Han Fei

Chapter 13

解老

Virtue, inside also.Winners, outsiders.To be virtuous is not to be virtuous, to say that the spirit is not promiscuous to the outside world.If the god is not promiscuous outside, the body will be complete, and the body is complete, which is called virtue.Those who are virtuous are also worthy of the body.A person of ordinary virtues gathers with nothingness, achieves with nothingness, thinks of peace without worry, and solidifies with nothingness.If you want to do it, you will have no virtue, and if you have no virtue, you will be incomplete.If you use it and think about it, you will not be solid, if you are not solid, you will have no merit, and if you have no merit, you will be born of virtue.There is no virtue if there is virtue, and there is virtue if there is no virtue.Therefore, it is said: the highest virtue is not virtue, so there is virtue.

Therefore, those who value inaction, inaction, inaction, and emptiness are said to have no control over their intentions.The husband has no skills, so he regards inaction and inaction as emptiness.Therefore, those who regard inaction and non-thinking as emptiness often do not forget emptiness, and they are restrained by emptiness.The imaginary means that its meaning has no restraint.Today's system is based on emptiness, and it is not emptiness.The inaction of the imaginary is also, do not take inaction as permanent, and do not take inaction as permanent, then there is emptiness, and emptiness leads to the prosperity of virtue, and the prosperity of virtue is called the highest virtue.Therefore, it is said: There is nothing to do in the highest virtue, but there is nothing not to do.

A benevolent person is said to love others happily in his heart.Those who like it are blessed, but those who are wicked are cursed.What you can't do to give birth to a heart is not to ask for its reward.Therefore, it is said: Shangren does it without thinking.

Righteousness refers to the etiquette between ruler and minister, the difference between father and son, the difference between high and low, the difference between knowing and making friends, and the difference between intimacy and estrangement.It is appropriate for ministers to serve the monarch, and for the lower body to be superior#1. It is appropriate for the son to serve the father. It is appropriate for the humble to respect the noble.Righteousness means that it is appropriate, and it is appropriate to do it. Therefore, it is said: The upper righteousness is what is considered.

The etiquette is the reason for the appearance, the righteousness of the group, the friendship between the monarch and his ministers, father and son, and the difference between the noble and the humble.The heart does not tell, and the illness tends to be humble and worshiped.I really love but don't know, so I believe it with good words.The etiquette is the reason why the outer festivals teach the inner ones.Therefore, it is said: etiquette is based on sentiment and appearance.Ordinary people are moved by external objects, but they don't know that they are rituals of the body.It is also the courtesy of everyone to respect others, so it is persuasive from time to time.The gentleman's #2 is the ritual, thinking of his body, thinking of his body, so the gods are the highest rituals, and the gods are the most important, so they can't see each other, they can't correspond, so it is said: the upper rituals are for it, but not for it.Although the crowd is different, the sage's reverence and fraternal courtesy will not decline, so it is said: "Stay with your arms."Tao has accumulation and virtue has merit, and virtue is the merit of Tao.There is real merit and light, and the light of virtue for the benevolent.The light is lustrous and the luster has something to do, and the righteous man is benevolent.There is etiquette in things and etiquette is written, and the etiquette is the text of righteousness.Therefore, it is said: Lose morality and then lose morality, lose virtue and then lose benevolence, lose benevolence and then lose righteousness, lose righteousness and then lose etiquette.Courtesy is also for the sentimental.The text is also a quality ornament.Husbands and gentlemen lose their appearance in favor of affection, and hide their appearance in favor of quality.A husband who judges love based on his appearance has evil love.Those who talk about quality in terms of decoration will lose their quality.Why?The jade of the He family is not decorated with five colors, and the pearls of the Marquis of the Sui Dynasty are not decorated with silver and yellow. Their quality is too beautiful to be decorated with other things.Those who wait for decorations and then move on, their quality is not beautiful.Therefore, the etiquette between father and son is not clear, so it is said: etiquette is thin.All things do not prosper together, so do yin and yang.It is also true that the principle wins what is given.Those who are solid and thick are thin in appearance, and this is the gift of father and son.From this point of view, those who have complicated rituals are actually weak.However, those who are polite are also those who understand people and have a simple heart.Everyone is polite, people should be happy, and people who should not be blamed.Today's proprietors understand people's simple heart, and capitalizes on the division of responsibilities, can there be no dispute?Where there is contention, there will be chaos, so it is said: the husband is a man of propriety, the thinness of loyalty and trust, and the leader of chaos.

It is called pre-knowledge to act first and move first, and those who have pre-knowledge will forget their intentions without predestined relationship.Why?Zhan He was sitting, and his disciples were waiting on him. There was a cow screaming outside the door. The disciple said, "It's a black cow and the title is white."Zhan He said: "Of course, it is a black bull, and its horns are white."To make people see it, it is a black cow and wrap its horns with cloth.With the art of Zhanzi, the hearts of all people are born, and the flowers are almost gone, so it is said: the flowers of the Tao.Try to explain Zhanzi's observation, so that a five-foot foolish boy can look at it, and he can also know that it is a black cow, so he can wrap its horns with cloth.Therefore, based on Zhan Zi's investigation, he painstakingly hurt his mind, and then he did the same work with the five-foot foolish boy, so he said: The head of fools.Therefore, it is said: Those who know beforehand are the brilliance of Tao and the head of foolishness.

The so-called big man is said to have great wisdom.The so-called treating the thick and not treating the thin is that the market is realistic without being polite.The so-called people who are actually not in their glory must have reasons and reasons.The so-called one who chooses this and that is to go to the appearance and take the reason and the truth.Therefore, it is said: Go to that and take this.

When people are in trouble, they will be fearful; if they are fearful, they will act straight; if they act straight, they will be thoughtful;If you act straight, there will be no harm; if there is no harm, you will live your whole life; if you get things right, you will be successful; if you live your life, you will live a long life;And blessings are born of misfortunes, so it is said: Misfortunes depend on blessings.To achieve success also.

If people are blessed, they will be rich and honored, and if they are rich and honored, they will have good food and clothing. If they have good food and clothing, they will be arrogant, and if they are arrogant, they will be evil and abandon reason.If the husband has the difficulty of dying on the inside, but there is no reputation for success outside, it will be a great disaster.And disasters are born of blessings, so it is said: blessings come from misfortunes.

The principle of husband's fate means that everything can be achieved by those who engage in it.Those who can't achieve anything, the great can become the emperor's respect, and the little Yi can get the reward of the minister and general.If a husband abandons reason and forgets action, even though he has the authority of the princes of heaven and the riches of Yidun, Tao Zhu, and Buzhu, he will still lose his people and his wealth.People who neglect reason and easily forget actions do not know how profound their misfortunes and blessings are, and how broad and far-reaching they are.Therefore, the edict said: Who knows the extreme.People all want to be rich and live a long life, but they are not free from the disaster of being poor and humble, and they only want to be rich and live a long life.Anyone who loses the way of what he wants and acts recklessly is called deluded, and if he is delusional, he will not be able to achieve what he wants.Nowadays people are unable to achieve what they want, so they are called deluded.The inability of the people to achieve what they want has been done since the dissection of the heaven and the earth, so it is said: People are delusional, and their days are #4 so it has been a long time.

The so-called square #5 means that the outside and the inside correspond, and words and deeds are commensurate.The so-called incorruptible ones are destined for life and death, and they are light on wealth.The so-called straight people must be righteous, and the public will not be partial to the party.The so-called bright ones are dignified officials and nobles, and their clothes are magnificent.Today a man of the Way, though trustworthy at home and abroad, does not slander the poor and degenerate, although deadly and despised wealth, does not use insults to give up shame and greed, although righteousness is not partisan, does not use evil, sin and selfishness, although he is respectful and beautiful, he does not To bully the poor by boasting.Why?Make those who have lost their way willing to listen, learn and ask for knowledge, that is, they will not become delusional.The reason why today's people want to succeed but become losers is that they are born ignorant of the truth and unwilling to ask for knowledge and listen to what they can.The people are unwilling to ask, know and listen, but the sages complain because of their misfortune and defeat.There are many people but few sages, and the few are too numerous to count.Today's action to be a rival to the world is not the way of longevity for the whole body, it is also done by practicing the rules.Therefore, it is said: Square without cutting, honest but not rough, straight but not sloppy, bright but not dazzling.

Smart and wise, God.Thinking about movement and stillness is human.Human beings, take advantage of the dawn to see, entrust heaven's understanding to listen, entrust heaven's wisdom to think.Therefore, seeing too much leads to blindness, hearing too much leads to deafness, and excessive thinking leads to confusion of intelligence and consciousness.If your eyes are not clear, you cannot distinguish between black and white; if your ears are not deaf, you cannot distinguish clear and turbid sounds; if your knowledge is disordered, you cannot judge gains and losses.If the eyes cannot distinguish between black and white, it is called blindness; if the ears cannot distinguish clear and muddy sounds, it is called deafness; if the heart cannot judge gains and losses, it is called madness.The blind cannot avoid the dangers of the day and the sun, the deaf cannot avoid the harm of thunder, and the mad cannot avoid the disaster of human laws and regulations.The so-called governance of people in the book is suitable for the festival of movement and stillness, and saves the cost of thinking.The so-called those who serve the sky do not have the power of extreme intelligence and the responsibility of intellect.If you try to exhaust yourself, you will spend too much energy, and if you spend too much energy, you will suffer from blindness, deafness, and madness, so it is stingy.Those who are stingy love their spirit and are stingy with their knowledge.Therefore, it is said: There is nothing like being stingy in governing personnel and affairs.

The use of people is also impetuous, and impetuousness will cost more, and extravagance is called extravagance.The use of the saint is also quiet, and the quiet is less costly, and the less cost is called stinginess.The skill of stinginess is also born of reason, and the ability to be stingy is one who follows the way and obeys reason.Everyone is free from troubles, trapped in misfortunes, they still don't know how to retreat, and they don't obey the truth.Although the sage does not see the form of disaster, nothingness is subject to reason, which is called flea obedience.Therefore, it is said: The husband calls it stingy, and it is taken by fleas.Those who know how to rule people have quiet thoughts, and those who know how to serve heaven have empty holes.Thoughts are quiet, so virtue does not go away.If the hole orifice is empty, harmony will enter day by day.Therefore, it is said: Accumulate virtue.The husband can make the old virtues not go away, and the new harmony will come day by day, and the fleas will obey them.Therefore, it is said: Flea clothing means accumulating virtue.Accumulate virtue and then calm the mind, calm the mind and then make peace with many, and then make plans after making many, and then be able to resist all things if you have plans, and if you can resist all things, you will easily defeat the enemy. gram.Everything can be overcome by accumulating virtue, so it is said: if you accumulate virtue, you can overcome everything.If it is easy to defeat the enemy, you will have the world at the same time;Entering the world and retreating to follow the people, the technique is so far away that no one can see its end.If you don't see its end, you don't know its extreme. Therefore, it is said: If you can't overcome it, you can't know its extreme.

Anyone who has a country and then perishes it, has a body and then suffers disasters, it cannot be said that he can have his country and protect himself.If a husband can own his country, he will be able to secure his country, and if he can protect his body, he will be able to live his entire life.Those who can have their own country and protect themselves must understand the Tao, and if they understand the Tao, their wisdom will be deep, and if their wisdom is deep, they will go far.Only heaven can make people not see the extremes of things, and those who do not see the extremes of things can protect themselves and their country, so it is said: Don't know the extremes.If you don't know the extreme, you can have a country.

The so-called mother of a country, the mother, is the Tao, and the Tao is born from the art of all countries, so there is the art of the country, so it is called the mother of the country.Husbands and Taoists who deal with the world will have a long life and a long life, so it is said: a mother with a country can last a long time.Trees have mangans and taproots.The root is the so-called arrival of the book.Arrival is also the reason why wood is built.Mangans are born by the tree.Virtue is also the reason why people build lives.Lu Ye is the reason why people live.Today, those who are built in Li have been able to keep their salary for a long time, so it is said: Deepen their roots.Those who embody the Tao have a long life span, so it is said: solidify their arrival.If it is firm, it will grow, and if the root is deep, it will be long-term. Therefore, it is said: Deepen its roots, strengthen its resistance, and the way of longevity and long-term vision.

If the number of workers changes jobs, it will lose its merit, and if the number of authors changes, it will lose its merit.The work of one person will be destroyed in half a day, and the work of five people will be destroyed in ten days.The work of ten thousand people will die in half a day, and the work of fifty thousand people will die in ten days.However, those who change careers a few times will have more people and more losses.Where laws and regulations are changed, interests change, and interests change, civil affairs change, and changes in affairs are called changing careers.Therefore, if you look at it from the perspective of reason, if you serve the masses and shake it a few times, you will be less successful; if you hide a large vessel and move it a few times, you will suffer more losses;Therefore, a man of the right way is noble and quiet, and does not pay attention to reforms, so it is said: Those who govern a big country are like cooking small fish.

When people are sick, they value doctors, and when they are in trouble, they fear ghosts.When the sage is above, the people will have less desires, and if the people have less desires, the blood and qi will be cured and the principles will be acted, and the principles will be less harmful.If there is no harm of acne, gangrene and hemorrhoids inside the husband, and there is no harm of punishment and punishment outside, the ghosts are also very gentle. Therefore, it is said: "Go to the world with the Tao, and the ghosts are not gods."The people who rule the world do not harm each other with ghosts and gods, so it is said: It is not that the ghosts are not gods, and the gods do not hurt people.Sneaking is also called ghosts hurting people, and it is called people hurting ghosts when people drive them away.Civil violations of laws and regulations are called hurting the people, and punishments and killing of the people are called hurting the people.If the people do not break the law, they will not be punished, and if they do not punish people, they will not hurt others.Therefore, it is said: the sage does not harm the people.The superior does not harm the people, and man does not harm the ghosts, so it is said: The two do not harm each other.If the people dare not break the law, they will not be punished internally, and their property will not be benefited externally.There is no penalty for going to the inside, but if the outside does not benefit their property, the people will die.It is virtuous that the people and the abstinence live and the animals accumulate prosperously, and the people and the abstinence live and the animals accumulate and prosper.All the so-called evil spirits will lose their souls and become insane, and insanity will have no virtue.If ghosts do not haunt people, their souls will not go away. #6 If the soul does not go away, the spirit will not be disturbed. If the spirit is not disturbed, it is said to be virtuous.If the animals are abundant and the spirits are not disturbed by ghosts, then the virtues are all in the people.Therefore, it is said: If two do not hurt each other, they will return to each other.It is said that his virtue is prosperous from top to bottom and all belong to the people.A gentleman of the right way has no resentment towards his neighbors and enemies outside, but has virtue within the people.A husband who has no resentment against his neighbors and enemies outside of his family is also courteous and righteous when meeting princes.Ned is devoted to the people, and his governance of personnel and affairs is also fundamental.When the princes have propriety and righteousness, they will be obliged to serve, and in governing the affairs of the people, the prostitution and extravagance will be stopped.The reason why all horses are used so well is that they are used externally for armored soldiers and internally for lust and luxury.Today, the ruler of Tao wants to use armored soldiers externally, but prostitution and extravagance are prohibited internally.It is not a matter of horses chasing the north in battle, and the people do not use horses to prosper and pass things. The power they accumulate is only the fields, and the power accumulated in the fields must be irrigated with dung.

If the ruler has no way, he will tyrannize his people internally and invade his neighbors externally.Domestic tyranny will destroy the people's property, while external invasion and bullying will lead to numerous soldiers.If the people's property is cut off, the livestock will be few, and if the number of soldiers is high, the soldiers will be exhausted.If there are few animals, there will be no army and horses, and if there are no soldiers, the army will be in danger.If the army and horses are exhausted, the horses will be dispatched, and if the army is in danger, the ministers will serve.Horses are of great use in the army, and those in the suburbs are close.Today, the military equipment is given to generals, horses and ministers, so it is said: There is no way in the world, and soldiers and horses are born in the suburbs.

If people have desires, their plans will lead to chaos, and their plans will lead to chaos when they have excessive desires, and if their desires are excessive, their evil intentions will prevail.From this point of view, disasters and disasters are born from evil hearts, and evil hearts are lured by desires.Desirable things, if you advance, you will teach the good people to be traitors, and if you retreat, you will bring disaster to the good people.If rape starts, it will invade the weak ruler, and if disaster comes, the people will be hurt more.However, if you want something like that, you will invade the weak king from the top and hurt the people from the bottom.It is a serious crime for a husband to invade a weak ruler and hurt the people below.Therefore, it is said: There is no greater disaster than desire.Therefore, the sage does not attract the five colors, and does not indulge in vocal music, and the Mingjun is cheap and playful and abandons lust.People have no hair and feathers, and if they don't wear clothes, they don't suffer from cold.The upper part does not belong to the sky, and the lower part does not touch the ground. It is based on the intestines and stomach, and one cannot live without food.Therefore, the heart of desire for profit cannot be avoided, and if the heart of desire for profit is not eliminated, one's body will also be worried.Therefore, the sage has enough clothes to catch the cold, and enough food to fill the void, so there is no need to worry.The people are not the same. They are big princes, but they have less than a thousand gold capital. The worry of wanting to get it will not be eliminated. foot.Therefore, the desire for profit is more important than worry, and worry will lead to illness, and illness will lead to the decline of wisdom, and the decline of wisdom will lead to loss of measure, and loss of measure will lead to reckless actions, and reckless actions will lead to disasters, and disasters will come to the sick baby, and the sick baby will suffer from pain and misfortune. In addition, suffering and pain are mixed between the stomach and intestines, and pain and pain mixed between the stomach and intestines will hurt others, and if you retreat, you will blame yourself, and if you retreat and blame yourself, it will also be born of desire for profit.

The Taoist is the reason of all things, and the basis of all principles.The rationale is the writing of things.The Taoist is the reason why all things come into being.Therefore, it is said: Dao is the one who makes sense.Things are rational and cannot be compared with each other, and things are rational and cannot be compared with each other, so the reason is the system of things.All things have their own principles, and all things have their own principles, and the Tao fully understands the principles of all things, so it has to be transformed.It has to be transformed, so it is impermanent.The practice of impermanence is based on life and death, all wisdom is considered, and all things are abolished.The sky can be elevated, the earth can be hidden, the dimension can be used to be powerful, the sun and the moon can be kept in its light, the five permanents can be kept in its position, the stars can be used to guide their movements, and the four seasons can be kept in place. Controlling its changing qi, Xuanyuan gets it to be good at the four directions, Chisong gets it to unify the heaven and the earth, and the sage gets it to write articles.Dao is wise with Yao and Shun, mad with Jieyu, destroyed with Jie and Zhou, and prosperous with Tang and Wu.I thought it was close to swimming in the four poles.I thought it was far away, always by my side.I thought it was dark, but it was bright.I thought it was clear, but it was dark.And the success of the heaven and the earth, the harmony of the thunder, and the things in the universe, rely on it to achieve success.Mortal feelings are uncontrollable and shapeless, weak and weak at any time, corresponding to reason.All things can die, all things can be born, all things can be defeated, all things can be achieved.The Tao is like water, a drowning person who drinks too much will die, a thirsty person who drinks it well will live.For example, it is like a sword and a halberd, a fool will bring disasters if he acts out anger, and a sage will bring prosperity if he punishes violence.So get it to die, get it to live, get it to defeat, get it to succeed.

People wish to see a living image, but they get the bones of a dead image, and draw pictures to imagine its life. Therefore, the reason why people think about it is called an image.Although it is not possible to hear and see in today's Tao, the sage insists on seeing the power to see its form, so it is said: there is no form of form, and there is no image of thing.For all rational beings, there are distinctions between square and round, short and long, vulgar and brittle.Therefore, after the theory is established, things can be obtained.Therefore, the theorem has life and death, life and death, and prosperity and decline.It is not common for things to survive and die, to die and then to live, to flourish at the beginning and then to decline.Only the dissection of the husband and the heaven and the earth also has life, and it is not dead or decayed until the heaven and the earth dissipate.As for the constant, there is no change, no theorem, and the non-theorem does not lie in the constant, so it cannot be said.The sage observes its mystery, uses its circles, and emphasizes the word Tao, but it can be discussed, so it is said: Tao can be said to be Tao, but it is very Tao.

(End of this chapter)