.If the tortoise is chiseled and the number of tortoises is counted, the omen is said to be auspicious, and the Yan who attacked Zhao was also.The drama is difficult, and the country is in danger without success.Zou Yan's work in Yan was futile and the country's path was ruined.Zhao Dai was first proud of Yan, and then proud of Qi. The country was chaotic and the integrity was high.Zhao also tried to chisel the number of tortoises and attack Yan in the north, and robbed Yan to rebel against Qin. Pang Yuan withdrew his troops, while the south was exhausted.The minister said: Although Zhao Gui has no far-sightedness in Yan, he should see Qin in the near future.Qin is famous for its good luck, solid land creation, and rescue of Yan.Zhao took advantage of his good luck, land #2 cut down the soldiers and humiliated him, and the Lord died of dissatisfaction.It's not Qin Guishen, but Zhao Gui's deception.At the beginning of the Wei Dynasty, Dongxiang attacked Tao and Wei in a few years, and Xixiang lost its country in a few years. This is not Fenglong, Wuxing, Taiyi, Wangxiang, Sheti, Liushen, Wukuo, Tianhe, Yinqian, and Suixing. The year is in the west, and Fei Tianque, Huni, Xingxing, Yinghuo, and Kui Taifei are in the east for several years.Therefore, it is said: tortoises, ghosts and gods are not enough to win a victory, and it is not enough to carry the village on the left and right for a dedicated battle.However, it is foolish to rely on it.

The ancient kings tried their best to be close to the people and add things to Mingfa.Faming persuaded loyal ministers, and evil ministers stopped when punishment was inevitable.Qin is also the one who persuades the evil and stops the evil, and the emperor is the master of the land.The ministers and cliques are better than Zhou to hide the righteous way, practice private songs and degrade the master, and Shandong is also the case.It is the nature of human beings to destroy the weak.To rule the strong is the ancient way.King Goujian of Yue relied on the tortoise of the Ming Dynasty, and he fought against me and was defeated. He became an official in Wu, rebelled against the country and abandoned the tortoise.Therefore, those who rely on ghosts and gods are slower than the law, and those who rely on princes endanger their country.Cao relied on Qi and did not listen to Song, Qi attacked and judged, and Song destroyed Cao.Relying on Wu and not listening to Qi, Yue defeated Wu and Qi destroyed Jing.Xu Shi never listened to Wei, Jing attacked Song and Wei destroyed Xu.Zheng relies on Wei and does not listen to Han, Wei attacks Jing and Han destroys Zheng.Today, South Korea is small and relies on a big country, and the master is slow and listens to Qin, Wei and Qi, and Jing, and the small country is dying more and more.Therefore, relying on people is not enough to spread the land, and Han can't see it.Jing added troops to Xu and Yan to attack Wei, and Qi attacked Ren Hu and cut Wei, which was not enough to preserve Zheng, and Han Fu knew it.Those who do not know the laws and prohibitions to govern their country, and those who rely on outsiders to destroy their country.

The minister said: If you know the number of governance, the country will be rich even if it is small.Rewards and punishments are respectful and trustworthy, although the people are few, they are strong.Rewards and punishments are endless, even if the country has a large army and is weak, the land is not its land, and the people are not its people.Without land and people, Yao and Shun could not be kings, and the three generations could not be strong.The master gives in excess, and the minister in turn takes in vain.Regardless of the law, those who have made the achievements of the previous kings and Mingjun, who took office as the country, the minister said: I wish the achievements of the past, and use the past to reward the people of the present.If the master gives too much, the ministers will steal luck, and if the ministers take from them, the merits will not be respected.Those who have no merit are rewarded, and the people lack wealth and popularity; if wealth is lacking and popularity, the people will not do their best.Therefore, those who use rewards to overdo it will lose the people, and those who use punishment to overdo it will not be afraid of the people.If rewards are not enough to persuade, and punishments are not enough to prohibit, then the country will be in danger no matter how big it is.Therefore, it is said: Small knowledge cannot be used to plan things, and small loyalty cannot be used to preside over the law.King Jing Gong and Duke Li of Jin fought in Yanling, Jing Shi was defeated, King Gong was wounded, the battle was fierce, Sima Zi was thirsty and begged for a drink, his friend Shu Gu Yang came in with a cup of wine, and Zi retorted: "Go away, this wine is too."Shu Guyang said: "No."The son received it and drank it.Zifan was a man addicted to alcohol, he was so fond of it that he couldn't stop it from his mouth, and he fell asleep drunk.King Gong wanted to resume the war and made plans, so people called his son to retaliate, and his son resigned because of heart disease.King Gong drove over to look at it, entered the camp and smelled the smell of wine, and returned, saying: "Today's battle, I have personally hurt my eyes, and I rely on Sima, and Sima is like this. It is the country of the Jing State and does not care about our people. The widow has nothing to do." Let's fight again.When he dismissed his teacher and left, Zhanzi thought it was a big slaughter.Therefore, it is said: Jian Guyang's drinking is not because of evil, so it is.Zifan also, sincerely loves him enough to kill him.This trip is also for those who are less loyal but more loyal than the thief.Therefore, it is said: Little loyalty is the thief of great loyalty.If you let the little loyal master the law, you will surely forgive your sins, forgive your sins and love each other, and you will be at ease with the world, but it will also hinder those who govern the people.

When the Wei Zhifang clearly established and followed the constitution, those who made merits would be rewarded, and those who committed crimes would be punished.The law is slow, and it is given in vain, and the country is declining day by day.When Zhao Zhifang clarified the laws of the country and followed the army, the people were numerous and the soldiers were strong, and the land was opened up in Qi and Yan.And the law of the country is slow, the users are weak, and the country is declining day by day.When Yan's Fang Ming obeyed the law and judged by the officials, the county of Qi in the east and the land of Zhongshan in the south.And Feng #3 law is dead, the official is no longer used, and the left and right are fighting. If you follow it, the army will be weak and the land will be weakened, and the country will be ruled by the neighbors and enemies.Therefore, it is said: Those who understand the law are strong, and those who slow down the law are weak.The strength and weakness are so clear, but if the ruler of the world does not do anything, it is appropriate for the country to perish.The saying goes: The family has a regular business, even if you are hungry, you are not hungry.The state has regular laws, which will not perish even in danger.If the husband abandons the common law and follows his own will, then the subordinates will be decorated with wisdom, and the subordinates will be decorated with wisdom, and the law will not be established.It is the way of delusion, and the way of governing the country is useless.The way of governing the country is to avoid harming the law, then it will not be confused by wisdom, and it will not be pretentious by reputation.In the past #4, Shun sent officials to fight against Hongshui, and Shun killed them when the shills made meritorious deeds.In the Yu Dynasty, the king of the princes was above Kuaiji, and the king of Fangfeng came after him, and Yu beheaded him.Viewed from this point of view, the first ordered to kill, and the second ordered to be beheaded, the ancients who were ordered first are as valuable as orders.Therefore, the mirror is clear and nothing happens, so beauty and evil can be compared.Heng insists on being upright and nothing happens, and the severity can be carried.If you shake the mirror, it will not be clear, and if you shake it, it will not be correct, which is what is called the law.Therefore, the former kings took the Dao as the constant and the law as the foundation.All wisdom is clear and clear, if there is something to do, it will go, and if there is no way, it will stop.Therefore, wisdom is a single way and cannot be passed on to others.But the Tao is perfect, but the wisdom is lost.The husband knows the balance by hanging the balance, and knows the circle by setting the rules #5, which is the way of perfection.The lord of the Ming Dynasty made the people adorn the Tao, so if it is lost, it will be successful.

Interpret the rules and allow ingenuity, interpret the law and allow wisdom, the way of confusion.The leader of the chaos makes the people pretend to be wise, but they don't know why, so they work hard and get nowhere.

Interpret laws and bans and listen to invitations, and the officials sell their officials to the top and take rewards from the bottom, so as to benefit privately and prestige the officials.Therefore, the people can't do their best to serve the Lord's heart, but to serve the Lord.If the people are good at handing over, the goods and wealth will be high-ranking, but those who talk cleverly will use them.If so, there will be fewer meritorious persons.When treacherous officials get better and talented officials retreat, the master will be confused and will not know what to do, and the people will gather but will not know what to do. The way is to follow.This is the loss of abolishing laws and prohibitions, posting credit, promoting reputation, and listening to invitations.Anyone who has lost the law must cheat and entrust things to marry him, and he will say that the world is rare. This is the reason why the tyrant and the ruler are confused, and the reason why the ministers and virtuous assistants invade.The old ministers called Yi Yin and Guan Zhongzhi's merits, and they had the capital to recite the law and pretend to be wise.If Bigan and Zixu are said to be loyal and killed, then there will be words of remonstrance.Husbands are called sages at the top, and rioters at the bottom. They cannot be classified, and if they are, they are banned.The king's legislation is thought to be right, but today people and ministers often establish their own private wisdom, and those who use the law as wrong are wrong and use wisdom.If you think about it this way, you will know that all emotions want to surpass public law and establish private wisdom.If you pass the law and establish wisdom, those who are like this are forbidden, and this is the way of the Lord.The way of banning the Lord must be clear about the distinction between public and private, clear the legal system, and eliminate private favors.Husband's order must be carried out, prohibition must be stopped, and the justice of the master is also.You must do your own selfishness, trust in your friends, not for rewards and persuasion, not for punishment and frustration, this is the selfishness of a minister.Self-righteousness leads to chaos, and righteousness leads to order, so the public and the private are divided.People and ministers have selfishness and justice.Self-cultivation is pure and fair, and conduct is fair and upright. Being an official is selfless, and being a minister is just.Follow the desires of evil, settle down and benefit the family, this is the selfishness of the people and ministers.When the master of enlightenment is above, the ministers will act selfishly and righteously; if the master of chaos is superior, the ministers will act righteously and selfishly.Therefore, the monarch and his ministers have different hearts.The king uses the plan to feed the animals, and the ministers use the plan to serve the king. The relationship between the king and the minister is also counted.Harm the body and benefit the country, and the minister will not do it; enrich the country and benefit the minister, the king can't do it.The love of a minister will harm the body without benefit, and the love of a king will harm the country without relatives.Those who are monarchs and ministers are also those who are combined by calculation.Even when a husband is in trouble, he must die, and he will try his best to do what is right for the Dharma.Therefore, the former kings rewarded them to persuade them, and severely punished them to intimidate them.Rewarding and punishing names means that all the people will die, and if the people are all dead, the soldiers will be strong and the Lord will be honored.If punishments and rewards are not observed, the people will seek for nothing, and if they are guilty, they will be spared, and the soldiers will be weak and the ruler will be humble.Therefore, the former Wang Xianzuo tried his best to exhaust his wisdom.Therefore, it is said: Public and private must not be unclear, legal prohibitions must not be untrial, the king knew it before.

Notes:

#1 "Jie" is obviously an error in the word "back", which was revised according to Chen Qiyou's original version.

#2 The word "利" is a mistake of the word "地", which was corrected according to Ling Ying's original and Yuping's edition.

#3 The meaning of the word "Qin" does not make sense here, it should be a mistake of the word "Feng", which was changed according to Chen Qiyou's original version.

#4 The word "Ruo" is a mistake of the word "Xi", which was changed according to Chen Qiyou.

#5 "Zhu Kuang" is an error in "setting rules", which was changed according to Chen Qiyou.

#6 The word "Ji" is obviously a mistake of the word "Min" and should be corrected.

(End of this chapter)